whose agents desired him to devote his entire time to the reorganization and perfecting of a newspaper bureau throughout the oil country. To secure this end, he purchased the Daily Derrick, of Oil City, the Breeze and Era of Bradford, all daily papers, also the Sunday Herald of the latter city, and subsequently he became owner of the Sunday News and Evening Star. The subject of this sketch was too modest to detail his part in the exciting scenes which such purchases involved. Suffice to say that the work he performed was in no sense popular, as the oil regions, en masse, have never taken kindly to corporations, notwithstanding the fact that all the successful and leading business men in that part of the State have made their fortunes by or through combines or corporate investments. On July 14, 1887, Mr. Jordan bade adieu to oil region journalism, selling his entire interest to the Standard Oil Company, who have since that time added the Toledo Commercial to their oil region plant. Mr. Jordan has owned half interest in the Harrisburg Telegram since 1885, and purchased the other half January 1, 1890. Politically, Mr. Jordan has taken quite an active part, although always under protest, in the politics of Northwestern Pennsylvania, directly, and indirectly, in those of the State and Nation at large. He is one who has invariably preferred to create, assist and cater to the ambitions of others, to whom he could render service in a journalistic sense, rather than hold offices himself, although he was, in 1874, persuaded to run for burgess of Petrolia, and for mayor of Bradford in 1881, to both of which offices he was elected by overwhelming majorities, despite the opposition that was wielded against him, on account of his connection with corporations. In January, 1890, Mr. Jordan associated himself with Mr. J. J. McLaurin, in the management and control of the Harrisburg Telegram, the largest weekly paper in Pennsylvania, outside Philadelphia, having a sworn circulation of over 50,000.

C. E. JUDD, attorney at law, Bradford, was born in Russell, Geauga Co., Ohio, March 9, 1856, a son of Lucius and Harriet (Cole) Judd, natives of Ohio and of English descent, their ancestors having been among the early settlers of Eastern Massachusetts. C. E. Judd is the second of four children, but two of whom are living. He was a student at Chester Seminary, from which he graduated in 1877, having taught prior to his graduation. After leaving school, he again was engaged in teaching, and in 1879 came to Bradford, where for a time he was engaged in the oil business; also studied law with Henry McSweeney. He was admitted to the bar at Smethport in 1884, and has since built up a good practice. He was married in October, 1887, to Miss Mary L. Haggerty, daughter of John Haggerty, and they have one child, Margaret Louise. In politics Mr. Judd is a Republican.

DAVID KIRK, president of the McCalmont Oil Company, Bradford, has been engaged in the oil business since 1860, when he drilled a well at Franklin, and for two years devoted his attention to the production of oil. In 1862 he built a refinery, which he conducted eight years, and also in the meantime opened the first yard for the storage of oil. In 1870 his business was ruined by the Standard Oil Company, and since then he has been engaged in the development of oil wells. In 1880 he organized the company he now represents, which operates extensively in the lower oil fields. Mr. Kirk was born in Scotland, February 18, 1831, a son of Arthur and Marion (Smith) Kirk, who came to America in 1839, and settled in Pittsburgh, Penn., where they reared a family of six sons and six daughters, David being the fourth child. Early in life he was put to work in a cotton factory, and later learned the carpenter's trade, but followed it only a short time, when he went to Allegheny City, where he found employment in a grocery. In 1856 he embarked in business

for himself, continuing it until 1860. Mr. Kirk has always taken an interest in the community in which he lives, and while in Pittsburgh was nominated for congress by the Greenback party, but was defeated by a small majority, although he ran 5,000 votes ahead of his ticket. In 1880 he was nominated by the Greenback and Democratic parties to represent the Sixteenth Congres sional District in congress, but was defeated by 500 votes. In politics Mr. Kirk is now a Republican. He was married in 1856 to Miss Ellen Baldwin, a native of Allegheny City, Penn., and to them were born eight children, four sons and four daughters: W. M. Kirk, Charles Kirk, Mrs. Mary Bell Davidson, Mrs. Ella Bovard, Elizabeth Kirk, David Kirk, Jr., Clara Kirk and Albert E. Kirk. Mrs. Kirk died in 1885.

W. K. LANEY, oil producer and contractor, Bradford, was born in Germany in October, 1844. When he was an infant his father died, and when he was about six years old his mother came to the United States and settled in Venango county, Penn. He remained with his mother until shortly after his thirteenth birthday, when he left home and has since made his own way in the world. He worked in the oil fields in the summer, saved his earnings and attended school in the winter, and in this way obtained his education. He has lived in Bradford many years, and in addition to owning several wells has also engaged in drilling oil, gas and water wells, having had extensive contracts in different States. In 1862 Mr. Laney enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and FortySecond Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, participating in many severe battles, among which may be mentioned Chancellorsville, Antietam and Gettysburg. He was captured on the first day of the last-named battle, but, being shortly after released, he rejoined his company and was present at the surrender of Gen. Lee. He is now an active member of the United Veteran Legion, and has served as lieutenant-colonel of Bradford Post. He is also a member of the Masonic order, lodge, chapter, council and commandery. Mr. Laney was married in Meadville, Penn., in July, 1870, to Flora, daughter of Charles Huntley, and they have three children: Ada, Grace and Charles. Mrs. Laney and her daughters are members of the Presbyterian Church of Bradford. In politics Mr. Laney is a Republican.

L. B. LOCKARD, oil producer, Bradford, was born in Hanover, Columbiana Co., Ohio, January 2, 1838, the third of nine children of William and Sarah (McBride) Lockard, former a native of Ireland and latter of Ohio, of Irish descent. He was given good educational advantages, attending the common and high schools of his native county, then took up the study of law at New Lisbon, and was admitted to the bar. He had but just commenced his practice when the Civil war broke out, and he immediately enlisted in the serv ice of the government, and was assigned to duty in the arsenal at Pittsburgh, where he served until the close of the war. He then returned to Ohio and embarked in the dry goods business at Salem, being subsequently interested in various manufacturing enterprises, and while there served five consecutive terms as mayor. In 1875 he moved into the oil regions of Pennsylvania, where he invested in property; in 1879 he came to Bradford, and until 1881 operated in the lower fields. He then bought in the Bradford oil fields, and has since made his home in the city of Bradford. Mr. Lockard was married October 25, 1859, to Miss Phoebe, daughter of Rev. I. Archbold, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and they have six children: Vesta, Charles, Fannie, John, Lorenzo and Edith. Mr. and Mrs. Lockard are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In politics Mr. Lockard is a Democrat. He is supreme vice-protector of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and grand protector of the State; has served the order as grand secretary; represented

Pennsylvania in the Supreme Lodge at Chicago in 1885, and again in 1887, and at Philadelphia was unanimously chosen to his present position.

DENNIS LUNDERGAN, passenger and freight agent for the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railroad Company, at Bradford, was born in Cattaraugus county, N. Y., March 27, 1853, the eldest of five children of Martin and Catherine (Ryan) Lundergan, natives of Ireland, who came to America in 1851, and settled in New York. Dennis, being the eldest son, naturally drifted into the railroad business, as his father was for many years employed by differeut companies. When a small boy he began to learn telegraphy, and when thirteen years old was employed as an operator by the Erie Railroad Company, holding a position with them seven years, and for two years, from 1873 to 1875, he was both operator and station agent at Fosterville, N. Y. In 1875 he came to Bradford, and was clerk and agent for the Erie Company until 1882, when he accepted his present position. Mr. Lundergan was married in New York, in 1875, to Julia, daughter of Thomas Welsh. In politics be is a Democrat. He is a member of the Catholic Church.

A. MCALPINE, D. D. S., Bradford, was born in Welland county, Ontario, Canada, a son of Volney and Lavinia (Chapman) McAlpine, who were also natives of Canada, and of Scotch and English descent. His father is a dentist, and is still in practice in Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. McAlpine was reared in Ontario, and choosing dentistry as his profession took a course at the Dental College of Baltimore, Md., from which he graduated. He practiced at Oil City and Petrolia, Penn., and in 1879 located at Bradford, where he has met with success, and has built up a good practice. He was married in October, 1881, to Luella, daughter of L. Mitchell, and they have four children: John, Ethel, Archie and Evelyn. Mrs. McAlpine is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In politics Dr. McAlpine is a Republican. He was second lieutenant of the Sixteenth Regiment, P. N. G., five years. He is president of the Bradford Bicycle Association.

GEORGE BYRON MCCALMONT, attorney at law, Bradford, was born in Fort Madison, Iowa, September 4, 1845, a son of Robert and Parthena (Sage) McCalmont, natives of Venango county, Penn., and of Scotch and Irish descent, respectively. He was given a good education, graduating in 1864 from Westminster College, and then began the study of law in Venango county, Penn.; was admitted to the bar in 1869, and for five years practiced in Butler, Butler Co., Penn. He came to Bradford in 1878, and has here built up a good practice. For eight years he has served as city solicitor, and was admitted to the supreme court of the United States in 1885. Democrat in politics until 1888, when he transferred his allegiance to the Republican party. He was sent to New York by the central committee in favor of protective tariff, and for two weeks was in New York City, and two months in the State. He was married March 26, 1886, to Miss Elizabeth M., daugh ter of John Redmond.

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JOSEPH M. McCLURE, attorney at law, a member of the firm of Mullin & McClure, Bradford, was born in Perry county, Penn., December 28, 1838, the sixth of ten children of James and Rachel Oliver (Patterson) McClure, who were natives of Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish descent, former of whom died in 1865. In his boyhood Joseph M. had but limited educational advantages, attending in the winter the district schools. He served an apprenticeship at the tanner's trade, and after mastering the main details served two years in the currier and roller department. Although his time was so much taken up, his thirst for knowledge induced him to study in all his spare moments, and when he was twenty years old he accepted a position to teach, and

successfully taught the higher department of a graded school. The next year he entered Tuscarora Academy, where he prepared for college, and in the autumn of 1862 he was able to enter the freshman class at Yale College, where he graduated in 1866 in a class of ninety-six. He then took up the study of law at Mifflintown, Penn., completing his course in Chambersburg with the Hon. John Stewart, who is now president judge of Franklin county. He was admitted to the bar in Franklin county in 1867, and in 1868 moved to Harrisburg. In 1869 he was appointed assistant State librarian, and in the fall of 1869 was appointed deputy attorney-general of the State. In 1873 he went to Doylestown, Bucks county, where he edited and managed English and German weekly newspapers. In 1875 he again resumed the practice of his profession at Allentown, and in 1879 removed to Bradford. He was admitted to the supreme court in 1869, and also to the United States Court. In politics he is a Democrat. He takes an active interest in the cause of education, and has served as a member of the Bradford school board, of which for a time he was president. He was married in Philadelphia November 27, 1867, to Alice Hamersly, daughter of George W. Hamersly, and they have five children: Mary L., Margaretta D., Robert, Kenneth and Donald. Mrs. McClure is a member of the Episcopal Church.

J. W. MCCRAY, of the firm of McCray Brothers, oil producers, Bradford, was born in Crawford county, Penn., February 6, 1840, a son of J. F. and Margaret (Allen) McCray, the former of Scotch-Irish and the latter of Scotch descent. Mr. McCray started in business for himself, in 1865, at Titusville, Penn., and has since that time been interested in the production of petroleum, locating at Bradford in 1880. He has been in the main successful (although in one year he put down nine dry wells), and has been associated with his brother, T. E. McCray, since 1871. They are energetic, industrious men, recognized as being among the leading oil men of the vicinity. Mr. J. W. McCray was married in Clarion county, Penn., in 1879, to Miss Laura Boland, a native of Rockland township, Venango Co., Penn., and a daughter of Andrew and Mary Boland, and they have one child, Fenton A. In politics Mr. McCray is a Republican, and has served as a member of the council of Bradford. He is a member of the Royal Templars of Temperance. Mr. McCray's grandfather, James McCray, was a British soldier, but deserted, and came from Canada to the United States, where he afterward made his home. Mr. and Mrs. McCray are regular attendants of the Methodist Church, but are not members of that denomination.

T. E. MCCREA, chief of police, Bradford, was born in Armstrong county, Penn., April 2, 1848, a son of Daniel and Sarah (Coyle) McCrea, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Irish descent. He was reared and educated in Butler county, Penn., remaining at home until twenty years of age, when he went to Petroleum Centre, and there worked at the oil wells. For two years he was superintendent for an oil company. In 1875 and 1876 he was constable and assessor and collector of taxes in Donegal township, Butler Co., Penn. In 1877 he removed to Bradford, and was here engaged in the oil business for some time, and still retains an interest in that industry. For two years he was in the employ of a gas company as inspector; for nine years has been on the police force, and for two years has been chief of the department. Mr. McCrea was married at St. John's Church, Clearfield township, Butler Co., Penn., February 17, 1874, to Miss Margaret Duff, a native of Butler county, Penn., and of Irish descent, daughter of Dennis and Mary (Dugan) Duff, and they have three children: Harry, Rose and Albinas. Mr. McCrea and his family are members of the Catholic Church. In politics he is a Democrat.

D. F. H. MCDOWELL, senior member of the firm of McDowell Brothers, merchants, Bradford, was born in Mercer county, Penn., May 10, 1859, a son of W. D. and Sarah (Barnes) McDowell, who were both of Scotch descent. He received his literary education in the common schools, and acquired his business knowledge in his father's store at Rouseville, Venango Co., Penn. In 1880 he came to Bradford and entered the employ of a wholesale grocery house. The following year he embarked in the retail grocery business on his own account, in which he retained his interest until 1885, although for two years during this period he was in the employ of the McCalmont Oil Company. In the year named (1885) he bought a half interest in what is now the firm of McDowell Brothers, at present one of the leading grocery firms in the city of Bradford, his associate being C. J. C. McDowell. The firm deals in groceries, provisions, crockery, flour, feed. hay, corn, oats, etc., and supplies its customers with the best articles to be found in the trade. In politics Mr. McDowell is a Repub lican, and in religion a Presbyterian. He is still unmarried. J. C. MCKENNA, superintendent of the Bradford, Bordell & Kinzua and the Bradford, Eldred & Cuba Railroads, at Bradford, was born in Shelby, Orleans Co., N. Y., April 23, 1858, a son of John and Adelaide C. (Wheeler) McKenna, former a native of Ireland, and latter of New York, of English descent. For six years Mr. McKenna was employed as a clerk in the freight office of the New York Central Railroad Company at Buffalo, and then for a year was clerk for the Buffalo & Southwestern Railroad. In 1880 he was appointed general freight agent for the Bradford, Bordell & Kinzua, and the Bradford, Eldred & Cuba lines, and in 1885 was elected to his present position. Mr. McKenna was married in Buffalo, April 23, 1884, to Miss Mary A. Seymour, daughter of John A. Seymour, and they have two children: David Allen and John Wheeler. Mr. McKenna is a Republican in politics. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and the Regents of Honor. He and his wife are members of the Catholic Church.

M. MCMAHON, contractor, Bradford, was born in Rochester, N. Y., October 24, 1834, a son of Michael and Elizabeth (McCarty) McMahon, natives of Ireland. He learned the carriage maker's trade in his youth, and carried on that business fourteen years. In 1864 he enlisted in defense of the Union, was commissioned lieutenant and appointed recruiting officer. He recruited and organized the One Hundred and Eighty-eighth New York Volunteer Infantry, of which his brother was colonel until promoted to brigadier-general. After the war he and his brother came to Pennsylvania and worked in the oil fields near Pit Hole until 1876, when they began contracting for oil and gas lines. They also took the contracts of putting in water-works, and have been very successful from the start. In 1889 they completed the reservoir and water works at Ridgway, the county seat of Elk county. In politics Mr. McMahon is a Democrat, and was the first assessor of Bradford, a position he held sixteen years, and is the present assessor of the county. He has filled all the chairs and is past commander of the C. M. B. A. He was married in Rochester, N. Y., to Miss Mary A. Sugru. Mr. and Mrs. McMahon are members of the Catholic Church, and Mrs. McMahon is a member of the Aid Society.

J. C. MCMULLEN, one of the publishers of The Petroleum Age and one of the editors and publishers of the Daily Oil News, died at the age of thirty-seven years, January 31, 1888. A. R. Crum calls him one of the famous oil scouts, and writing of him, says: "His conscientious accuracy was frequently noted during the time he lived in the shadows of the towering hemlocks of Cherry Grove, on Cooper Hill and at Balltown. When others telegraphed rumors and guesses, he staid up all night secretly to run the