October. 1769. with great fpirit, as an infringement of the common rights of mankind, and made a vigorous Saturd, 21. ftruggle against its being carried into execution. Every clafs devifed fome objection against it, but the phyficians bid the faireft to interest the king in the preservation of the ancient privileges of his people; for they remonftrated that if the filth was not, as ufual, thrown into the ftreets, a fatal fickness would probably enfue, becaufe the putrefcent particles of the air, which fuch filth attracted, would then be imbibed by the human body. But this expedient, with every other that could be thought of, proved unfuc cefsful, and the popular difcontent then ran fo high that it was very near producing an infurrection; his majefty, however, at length prevailed, and Madrid is now as clear as moft of the confiderable cities in Europe. But many of the citizens, probably upon the principles advanced by their phyficians, that heaps of filth prevent deleterious particles of air from fixing upon neighbouring fubftances, have, to keep their food wholesome, constructed their privies by the kitchen fire. In the evening, all our boats being employed in carrying the water on board, and Mr. Banks and his company finding it probable that they fhould be left on fhore after it was dark, which much time would be loft, which they were impatient to employ in putting the plants they October. Saturd, 21. they had gathered in order, they applied to the 1769. Indians for a paffage in one of their canoes: they immediately confented, and a canoe was launched for their ufe. They went all on board, being eight in number, but not being ufed to a veffel that required fo even a balance, they unfortunately overfet her in the furf: no life however was loft, but it was thought advisable that half of them fhould wait for another turn. Mr. Banks, Dr. Solander, Tupia, and Tayeto embarked again, and without any farther accident arrived fafely at the fhip, well pleased with the good-nature of their Indian friends, who cheerfully undertook to carry them a fecond time, after having experienced how unfit a freight they were for such a veffel. While these gentlemen were on fhore, several of the natives went off to the ship, and trafficked, by exchanging their cloth for that of Otaheite : of this barter they were for fome time very fond, preferring the Indian cloth to that of Europe: but before night it decreafed in its value five hundred per cent. Many of these Indians I took on board, and fhewed them the fhip and her apparatus, at which they expreffed equal fatisfaction and astonishment. As I found it exceedingly difficult to get water on board on account of the furf, I determined to stay no longer at this place; on the VOL. III. Q next 1769. October. Sunday 22. next morning therefore, about five o'clock, I weighed anchor and put to fea. This bay, which is called by the natives. TEGADOO, lies in the latitude of 38° 10' S.; but as it has nothing to recommend it, a description of it is unneceffary. From this bay I intended to stand on to the northward, but the wind being right against me, I could make no way. While I was beating about to windward, fome of the natives came on board, and told me, that in a bay which lay a little to the fouthward, being the fame that I could not fetch the day I put into Tegadoo, there was excellent water, where the boats might land without a furf. I thought it better therefore to put into this bay, where I might complete my water, and form farther connexions with the Indians, than to keep the fea. With this view I bore up for it, and sent in two boats, manned and armed, to examine the watering place, who confirming the report of the Indians at their return, I came to an anchor about one o'clock, in eleven fathom water, with a fine fandy bottom, the north point of the bay N. by E. and the fouth point S. E. The watering-place, which was in a small cove a little within the fouth point of the bay, bore S. by E. diftant about a mile. Many canoes came immediately off from the fhore, and all traded very honeftly October. honestly for Otaheite cloth and glass bottles, of 1769. which they were immoderately fond. In the afternoon of the 23d, as foon as the Monday 23. fhip was moored, I went on fhore to examine the watering-place, accompanied by Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander: the boat landed in the cove, without the leaft furf; the water was excellent, and conveniently fituated; there was plenty of wood close to high-water mark, and the difpofition of the people was in every respect fuch as we could wish. Having, with Mr. Green, taken feveral obfervations of the fun and moon, the mean refult of them gave 180° 47′ W. longitude; but, as all the observations made before exceeded these, I have laid down the coaft from the mean of the whole. At noon, I took the fun's meridian altitude with an aftronomical quadrant, which was set up at the watering-place, and found the latitude to be 38° 22′ 24′′. On the 24th, early in the morning, I fent Tuesday 24. Lieutenant Gore on fhore, to fuperintend the cutting of wood and filling of water, with a sufficient number of men for both purposes, and all the marines as a guard. After breakfast, I went on fhore myself, and continued there the whole day. Mr. Banks and Dr. Solander alfo went on fhore to gather plants, and in their walks faw feveral things worthy of notice. They met with 1769. October. ук many houses in the vallies that feemed to be wholly deferted, the people living on the ridges Tuesday 24 of the hills in a kind of fheds very flightly built. As they were advancing in one of these vallies, the hills on each fide of which were very fteep, they were suddenly struck with the fight of a very extraordinary natural curiofity. It was a rock, perforated through its whole fubftance, fo as to form a rude but ftupendous arch or cavern, opening directly to the fea; this aperture was seventy-five feet long, twenty-feven broad, and five and forty high, commanding a view of the bay and the hills on the other fide, which were feen through it,, and, opening at once upon the view, produced an effect far fuperior to any of the contrivances of art.. As they were returning to the watering-place in the evening, they met an old man, who detained them fome time by fhewing them the military exercises of the country with the lance and Patoo-Patoo, which are all the weapons in ufe. The lance is from ten to fourteen feet long, made of a very hard wood, and sharp at both ends: the Patoo-Patoo has been defcribed already, it is about a foot long, made of Talc or bone, with sharp edges, and used as a battle-axe. A poft or stake was fet up as his enemy, to which he advanced with a most furious afpect, brandishing his lance, which he grasped with great firmness; when it was fuppofed to have |