the reader should consult a most elaborate Essay, to which this very word gave occasion, composed by the learned Granville Penn, Esq., and published in the Oriental Collections, Vol. J. (1797), under the title of “ Conjectures on the Egyptian Original of the Word Airp, and on its primitive Signification in Greece.” The author proves, with considerable ingenuity, that tipy was an ordinary and colloquial term for the sun in Egyptian ; that Lycophron industriously supplied his vocabulary, not only with obsoİete Greek words, but some that were current in the languages of neighboring nations, particularly Egypt; thus he uses EPTI for wine, Búpsv for a ship, &c.; lastly, that from some circumstances in the history of Lycophron, it may be reasonably conjectured that he had been in Egypt. Mr. Penn demonstrates the easy transition of high into néppe; and adds, that " although the form of néppa may not be found, as Canterus says, in any other author, I am yet inuch disposed to suspect that the same identical Egyptian word, under another form, has existed in the Greek language from very early times."—(Or. Coll. vol. 1. p. 142.) This leads him into a disquisition on the word tüp, and thence on Pyramid, interesting in a high degree to every antiquary and philologer. October 1818.

M. Y.

EGYPTIAN EMBALMERS.

Having for some years studied, with considerable attention, the antiquities of Egypt, endeavoring to illustrate them by a comparison of the classical accounts with the observations of modern travellers, I was much gratified when some numbers of this Journal offered to my perusal various communications bearing the name of Sir William Drummond, an author who always affords instruction and entertainment, and whose pages exhibit so many interesting proofs of erudition and ingenuity. I now more particularly allude to his Essay “ On the Science of the Egyptians and Chaldeans," the fourth part of which has just appeared in the thirty-fifth number of this work. He there (p. 13) condemns Diodorus Siculus as one who has most grossly misunderstood and misrepresented the mysterious mythology of the Egyptians," and who is not worthy of credit when he describes their manners and customs. “He tells us," says Sir William," that the em

• The prac

ܪ

balmer who was employed to open the body of a person deceased, in order to take out the intestines, was obliged to fly for his life from the presence of the relations and attendants, who assailed him with stones as soon as the operation was over.” tice of embalming," adds Sir William, “could hardly have been established for ages in a country where it was the custom to stone the embalmer." Nothwithstanding the evident justness of this reflection, we find that a similar inconsistency prevails among the present inhabitants of a place very distant from Egypt. A traveller who visited Persia about eighteen years ago, having noticed a town called Dires, in past ages of considerable extent and magnificence, but now fallen to decay, informs us, that—"A few scattered hovels still insult its former splendor; and the people preserve the singular custom of not permitting a Moordu-Sho (a washer of dead bodies) either to inhabit or enter their village without being required. Whenever a person dies, they send to Kazroon for a Moordu-Sho; and the instant he has performed his duty, they drive him away with stones and sticks; conceiving, that if they hold any intercourse with him, they will soon, thenselves, require his good offices.”+(See “A Tour to Sheeraz by Edward Scott Waring, Esq.,” p. 21, Lond. 1807.) A different reason, however, is assigned by Diodorus Siculus (lib. i.) for the persecution of that operator called Paraschistes, among the ancient Egyptians. They regard,” says the historian, worthy of hatred, whatsoever person wounds or offers any injury to a body of the same nature as his own:” υπολαμβάνουσι γαρ μισητόν είναι πάντα τον ομοφύλω σώματι βίαν προσφέροντα και τραύματα ποιούντα, και καθόλου τι κακόν απεργαζόμενον. 1ιηust also observe, that Diodorus marks a very strong distinction between this Nagaoxiorns, the odious dissector, who actually cut the flesh with an Æthiopian stone, and the tæpixeutas, or embalmer, whose office was to anoint the body with oil of cedar, and to season it with precious spices of various kinds. “This person,” says Diodorus, “they held in high honor and respect; for he was admitted to familiar intercourse with the priests, and might freely enter the temples as a man of Sacred character.” Οι ταρίχευται δε καλούμενοι πάσης μέν τιμής και

. πολυωρίας, άξιούνται τους δε ιερεύσι συνόντες και τας εις Ιερον εισόδους ακολύτας ως ιεροί ποιούνται. I do not venture to insinuate that the custom above-mentioned by Mr. Scott Waring may be a vestige of ancient einbalming. We know, on the authority of Herodotus, Strabo, Cicero, Justin, Procopius, Agathias, and others, that the Persians in early ages most commonly exposed their dead, and did not inter the bones until they had been denuded of flesh by birds and beasts; and such is the practice of their descendants,

as

the present Gabrs and Parsis, the fire-worshippers of Persia and
of India. Yet an antiquarian Orientalist of my acquaintance,
who has himself visited those countries, entertains an opinion that
among the ancient Persians, human bodies were occasionally
embalmed; and on this subject he has collected from Eastern
manuscripts, and other sources, many curious anecdotes, which, on
a future occasion, he will offer to the public.
October, 1818.

P. D.V.

DE CARMINIBUS ARISTOPHANIS

COMMENTARIUS

AUCTORE G. B.

PARS VI.-(Vid. No. XXXI. p. 43.]

1

In Præfatione ad Horatium suum. Bentleius (non sige dolore quodam, ut opinor) confessus est longe longeque difficilius esse hodie, quam in annis superioribus, emendationes conscribere. Hane sententiam esse unice veram is quoque fatebitur, qui ad Aristophanis cantus accesserit perpoliendi causa.

Quantillum etenim spicilegium sibi relictum esse queretur. Dialogis vero extra Choros messem quidem largam esse, in qua ingenium peracutum et assiduum laborem non sine laude integra exerceat, illi contidenter promilto. Specimen exiguum emendationum mearum dedi in Class. Journ. No. XXXI. p. 37. multo plenius alio tempore daturus. Sed opperiri in animo est, donec Reisigius, aliique e Germanis nova subsidia comparaverint e libris MSS. vel ingenio collecta. Et cum nihil restet, quod alii conferre possint, tunc meum erit Çős ávéATITOY prætendere. Interim satius est Commentario finem imponere percurrendo tres fabulas, quarum cantus sunt facillime expediendi. In Pace exstat 114, 5. OTP 116, 7. αντιστρ.

Inter hæc lege aporetwyfu': pon éuè ob hia118 et sqq. én adós

tuin metrumque. 346 et sqq., otp. Ita Hermann. de Metr. p. 362. ed. 1. 385 et sqq. artistp. S

.

. }

581 et sqq.

στρ. β'.

16

Ιta Herrmann. de Metr. p. 290. ed. 1. lege in 459 et sqq. στο: 486 et sqq. αντιστρ. in 496.

469. "Αγε τούτο συνέλκετε και σφώ : et dele ως 519 et sqq. αγε νύν

Vulgo επεντείνωμεν. Αt sepe έτι cum αγε πάς:

comparativis jungitur. Cf. Av. 370. μή νύν ανώμεν, αλλ' έτ' εν-ζProm.986. Ρers. 438. Soph. ΕΙ. 189. τείνωμεν ανδρικώτερον. Antig. 64. Ed. Τ. 272. Εccl. 1078. και μήν ομού 'στιν ήδη Thesm. 467. κομψότερον έτι: unde in

ήδη 'στι τούτ' εκείνο. Αν. 195. Μη 'γω νόημα κομψότερον ήκουσά πω. legi poterat ήκουσ' έτι: at έτι in tali formula potius de futuris quam de præteritis usurpatur.

στρ.
α..

αντιστρ. α'. ώ χαίρε χαίρε φίλταθ”, ως μόνη γαρ ημάς ωφελείς. άσμένοισιν ημίν ήλθες:

ήσθα και μέγιστον ημίν σω γαρ εδάμημεν πόθω, κέρδος, ώ ποθουμένη δαίμονα βουλόμενοι

πάσι γεωργικών όσεις άγρον ανερπύσαι. 5 οι βίον ετρίβομεν.

10

αντιστρ. β'. πολλά γαρ επάσχομεν 11' ώστε σε τά τ' αμπέλια, πρίν ποτ' επί σου γλυκέα και τα νέα συκίδια κάδάπανα: τοϊς δ' αγροίκ- τάλλα θ', όσ' άρ' έστι, φύτα οις κεχαρί

προσγελάσεσαι χίδρα σά και τέρενα. ται συλλαβόντ’ άσμενα σε. V.6. Vulgo exstat post ετρίβομεν. V. 12. Malim από σου. ν. 14. Vulgo και φίλα τοις αγροίκοισιν γαρ ήσθα: at e και γαρ ης erui κεχαρίσαι : cujus gl. est ήσθα φίλα ν. 15. Ε και σωτήρια effeci σα και τέρενα. Est că pro cña. Eustath. IX. N.p.940. et Philemon Lex. V. Ewos citant ex Aristophane Η μάζη γαρ σα και τα κρέα χω κάραβος. V. 18. Vulgo όσα γ. De άρ' έστι. vid. ad Τhesm. In Class. Journ. No. ΧΧVΙΙ. p. 234. V. 20. Vulgo σε λαβόντ’ άσμενα. Dedi συλλαβόντ' -σε, In Eq. 1990. pro συ λάβης corrigit Bentl. συλλάβης. Sed in his mihi non usquequaque satisfacio. 775 et sqq. στρ. Ιta in Kust.

. 797 et sqq. αντιστρ. 5

. αντιστρ. 918, 9. Unum versum eficit Bentl. recte. lege tanien Πολλών γαρ

υμίν Αθμονεύς άξιος εγω Τρυγαίος. Βrunckius quoque Αθμονεύς, 939 et sqq.

ΧΟ. ως πάνθ', ός αν θεός θέληγε χή τύχη κατορθοϊ–
ΤΡ, ως πάντα δήλ' άρ' εσθ'. ο γαρ βωμός θύρηση και δή.
ΧΟ. έπειγ' εν όσω νυν σοβαρά θεόθεν

μετατροπος αυρα κατέχει πολέμου

856 et sqq. a .} Ita in Schol.

:

νύν γαρ δαίμων φανερώς άγαθ' άματα θείς βάζει

5 “ χώρει κατά πλούν έτερον δ' ετέρω τα θεών επιπνεί.” V. 1. Vulgo δήλά γ' εσθ' : dedi δήλ’ άρ : vid. paulo Supra.

V. 5. Vulgo εις αγαθα μεταβιβάζει. Ιnde erui θεις αγαθ' άματα βάζει. Εtenim θ excidit oth : mox άματα est ήματα dies: dein perιnutantur βιβάζει et βαδίζει in Αν. 1680. Ηic vero βάζει δαίμων dicitur

Av. . ut καιρός καλεί in Phil. 466. ακμή καλεί in Ηec. 1042. υocat Auster in alium apud Virgiliunt : neque distat Ach. 198. Αι σπονδαι-'Εν τω στόματι λέγουσι « βαϊν' όπου θέλεις και μη πιτήρει σίτι' ημερών τριών. Sic enim legi debet is locus. V. 6. Vulgo exstat post v. 2. xwpei κατά νούν έτερον δ' ετέρω τούτων κατά καιρόν. At κατά καιρον est gl. pro κατά πλούν. Cf. Tro. 102. Πλεί κατά πορθμόν Ιλ. Α. 483. Η δ' έθεεν κατά κύμα. Εφ. 433. κατά κύμ' –ούριον Philoct. 1446. sic legendus Οδ' επείγει γαρ Καιρός και πλούς κατά πρύμναν. Τrach. 467. Ρείτω κατ' ουρον et S. C. Τh. 687.'Ιτω κατ' ουρον. at in utroque loco lege κατά ρούν. Μox τα θεών erui e τούτων. Ιdem erratum emendavi in Βacch. 323. Vid. Class. Journ. No. Ι. p. 30. De τα θεών pro οι θεοί: vid. Blomfield. Pers. I. Denique επιπνεί dedi pro

: . . 1. απατά. Cf. Hipp. 573. Δεινα γαρ τα πάντ' έπιπνεϊ. scil. Κύπρις. Euripidea ridet Comicus. Cf. Ipp. Α. 1325. Ζευς δ' άλλάσσων αύραν άλλοις άλλαν λαίφεσι. Sic enim emendavi ad Tro. 101. 950 et sqq.

ουκούν άμιλλήσεσθον, ως V. 2. Ιta Bentl. V. 6. Vulgo προσδώο Χαϊρις, ήν υμάς ίδη, σετε δήπου. Istitud δήπου est ineptum. πρόσεισιν αυλήσων άκλητ- (Reposui άντ' όψου, τοδί. Quo dicto ος, κάτα τούτ' εν οίδα, το Chorus pugnos in pugnam aptat. Cf. φυσώντι και πονουμένω Pac. 122. εξετ' εν ώρα Κολλύραν μεγάπροσδώσετ', άντ' όψου, τοδί. λην και κόνδυλον όψον επ' αυτή. Ubi

Schol. citat το λεγόμενον. Ει δ' οίνον αιτεί κόνδυλον αυτώ δός. Αt Suid. in Κόνδυλον habet 'Αριστοφανής "Ην ο παίς οίνον αιτή, κόνδυλον αυτώ δίδου. lege igitur. Ει δ' οίνον αιτεί παίς, δος αυτό κόνδυλον: cui similem versum excitat Fl. Chr. ex Εustathio 'Aρτον δος πτωχό και κόνδυλον όψον επ' αυτω. Hinc corrige et intellige Vesp. 1546. ubi postquam Philoclem dixerat 'Απολώ γαρ αυτόν, αμελία δούς κόνδυλον (sic enim legebat Scliol. ut patet ex verbis ejus Δίδωμι αυτω κόνδυλον και απολώ αυτόν) nnox subdit Νή Δι όψώνηκ' άρα : at dicere debuit όψον ήκ' άρα : quo dicto, Carcini filium pugnis contundit. De ήκειν in hac re, Vid. Valck. ad Phæn. 196. 1023 et sqg: σέ τοι θύρησιν χρη

Rav. μένοντά τοι νύν σχμένοντα τας σχίζας

Ipse võv trajeci in v. 3. et δευgί τιθέναι ταχέως νύν

S

του 10 τας mutavi. τα τε πρόσφορ' απαντεπί τούτοις.