BOOK Bishop of St. David's, and Dr. Cox, and was, I suppose, I. Thirleby, elect of Westminster: for in many places in the Anno 1540. margin of his paper are set the names of those men; for what purpose I do not know, unless to signify their judgments as agreeable with his; though in these very places sometimes their minds and his differ. This man's answer also was perused by the King, who sometimes writ his own objections in the margin. This also I have cast into the XXVIII. Appendix.

Numb.

The Archbishop's judgment upon these

questions.

In the conclusion of this famous consultation upon these seventeen articles concerning the sacraments, (their resolutions being drawn up in writing under their own hands,) the Archbishop, having these discourses given into his hand for the King's use, drew up a summary of each man's judgment; which, together with his own, he caused to be written fairly out by his secretary, and so presented to the Vol. i. book King. The Bishop of Sarum hath saved me the trouble of 3. Collect. writing them out in this work, having presented them alCleopatra ready to the world in his History, from another manuscript

xxi.

E. 5.

The judgments of

other learn

ed men concerning

other points.

than the Cotton book which I make use of, which is a true original. The Archbishop's summary may be found among the collections in the said History, against the word Aggreement in the margin, and the Archbishop's own judgment against his name in the margin. At the conclusion of his paper, which he sent to the King, he subscribed thus, most warily and modestly, with his own hand;

“T. Cantuarien. This is mine opinion and sentence at "this present; which nevertheless I do not temerariously define, but refer the judgment thereof unto your Majesty."

66

Besides these seventeen questions, there are in this choice Cottonian manuscript divers others propounded to another combination of bishops and divines, perhaps about this time, or rather, I conceive, three years before, with their answers under their hands thereunto, being called together in order to the composing the book called The Institution. As, concerning confirmation; Whether this sacrament be a sacrament of the New Testament, instituted by Christ, or not? What is the outward sign, and invisible grace, that is con

XX.

ferred in the same? What promises be made, that the said CHAP. graces shall be received by this sacrament? The Bishop of Sarum hath printed among his Collections the resolutions Anno 1540. of the Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of London to these queries; having taken them out of this manuscript volume which I use. But there be here the opinions of many more, both bishops and other dignitaries of the Church: as namely, the Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Ely, Rochester, Lincoln, Bangor, and Sarum. Then follows the opinion of the Bishop of London, and next of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Then come the judgments of Dr. Wotton, Dean of Canterbury; Dr. Barber, Archdeacon of Cleveland, and Warden of All Souls, Oxon, and one of the convocation in 1562; Dr. Bell, a civilian, employed in the King's business against Queen Katharine, Archdeacon of Glocester, and soon after Bishop of Worcester; Dr. Wolman, Dean of Wells; Dr. Marshall, Archdeacon of Nottingham; Dr. Cliff, Treasurer of the church of York; Dr. Edmunds, the same, I suppose, that was Master of Peter House, Cambridge; Dr. Downs, Chancellor of the church of York; Dr. Marmaduke, the same. probably that was called Marmaduke Waldeby; Dr. Robinson, for Robertson, I suppose, Archdeacon of Leicester; Dr. Smith, he probably that was Professor of Divinity in Oxon; Dr. Buckmaster, and another nameless.

of

And as these learned men treated of this point of confirmation, so, by the various heads and discourses I meet with here, they all gave their judgments of divers other chief points religion; as De Fide, De Salvatione, De Matrimonio, De Panitentia, De Sacramentorum usu, and De auriculari Confessione: where is a letter of the King's own writing, in answer to somewhat the Bishop of Durham had writ upon that argument. This royal letter the Bishop of Sarum hath print- Part i. Aded in his History. Of Priests' marriage; whereof the King the Collect, wrote a short discourse. Of Pilgrimages; Of Purgatory; No. XI. of this there is a discourse wrote by Latimer: and after follows another by the King. Latimer's discourse is animadverted upon by the King's pen in the margin; De utraque specie. Three or four large discourses thereupon in favour of receiving in one kind: one whereof was part of the

denda to

Anno 1540.

BOOK King's answer to the German ambassadors that were sent I. hither about a treaty in the years 1538 and 1539. The second is part of an apology, by an English divine, to those 80 German protestants, for communion in one kind, and for private mass. And this latter probably is the Bishop of Durham's, because the correction of the paper (transcribed, as it seems, by his Secretary) here and there is his own hand. So that some of these discourses were, I make no doubt, drawn up by the divines for the King's use, in order to his answer to the writing which the German agents the last year had composed, before their voyage home. But these papers, some English and some Latin, are so large, that they would too much swell this volume, and entangle the thread of the discourse, if I should here insert them and therefore I must omit them, and proceed to other matters.

An act to prevent divorces.

:

In this thirty-second year of the King, by a seasonable law, a stop was put to an evil that now mightily prevailed: namely, the frequency of divorces. For it was ordinary to annul marriages, and divide man and wife from each other, who it may be had lived long together, and had children in wedlock when, upon any disgust of man or wife, they would withdraw from one another; and so in effect make their children bastards, upon pretence of some pre-contract or affinity which by the Pope's law required a divorce. The King himself took particular care of this act, and there were two rough draughts of it, which I have seen in the Cotton library: both which he himself revised diligently, and corrected with his own pen. These divorces the Archbishop highly disliked; and might probably have laid before the King the great inconveniences, as well as scandal, thereof. It troubled him to see how common these divorces were grown in Germany, and after-marriages, and bigamy. There is a letter of his to Osiander, the German divine, concerning matrimony in what year written appeareth not; unless perhaps in this year, or the following, now that the King The Arch- was employing his thoughts about redress of this business. bishop to The sum of the letter is to desire Osiander to supply him Osiander concerning with an answer to some things that seemed to reflect a fault

the Ger

mans' abuse upon those in Germany that professed the Gospel; and that was, that they allowed such as were divorced to marry

of matri

mony.

XX. Anno 1540.

again, both parties divorced being alive and that they CHAP. suffered, without any divorce, a man to have more wives than one. And Osiander had acknowledged as much expressly to Cranmer, in a letter, seeming to complain of it, and added, that Philip Melancthon himself was present at one of these marriages of a second wife, the first being alive. Indeed if any thing were done among those protestants that seemed not just and fair, to be sure Cranmer should presently be twitted in the teeth for it. And then he was fain to make the best answers he could, either out of their books, or out of his own invention. And he was always asked about the affairs in those parts. And sometimes he was forced to confess some things, and be ready to blush at them, (such a concern had he for Germany,) as concerning their allowance of usury, and of concubines to their noblemen: as he wrote to the said German. But I will not longer detain the reader from perusing the excellent learned letter of the Archbishop, which he may find in the Appendix, concerning this subject.

No. XXIX.

CHAP. XXI.

The largest Bible printed.

81

count of

THE largest English Bible coming forth in print this year, Some acwherein our Archbishop, out of his zeal to God's glory, printing had so great an influence, I shall here take occasion to the English give some account of the translation of, as well as I can; there having been no exact story thereof any where given, as I know of.

Bible.

The first time the holy Scripture was printed in English New Testament print(for written copies thereof, of Wickliff's translation, there ed in 1526. were long before, and many) was about the year 1526. And that was only the New Testament, translated by Tindal, assisted by Joy and Constantine, and printed in some foreign parts, I suppose at Hamburgh or Antwerp. For in this year I find that Cardinal Wolsey and the bishops consulted together for the prohibiting the New Testament

Fox's Acts,

BOOK of Tindal's translation to be read. And Tonstal Bishop of I. London issued out his commission to his archdeacons for Anno 1540. calling in the New Testament. This year also Tonstal and And burnt. Sir Thomas More bought up almost the whole impression, and burnt them at Paul's Cross. I think it was this first edition that Garret, alias Garrerd, Curate of Honylane, afterwards burnt for heresy, dispersed in London and Oxford.

P. 929.

Reprinted

Soon after Tindal revised his translation of the New about 1530. Testament, and corrected it, and caused it again to be printed about the year 1530. The books finished were priInter Foxii vily sent over to Tindal's brother, John Tindal, and Thomas

MSS.

Burnt again.

The Scripture pro

hibited, in

at the Star

Chamber.

Patmore, merchants, and another young man; who received them and dispersed them. For which having been taken up by the Bishop of London, they were adjudged in the Star-Chamber, Sir Thomas More being then Lord Chancellor, to ride with their faces to the horse tail, having papers on their heads, and the New Testaments and other books (which they dispersed) to be fastened thick about them, pinned or tacked to their gowns or cloaks, and at the standard in Cheap themselves to throw them into a fire made for that purpose: and then to be fined at the King's pleasure. Which penance they observed. The fine set upon them was heavy enough, viz. eighteen thousand eight hundred and forty pounds and ten pence: as was extant to be seen in the records of the Star-Chamber.

Anno 1531, the Bishops came into the Star-Chamber, and communing with the King's counsel, and alleging a meeting that this Testament was not truly translated, and that in it were prologues and prefaces of heresy and raillery against bishops; upon this complaint the Testament, and other such like books, were prohibited. But the King gave commandment to the biops at the same time, that they, calling to them the best learned out of the Universities, should cause a new translation to be made; so that the people might not be ignorant in the law of God. But the bishops 82 did nothing in obedience to this commandment.

New Testaments burnt

The same year, viz. 1531, in the month of May, Stokesly, the third Bishop of London, (as Tonstal, his predecessor, had done time. four or five years before,) caused all the New Testaments of

Fox, P.

937.