division,

to be the deputies or representatives of the same: which body of representatives . . shall, with the Governor and council [appointed by the Proprietors], . . be the General Assembly of the said Province, To enact and make all such laws

as shall be necessary for the well

government of the said Province.

66

"20

The Duke of York: No Assembly for New York Colony (Extracts from instructions to Governor Andros, 1675-1676). touching General Assemblyes wch ye people there seeme desirous of in imitacion of their neighbour Colonies, I thinke you have done well to discourage any mocion of the kind. Jan. 28, 1676. "I have formerly writt to you touching Assemblyes in those countreys and have since observed what severall of your lattest letters hint about that matter. But . . . I cannot but suspect they would be of dangerous consequence, nothing being more knowne then the aptness of such bodyes to assume to themselves many priviledges wch prove destructive to, or very oft disturbe, the peace of ye governm't wherein they are allowed. Neither doe I see any use of them wch is not as well provided for, whilest you and your Councell governe according to ye laws established [by the Proprietor].

" 21

b. Royalist Founding of Carolina Colony, 1663-1680:

King Charles the Second: A Grant of Carolina (1663). "Whereas our right trusty, and right well beloved Cousins and Counsellors, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, and George,

Duke of Albemarle, our right trusty and well beloved William Lord Craven [and others], . . . being excited with a laudable and pious zeal for the Propagation of the Christian Faith, and the Enlargement of our Empire and Dominions, have humbly besought leave .. to . . . make an ample colony of our subjects. . . in the parts of America not yet cultivated or planted. Know ye, therefore, that we do Give, Grant and Confirm unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon [and others] . . . all that territory . . . from

20. Wm. Macdonald, Select Charters, 141-143.

21. J. R. Brodhead, Documents N. Y., etc., III, 230, 235.

six and thirty degrees [to] one and thirty degrees of Northern Latitude. . . . And . . . license. . . to. found Churches . . . and to cause them to be dedicated according to the Ecclesiastical laws of our Kingdom of England. . . . And . . . we . . . do . . . incorporate the same into a Province, and call it the Province of Carolina and . . . do grant full and absolute power . . to them any laws whatsoever,

with the

to ordain assent . . . of the Freemen of the said Province . . . or of their Delegates, as to them shall seem best.

And because it may happen that some of the people cannot . . . conform to the publick exercise of religion, according to the . . . Church of England,

grant unto the said [Proprietors]

we do . .

full and free license

A Description of the Province of Carolina (Extract from an anonymous pamphlet, London, 1666). "Carolina is a fair and spacious Province on the Continent of America. There is seated in this Province two Colonies already, one on the River Roanoak . . . and borders on Virginia; the other at Cape Feare, two Degrees more Southerly. [In the latter] are in all about 800 persons, who have overcome all the difficulties that attend the first attempts, and have cleered the way for those that come after, who will find good houses to be in whilst their own are in building; good forts to secure them from their enemies. of the Privileges [there] are as follows. First, full and free Liberty of Conscience granted to all ondly, There is freedom from Custom, for all shall be raised in the Province for 7 years. Every Free-man

.

The chief
There is

Sec

that

Thirdly,

Ishall have for Himself, Wife, Children, and Men-servants . . . each 100 Acres of Land, . . . and for every Woman-servant and Slave 50 Acres.

.

Sixthly,

They are to choose annually from among themselves a certain Number of Men . . . which constitute the General Assembly

22. W. L. Saunders, Colonial Records of North Carolina, I, 20-33.

with the Governour and his Council, and have the sole power

of Making Laws, and Laying Taxes.
[in England] tormented . . . how.
shall do well to go to this place.

single Woman

the Golden Age .

years of Age, some for their Wives.

. . Such as are here

to gain a Livelyhood,

If any Maid or

go over, they will think themselves in ; for if they be but Civil, and under 50 honest Man or other, will purchase them

1923

appoynt Mr and did many

[On] information

Proprietors of Carolina: Lord Culpepper's Rebellion (From a report to Lords of Trade, Nov. 20, 1680). "Mr Thomas Miller without any legall authority gott possession of the government of the County of Albemarle in Carolina in the yeare 1677 and was for a tyme quyetly obeyed but doeing many illegall and arbitrary things and drinking often to excess and putting the people in generall by his threats and actions in great dread of their lives and estates and they as we suppose getting some knowledge that he had no legall authority tumultuously and disorderly imprison him and suddainly. Culpeper to receive the King's Customes other tumultuous and irregular things. of these disorders . . . we gott one Mr. Seth Sothel . . . to undertake the Government . . . but Mr. Southell in his voyage thither was taken by the Turks and carryed into Argiers. As soone as we heard of Mr Southell's misfortune we sent a Commission to one Mr Harvey to be Gov'r untill Mr Southel's arrival there ; these Commissions as we are informed were quyetly and cheerfully obeyed by the people. . . . And to prevent the like disorders for the future which hath been in great measure occasioned by factions and animosityes in which most or all of the Inhabitants have been engaged We are sending Capt. Wilkinson thither . . to examine into the past disorders . . . and doe equall justice to all partyes. . . .”24 c. Quaker Beginnings in New Jersey and Pennsylvania,

.

1676-1690:

...

George Fox: Persecution of the Quakers under Charles the Second (1660-1662). "There being about seven hundred

23. B. R. Carroll, Historical Collections of South Carolina, II, 10-11, 15-17. 24. W. L. Saunders, Colonial Records of North Carolina, I, 327-328.

Friends in prison, who had been committed under Oliver Cromwell and his son's Government, when the King came in [1660] he set them all at liberty. There seemed at that time an inclition and intention in the Government to grant Friends liberty. . . But when everything was going forward in order thereunto, some that would seem to be for us, threw something in the way to stop it. . . . [On] a sudden that wicked attempt of the Fifth monarchy-people [a "second coming of Christ" movement] broke out, and put the city [London] and nation in an uproar. Now the prisons everywhere were filled with Friends. We heard of several thousands of our Friends that were cast into prison in several parts of the nation.

"25

Quaker Desire to Locate in America (Josiah Cole to George Fox, November, 1660). "As concerning Friends buying a piece of land of the Susquehanna Indians I have spoken of it to them & told them what thou said concerning it; but their answer was, that there is no land that is habitable . . . till they come to or near the Susquehanna's Fort. . . .” 26 Quaker Purchase of West Jersey (Leiter of William Penn and others to those Proposing to Settle in West Jersey, September, 1676). “. . . It truly laid hard upon us, to let friends know how the matter stands. . . That there is such a province as New-Jersey. That the Duke of York sold it to

Lord Berkeley

One

half part

being the right of the said lord Berkeley, was sold by him to John Fenwich [a Quaker], in trust for Edward Byllinge [another Quaker]. . . . Upon this we became trustees for [this part] of the said province. And ... in whomsoever a desire is to be concerned in this intended plantation, such should weigh the thing before the Lord, and not headily or rashly conclude on any such remove ; and so we commend you all to the Lord, who is the watchmen of his Israel.

"27

West Jersey in 1680 (Letter of M. Stacy to W. Cook, June

25. H. S. Newman, Autobiography of George Fox, 193-195.

26. S. G. Fisher, Pennsylvania, Colony and Commonwealth, 2.

27. W. M. Whitehead, Documents relating to the Colonial History of New Jersey (Archives of New Jersey, ser. I), I, 231-235.

We

26, 1680). "This is a most brave place; whatever envy or evil spies may speak of it, I could wish you all here. have wanted nothing since we came hither, but the company of our good friends and acquaintance. I know not one among the people that desires to be in England again;

I wonder at our Yorkshire people, that they had rather live in servitude, and work hard all the year,

than

transport themselves to a place where, with the like pains, in two or three years, they might know better things.

"28

William Penn: Situation of the English Quakers in 1678 (Speech before Parliament, March 22, 1678). "Nay, some zealouts for the Protestant religion have been gone so far

" 29

after

as . . . to prosecute us for a sort of concealed Papists; and the truth is, what with one thing and what with another, we have been as the wool-sacks and common whipping-stock of the kingdom: all laws have been let loose against us. William Penn to Robet Turner (Apr. 5, 1681). many waitings, watchings, solicitings, and disputes in council, this day my country was confirmed to me . . . with large powers and privileges, by the name of Pennsylvania; a name the King would give it in honour of my father. I chose New Wales, being, as this, a pretty, hilly country. . . . I proposed, when the Secretary, a Welshman, refused to have it called New Wales, Sylvania, and they added Penn to it; and though I much opposed it, . . . the King . . . said it was past nor could twenty guineas move the under secretary to vary the name, for I feared lest it should be looked on as a vanity in me, and not as a respect in the King . . . to my father. . . It is a clear and just thing, and my God that has given it me through many difficulties, will, I believe, bless and make it the seed of a nation.

;

William Penn to the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania (April 8, 1681). “. . . you shall be governed by laws of your own making, and live a free, and if you will, a sober and industrious people. I shall not usurp the right of any, or oppress his person. God has furnished me with a better resolution, and has

28. Samuel Smith, History of Colony of New Jersey, 113-114.

29. S. M. Janney, Life of William Penn, 138.

30. S. M. Janney, Life of William Penn, 165-166.