Liberty and Equality in Caribbean Colombia, 1770-1835Univ of North Carolina Press, 12.10.2005 - 384 Seiten After Brazil and the United States, Colombia has the third-largest population of African-descended peoples in the Western hemisphere. Yet the country is commonly viewed as a nation of Andeans, whites, and mestizos (peoples of mixed Spanish and indigenous Indian ancestry). Aline Helg examines the historical roots of Colombia's treatment and neglect of its Afro-Caribbean identity within the comparative perspective of the Americas. Concentrating on the Caribbean region, she explores the role of free and enslaved peoples of full and mixed African ancestry, elite whites, and Indians in the late colonial period and in the processes of independence and early nation building. Why did race not become an organizational category in Caribbean Colombia as it did in several other societies with significant African-descended populations? Helg argues that divisions within the lower and upper classes, silence on the issue of race, and Afro-Colombians' preference for individual, local, and transient forms of resistance resulted in particular spheres of popular autonomy but prevented the development of an Afro-Caribbean identity in the region and a cohesive challenge to Andean Colombia. Considering cities such as Cartagena and Santa Marta, the rural communities along the Magdalena River, and the vast uncontrolled frontiers, Helg illuminates an understudied Latin American region and reintegrates Colombia into the history of the Caribbean. |
Inhalt
1 | |
18 | |
2 Countryside | 42 |
3 Cities | 80 |
4 The First Independence | 121 |
5 Equality and Freedom under the Republic | 162 |
6 The Pardo and Liberal Challenges to Bolívars Project | 195 |
An AllAmerican Perspective | 237 |
Notes | 265 |
Bibliography | 321 |
347 | |
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According African descent AHNC areas armed army attempted authorities bishop Bogotá Bolívar Caribbean New Granada Cartagena church cities claimed Colombia colonial color communities constitution continued Corrales creole defend despite Documentos early elite equality established fact families followed fols forced freedom frontier García governor Gutiérrez hacendados haciendas important included increased independence Indians indigenous individual inhabitants José Juan Junta labor lack land late leaders Liberal limited lived lower Magdalena majority male Manuel March masters military militia mixed Mompox Montilla Moreover mulatto officers Padilla pardo percent persons political popular population position prevent priests provinces pueblos race racial region remained residents resistance result Riohacha River royal royalist Santa Marta Santander slavery slaves society Spain Spanish status tion Torre towns trade troops United Valledupar Venezuela villages women zambos