Duas orationes non contemnendas audivi. Horrendum et dictu video mirabile monstrum. Absentium bona juxta atque interemptorum divisui 285 fuere. Raptarum 56 parentes lacrimis et querelis civitates concitant. Triste responsum petentibus redditum est. Isti homines haud doctis dictis sed male dictis certabant. CHAPTER XXI. DOUBLE, and otherwise noticeable, constructions. EXAMPLES. A. Da, pater, augurium, atque animis illabere nostris. Pleasure steals into the soul. B. Miles morti se fuga eripuit. The soldier rescued himself from death by flight. Piso fratrem ex periculo eripuit. Piso rescued his brother from danger. C. Mulieribus belli timor insolitus incesserat. A strange dread of war had come upon the women. Nova religio in te incessit. A new religious feeling has come upon you. Tanta religio rem publicam incesserat. So strong a religious feeling had come upon (or, seized) the state. D. Barbari ex prælio excessere. The barbarians withdrew from the battle. Veneti bello excessere. The Venetians withdrew from the war. Consul urbem excessit. The Consul withdrew from (or, quitted) the city. E. Bonus civis dolet injuriis civitatis suæ. A good citizen mourns over the wrongs of his country. Meum casum omnes boni doluerunt. All good men mourned my misfortune. F. Rex urbi murum circumdedit. The king put a wall round the city. Rex urbem muro circumdedit. The king surrounded the city with a wall. G. Aurum gravius est argento. Aurum gravius est quam argentum. H. Neminem vidi dulciorem quam Lælius.. I have never seen a pleasanter man than Lælius. I have seen nobody pleasanter than you. L. Homo doctior est quam pulchrior. The man is more learned than handsome. M. Homo natura est iracundior. The man is naturally somewhat passionate. N. Quo major exercitus, eo gravior clades est. Ut quisque exercitus est maximus, ita gravissima clades. O. Proximus quisque congregatur. All the nearest persons flock together. Proximi quique congregantur. All the nearest nations flock together. P. Ex alio in aliud mutamur. From one thing to another we change. Milites alius alia dilapsi sunt. The soldiers slipt off, one by one route, another by another. Milites alii alia dilapsi sunt. The soldiers slipt off, some by one route, others by another. Duo pueri alter in alteram partem discessere. The two boys parted, one to the one side, the other to the other. Sex pueri alteri in alteram partem discessere. The six boys parted, one lot to the one side, the other lot to the other. Q. Cæsar quam maximas comparat copias. Cæsar raises the largest possible forces. REMARKS. a. Many verbs, both transitive and intransitive, are followed by the dative, as denoting actions that operate indirectly on an object; and by the accusative with a preposition, as denoting actions that operate towards an object (A). b. Some verbs are followed by the dative, as denoting actions that operate indirectly on an object; and by the ablative with (or without) a preposition, as denoting actions that operate from an object (B). As we rather operate on persons than things, nouns naming persons are commonly in the dative after such verbs; while nouns naming other objects are commonly in the accusative or ablative, according as the operation is to or from. c. Many verbs which are naturally intransitive, as denoting actions that do not seem to operate directly, come to be used transitively. Such verbs are chiefly compounds. Of these 1. Some are followed by the dative and accusative; as præcedo 'go before'. 2. Some are followed by the accusative with a preposition, and by the accusative alone; as ascendo 'mount'. 3. Some are followed both by the dative, and by the accusative with a preposition, and by the accusative alone; as incedo 'go in' (C). 4. Some even which are naturally followed by the ablative, as denoting motion from, come to be followed by the accusative; as excedo 'go out' (D). 5. Some too, which are naturally followed by the ablative as marking the cause, come to be followed by the accusative; as doleo mourn' (E). 6. Some, when they are followed by a noun at all, seem always to be followed by the accusative; as horreo 'shiver', 'dread'. d. Some verbs, which are naturally followed by the accusative and dative like do, pass through a certain change of meaning and come to be followed by the accusative and ablative. Thus circumdo 'put round' comes to mean 'surround' (F). e. After comparative adjectives the noun is either in the same sentence and in the ablative case: or it stands, as in English, in a new sentence after the conjunctionadverb quam 'than'; generally as subject-word to the copula est omitted (G). 1. If the noun with which the comparative agrees is not in the nominative case, the noun after the comparative prefers the quam construction; unless it be a pronoun, when it prefers the ablative (H). 2. If the noun with which the comparative agrees does not name one of the objects compared, the construction with quam should be used (K). |