especially as it appeared to us, who were none of us much acquainted with mufic as a science, to be fung in parts; it was at least sung by many

voicés at the fame time.

They have fonorous inftruments, but they can scarcely be called inftruments of mufic; one is the fhell, called the Triton's trumpet, with which they make a noise not unlike that which our boys fometimes make with a cow's horn: the other is a small wooden pipe, resembling a child's nine-pin, only much smaller, and in this there is no more mufic than in a pea-whistle. They seem fenfible indeed that these instruments are not mufical; for we never heard an attempt to fing to them, or to produce with them any measured tones that bore the least resemblance to a tune.

To what has been already said of the practice of eating human flesh, I fhall only add, that in almost every cove where we landed, we found flesh bones of men near the places where fires had been made; and that among the heads that were brought on board by the old man, fome feemed to have false eyes, and ornaments in their ears as if alive. That which Mr. Banks bought was fold with great reluctance by the poffeffor the head was manifeftly that of a young perfon about fourteen or fifteen years of age, and by the contufions on one fide appeared to have received many violent blows, and inVOL. III. Dd

deed

1770. March.

deed a part of the bone near the eye was wanting. These appearances confirmed us in the opinion that the natives of this country give no quarter, nor take any prisoners to be killed and eaten at a future time, as is faid to have been a practice among the Indians of Florida: for if prisoners had been taken, this poor young creature, who cannot be fuppofed capable of making much refiftance, would probably have been one, and we knew that he was killed with the reft, for the fray had happened but a few days before.

The towns or Hippahs of these people, which are all fortified, have been fufficiently described already, and from the Bay of Plenty to Queen Charlotte's Sound they seem to be the constant refidence of the people: but about Poverty Bay, Hawke's Bay, Tegadoo, and Tolaga, we saw no Hippahs, but fingle houses scattered at a diftance from each other; yet upon the fides of the hills there were ftages of a great length, furnished with ftones and darts, probably as re-. treats for the people at the last extremity, as upon these stages a fight may be carried on with much advantage against those below, who may be reached with great effect by darts and stones, which it is impoffible for them to throw up with equal force. And indeed the forts themselves feem to be no farther ferviceable than by enabling the poffeffors to reprefs a fudden attack; for as

there

there is no fupply of water within the lines, it would be impoffible to fuftain a fiege. A confiderable stock of fern-root and dry-fish is indeed laid up in them; but they may be reserved against seasons of fcarcity, and that fuch feafons there are, our obfervations left us no room to doubt; befides, while an enemy fhould be prowling in the neighbourhood, it would be eafy to fnatch a supply of water from the fide of the hill, though it would be impoffible to dig up fern root or catch fish.

In this district, however, the people feemed to live in a state of confcious fecurity, and to avail themselves of their advantage: their plantations were more numerous, their canoes were more decorated, and they had not only finer carving, but finer clothes. This part of the coast also was much the most populous, and poffibly their apparent peace and plenty might arise from their being united under one Chief, or King; for the inhabitants of all this part of the country told us, that they were the fubjects of Teratu: when they pointed to the refidence of this Prince, it was in a direction which we thought inland; but which, when we knew the country better, we found to be the Bay of Plenty.

1770. March.

ment.

It is much to be regretted that we were oblig- Governed to leave this country without knowing any thing of Teratu but his name. As an Indian monarch, his territory is certainly extenfive:

1770. March.

he was acknowledged from Cape Kidnappers to the northward, and weftward as far as the Bay of Plenty, a length of coast upwards of eighty leagues; and we do not yet know how much farther weftward his dominions may extend. Poffibly the fortified towns which we faw in the Bay of Plenty may be his barrier; especially as at Mercury Bay he was not acknowledged, nor indeed any other fingle Chief: for wherever we landed, or spoke with the people upon that coaft, they told us that we were at but a small distance from their enemies.

In the dominions of Teratu we saw several fubordinate Chiefs, to whom great respect was paid, and by whom juftice was probably administered; for upon our complaint to one of them, of a theft that had been committed on board the ship by a man that came with him, he gave him feveral blows and kicks, which the other received as the chastisement of authority, against which no resistance was to be made, and which he had no right to resent. Whether this authority was poffeffed by appointment or inheritance we could not learn; but we obferved that the Chiefs, as well here as in other parts, were elderly men. In other parts, however, we learnt that they poffeffed their authority by inherit

ance.

The little focieties which we found in the fouthern parts feemed to have several things in

common,

common, particularly their fine clothes and fishing nets. Their fine clothes, which poffibly might be the spoils of war, were kept in a small hut, which was erected for that purpose in the middle of the town: the nets we faw making in almost every house, and the feveral parts being afterwards collected were joined together. Lefs account seems to be made of the women here than in the South Sea iflands; fuch at least was the opinion of Tupia, who complained of it as an indignity to the fex. We observed that the two fexes eat together; but how they divide their labour we do not certainly know. I am inclined to believe that the men till the ground, make nets, catch birds, and go out in their boats to fifh; and that the women dig up fern roots, collect lobsters and other fhell fish near the beach, dress the victuals, and weave cloth : fuch at least were their employments when we had an opportunity of obferving them, which was but feldom; for in general our appearance made a holiday wherever we went, men, women, and children, flocking round us, either to gratify their curiofity, or to purchase fome of the valuable merchandise which we carried about with us, confifting principally of nails, paper, and broken glass.

1770.

March.

Of the religion of thefe people it cannot be Religion. supposed that we could learn much; they acknowledge the influence of fuperior beings, one

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of