The Journal of Political Economy, Band 3University of Chicago Press, 1895 Deals with research and scholarship in economic theory. Presents analytical, interpretive, and empirical studies in the areas of monetary theory, fiscal policy, labor economics, planning and development, micro- and macroeconomic theory, international trade and finance, and industrial organization. Also covers interdisciplinary fields such as history of economic thought and social economics. |
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Adam Smith ALBION W amount annual average Belgium bimetallism bonds capital cash cause cent checks circulation classes coin coinage commodities Congress Cook county corporations cost credit paper currency customs duties customs revenue system customs tax debt demand direct tax economic economists exchange expenditures fact favor Finance fiscal France gold Hamilton Ibid Illinois important income tax increase industrial interest Iron Mountain issued Journal of Political justice labor land Latin Union legislation less means ment methods mile Missouri monetary national banks nomic payment Pennsylvania period Philadelphia Platte County Political Economy population present principles production proportion quantity of money question railroad railways real estate receipts regarded Report result roads secure Senate silver social society sociology standard statistics surplus-value tariff taxation theory tion trade Treasury United University of Chicago volume wealth York
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 510 - Its nature, therefore, requires, that only its great outlines should be marked, its important objects designated, and the minor ingredients which compose those objects be deduced from the nature of the objects themselves.
Seite 519 - Confederation, but according to some equitable ratio of representation; namely, in proportion to the whole number of white and other free citizens and inhabitants, of every age, sex, and condition, including those bound to servitude for a term of years, and threefifths of all other persons, not comprehended in the foregoing description, except Indians not paying taxes in each state.
Seite 511 - As men, whose intentions require no concealment, generally employ the words which most directly and aptly express the ideas they intend to convey, the enlightened patriots who framed our constitution, and the people who adopted it, must be understood to have employed i words in their natural sense, and to have intended what they have said.
Seite 526 - Gray, 84, is applicable, that if the different parts "are so mutually connected with and dependent on each other, as conditions, considerations or compensations for each other, as to warrant a belief that the legislature intended them as a whole, and that, if all could not be carried into effect, the legislature would not pass the residue independently, and some parts are unconstitutional, all the provisions which are thus dependent, conditional or connected, must fall with them.
Seite 518 - The Constitution prohibits any direct tax, unless in proportion to numbers as ascertained by the census; and, in the light of the circumstances to which we have referred, is it not an evasion of that prohibition to hold that a general unapportioned tax, imposed upon all property owners as a body for or in respect of their property, is not direct, in the meaning of the Constitution, because confined to the income therefrom ? Whatever the speculative views of political economists or revenue reformers...
Seite 522 - It is not enough to say that this particular case was not in the mind of the convention when the article was framed, nor of the American people when it was adopted. It is necessary to go farther and to say that had this particular case been suggested, the language would have been so varied as to exclude it, or it would have been made a special exception.
Seite 523 - Congress, if the necessity exist of raising thirty, forty, or any other number of million dollars for the support of the government, in addition to the revenue from duties, imposts, and excises, apportion the quota of each State upon the basis of the census, and thus advise it of the payment which must be made, and proceed to assess that amount on all the real and personal property and the income of all persons in the State, and collect the same if the State does not in the meantime assume and pay...
Seite 522 - The case being within the words of the rule, must be within its operation likewise, unless there be something in the literal construction so obviously absurd or mischievous, or repugnant to the general spirit of the instrument, as to justify those who expound the constitution in making it an exception.
Seite 298 - The emitting of paper money by the authority of Government is wisely prohibited to the individual States by the national constitution, and the spirit of that prohibition ought not to be disregarded by the Government of the United States. Though paper emissions, under a general authority, might have some advantages not applicable, and be free from some disadvantages which are applicable to the like emissions by the States, separately, yet they are of a nature so liable to abuse — and, it may...
Seite 513 - The only security against the abuse of this power is found in the structure of the government itself. In imposing a tax the legislature acts upon its constituents. This is, in general, a sufficient security against erroneous and oppressive taxation.