The Numerals, which occur in the Sentences, are not introduced into the Vocabulary in their alphabetical order; but are given all together, in numerical order, on the following pages.

NUMERALS.

Numerals are Adjectives denoting Number. Of these there are several series; but the chief are called Cardinal, Distributive, and Ordinal Numerals. There are also Numeral Adverbs.

Cardinal Numerals answer the question Quot? how many?' as, Quot equos habetis? How many horses have you (in all)?' Decem, 'ten.'

Distributive Numerals answer the question Quotēni, œ, a? ‘how many each, or apiece?' as, Quotenos equos habetis? How many horses have you apiece?' Denos, we have ten each.'

Ordinal Numerals answer the question Quõtus, a, um? 'which in numeric order?' as, Quoto in præsepi stat equus tuus? In which stall does your horse stand?' In decimo, in the tenth.'

Numeral Adverbs answer the question Quoties? how often?' as, Quoties illum equum vidisti? How often have you seen that horse?' Decies, 'ten times.'

All the Distributives and Ordinals are declined. Of the Cardinals the three first are declined; see Pr. 34: and the hundreds are declined; as, ducenti, œ, a. But from quattuor to centum, both inclusive, they are not declined. Mille is undeclined: it is commonly an adjective; as, mille homines, 1000 men: but it may be used as a singular noun; as, mille hominum, 'a thousand of men.' In the plural it is always a neuter declinable noun; as, tria millia hominum: except when a smaller number comes between it and the noun, and then it may pass as an adjective; as, tria millia trecenti triginta tres homines, 3333 men.

As Millions are rendered by aid of the adverbs; 1,100,000 is undecies centena millia; 2,000,000 is vicies centena millia; 100,000,000 is millies centena millia; and so on.

The Roman Symbols of Numbers, as used now, are

A smaller symbol before a larger is subtracted; as, IX=X-1=9.
A smaller symbol after a larger is added; as, XI=X+1=II.

The same symbol repeated is added; as,

XX=X+X=20; III=I+I+I=3.

The symbol CIO for 1000 is merely a way of writing M, so as to admit of increase or decrease (cf. XXIII. 478, &c.). Add a curve on each side, and the number is multiplied by 10; knock off a curve on the left for each curve on the right, and the number is halved. Thus

and so on.

CCID=1000 X 10=10,000;

=

IO (or D) = 1000÷2=500; 10,000÷ 2 = 5000;

Just as subtraction is denoted by placing a small symbol before a larger one; so is it by placing a small numeral before a multiple of ten. Thus duodeviginti is 18, undetriginta is 29; and so on, to duodecentum for 98, and undecentum for 99.

viginti octo, octo et vig., or duodetriginta duodetriceni viginti nov., nov. et vig., or undetriginta undetriceni

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AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS.