= - tem brevia Syrtium. See on v. 61. These were probably the well known Syrtis Major and Syrtis Minor, on the coast of Africa, southeast of Carthage, IV. 41; though most of the commentators (for what reasons they do not see fit to tell us) refer them to other shoals. Miserabile. Gr. 438. 3. A. & S. 205, R. 8. Visu. Gr. 570 and 1. A. & S. 276. III. — 113. Oronten; a name invented by Virgil. Cf. VI. 334. Gr. 93. 3. A. & S. 8o. IV. — 114. Ipsius; i. e. Aeneas. A vertice. See on G. II. 310. Pontus = fluctus; as we speak of 'shipping a heavy sea. "-115. In puppim; like in latus, v. 82. Gr. 85. III. 3. A. & S. 79. 3. Excutitur is knocked off. Magister = gubernator. Compare VI. 353 with 337. — 117. Agens forcing, impelling. — 118. Rari nantes; with reference to vasto. -119. Tabulae = planks, boards; i. e. of such fragile parts as the benches of the rowers, pilot-house, aplustre, etc.; for we must not suppose the vessel to have gone to pieces. Per undas = all over the water emphatic, and in direct contrast with rari in gurgite vasto. 120. The names of Ilioneus and Abas are from Homer, but the persons are different, both being killed in Hom. Achatae; Aeneas's most faithful friend and companion. – 121. Aletes; a fictitious name, like Orontes and many others found in the Aeneid. - 122. Vicit. The ship of Orontes alone was wholly lost. Hiems pestas. Cf. v. 125. Compagibus. Gr. 431. A. & S. 257, R. 7 (a). aquam. Rimis. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. - 124. Magno murmure. Cf. IV. 160. Misceri... emissam. Notice the change of tense from incomplete to completed action. ·125. Imis . . . vadis, the same as a sedibus imis, v. 84. Gr. 422. 2. A. & S. 255, R. 3. (ẻ). — 126. Stagna refusa = the waters had been poured back, worked up; i. e. from the bottom. Graviter commotus much disturbed; a state of feeling not inconsistent with the placidum caput of the next verse. Alto prospiciens=looking out over the sea; i. e. in order to discover the cause of the disturbance in his realm. Alto is not the point from which the view is taken, nor the object viewed, but the field of view, the tract of space over which Neptune looked. Gr. 379. 5. A. & S. 225. IV. R. 2. 127. Summa. Gr. 441. 6. A. & S. 205, R. 17. Placidum; as becoming the dignity of the sea-god, and as contributing to the restoration of order and tranquillity.—129. Coelique ruina = by the downfall of the sky. See on G. I. 324. — 130. Fratrem; Neptune. Gr. 371. 3. A. & S. 223, R. 2 (1) (a). — 131. Eurum... Zephyrum; here used to represent all the winds. Dehinc. Gr. 669. II. A. & S. 306. 1 and (2). — 132. Generis... fiducia vestri = confidence in your race; i. e. in your semi-divine origin, as the sons of the Titan Astraeus and Aurora. 133. Jam = has it come to this, that. Coelum terramque... miscere, a proverbial expression for uni 123. Imbrem -- = = versal confusion. See another form of it, V. 790, 791. Numine: nutu, nod, assent. 134. Moles (sc. aquarum); i. e. fluctus. 135. Quos ego. Gr. 704. I. 3. A. & S. 324. 33. 136. Post= another time. Non; with simili.—138. Saevum == = stern; because the badge of stern authority. —139. Sorte. See on Ov. M. V. 368. Tenet ille; i. e. his province is. Immania-domos; referring not exclusively to the cave of the winds, but generally to the wild, rocky Aeolia, where the winds had their home, where the cave of the winds was. -140. Vestras; referring to the whole company, though only one is named. Illa...in aula. Illa plainly refers aula to immania saxa and vestras domos; therefore the aula (or court), in which Aeolus is here told to display his power (se jactet), is neither the celsa arx of v. 56, nor "the cavern of the winds," but simply the country of Aeolia. - 141. Clauso carcere. Gr. 431. A. & S. 257. Clauso is emphatic. Let him close the prison of the winds, and then let him reign absolute. This is Henry's interpretation, and just the opposite of the common one, viz. let him reign absolute in the closed prison of the winds; but it is preferred for three reasons: Ist, the command thus interpreted is compatible with the dignity of Neptune; 2d, imperatively required by the circumstances of the case; 3d, in perfect harmony with the delegated authority of Aeolus, who might be as despotic as he pleased among the immania saxa of Aeolia, provided only he did not open or shut the prison of the winds without orders: cf. jussus, v. 63. — 142. Dicto citius; i. e. before he had done his speech. Gr. 417. 6. A. & S. 256, R. 9. Cymothoe; a Nereid. See on E. V. 75. Triton. See on Ov. M. I. 333. Adnixus. Gr. 439. A. & S. 205, R. 2, Ex. — 145. Naves. See v. 108. Scopulo. Gr. 421. I. A. & S. 242. Levat; i. e. so that they may float off the rock. — 146. Vastas aperit; i. e. so that the ships (v. 110) may get out. These words are explained by v. 112, aggere cingit arenae. The ships are surrounded by the sandbank on all sides. 147. Rotis... levibus; i. e. celeri curru. Cf. V. 819. 144. -148-156. This simile is remarkable as an illustration of Nature from man, the reverse of which is the general rule in Virg. as in Homer. The image was no doubt suggested by the riots in the Roman forum during the political contests of the later republic. It is an instance of a simile where the construction of the sentence is fully drawn out. Ac couples the whole with what has gone before. The apodosis to veluti is sic (v. 154); that to quum would seem to be tum (v. 151), as it is there that the point of the simile is introduced. — 148. Magno in populo in a concourse of people. Quum saepe quum, ut saepe fit. —149. Animis. Gr. 429. A. & S. 250. I. - 150. Faces, to fire buildings with, were regular arms of a Roman mob. – 151. Pietate; general discharge of duty. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1. Meritis; services to the state. 152. Adstant. Here and in II. 303, ad expresses attention.-154. Cecidit...flectit. For the tenses see on E. I. 31. Postquam as soon as. —155, Genitor, like pater, when thus applied, is simply a title of honor. See on G. II. 4. Aperto; i. e. cleared of clouds. 156. Curru. Gr. 384 and II. A. & S. 223. Secundo -easy-gliding; from sequi, to follow. 157. Aeneadae. Gr. 316 and 3. A. & S. 100. I and (3). Quae litora. See on quae semper, E. I. 54, and quae forma pulcherrima, v. 72. The relative supplies the want of an article. Cursu= rapide. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2. —158. Libyae. See on v. 22.- -159. Probably an imaginary description, though some have endeavored to identify the spot. In secessu longo = in a deep recess. Cf. III. 229. —160. Objectu laterum = objectis lateribus, by the shelter (lit. opposition) of its sides. - 161. Inque – reductos = and parts into the deep hollows of the shore. Cf. G. IV. 420. —162. Hinc ... hinc; i. e. on the mainland, two promontories of which form the headlands of the harbor. Vastae rupes may be taken as the line of cliffs, and scopuli as the peaks at its extremities. = tower. Gemini implies likeness. Cf. III. 535. Minantur: 164. Tuta seems to include the two notions, protected from the wind and safe for ships. Silvis scena coruscis =a background of waving woods. Scena was the wall which closed the stage behind; here it is that which closes the view. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. 165. Horrenti = rough, shaggy. Umbra. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1.—166. Fronte sub adversa; i. e. at the head of the cove, under the front of the cliffs facing the entrance of the harbor. Scopulis. Gr. 428. A. & S. 211, R. 6. So saxo in next verse. 167. Dulces; of fresh water. G. II. 243. Vivo; not hewn, but natural, and as it were growing. See on G. II. 469. — 169. Unco...morsu; with alligat, as dente tenaci in the parallel passage, VI. 3, with fundabat. -170. Septem; i. e. three from the reef, three from the sandbank, and his own. 171. Amore = desiderio. Gr. 414 and 3. A. & S. 247 and 2.— –172. Arena. Gr. 419. I. A. & S. 245. I. Cf. tellure potiti, III. 278.-173. Sale. See on v. 35.-174. Silici. Gr. 386. 2. A. & S. 224, R. 2.— -175. Succepit caught and kept alive. Foliis. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247 and 3.-176. Nutrimenta; the same as foliis ; i. e. additional nutriment placed around it to increase it sufficiently for the application of the kindling-wood (fomite). Rapuit quickly kindled. The whole passage describes minutely the different steps in the process of making a fire by means of a flint. — 177. Cererem; for frumentum. Cerealia arma; i. e. the hand-mill and the kneading-trough. See on G. I. 160.—178. Rerum=with_misfortunes. Gr. 399. 3. 4). A. & S. 213, R. 2. Receptas saved; i. e. from the sea. 179. = = = Saxo; Torrere. See on G. I. 267. = probably the mola, or handA. & S. 222, R. 8. See on A. & S. So. III. Si quem = sicubi. See on quo numine laeso, v. 8, and E. I. 54. Si = in the hope that. - 182. Phrygias Trojanas, Troy being included in Phrygia Minor. Biremes; for ships in general. It is an anachronism to speak of biremes, or, as in V. 119, of triremes, in the Homeric age, as they were not invented till about B. C. 700.-183. Capyn. Gr. 93. 4. A. & S. 80. II. Arma; to be taken in its strict sense. -185. Errantes. See on E. I. 9. Armenta, though strictly used of oxen, is applied, III. 540, to horses, and by Pliny, 7. 2, to apes. 189. Ferentes implies conscious dignity, as in v. 503. · 190. Cornibus; with alta. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1. Arboreis. Cf. E. VII. 30. The antlers denote the age and size of the stags.—191. Miscet; i. e. breaks up the array (agmen). Telis ; with agens, as in IV. 71. -192. Victor continues the imagery of a battle. –193. Fundat.. aequet. Gr. 523. II. and 1. A. & S. 263. 3. Humi. Gr. 424. 2. A. & S. 221, R. 3, -194. Hinc then, thereupon. 195. Deinde. The order is deinde dividit vina quae, &c. Cadis onerarat had stowed in casks; instead of the usual construction, onerarat cados vinis. Gr. 704. III. and 2. A. & S. 323. 4 and (3). Cf. III. 465; VIII. 180, onerantque canistris Dona. Cadis. Gr. 379. 5. A. & S. 225. IV. R. 2. Acestes was a king of Sicily, who assisted Priam in the Trojan war, and who afterwards kindly entertained Aeneas when he landed upon the coast of Sicily. He was the son of a Trojan woman.-196. Trinacrio. See on Ov. M. V. 347. Heros. Gr. 363. A. & S. 204. — 198. Ante malorum= praeteritorum malorum. Gr. 583 and 2. A. & S. 205, R. 11 (6). Gossrau and Con. prefer to join ante with sumus, making it correspond to the idiom záλai čoμev.—199. O passi graviora. Cf. Hor. C. I. 7. 30. — 200. Rabiem... sonantes; referring to the dogs with which Scylla is encircled in Virg. Cf. III. 432. Scylla and Charybdis are the names of two rocks between Italy and Sicily, and only a short distance from one another. In the midst of one of these rocks which was nearest to Italy, there dwelt, according to Homer, Scylla, a daughter of Crataeis, a fearful monster, barking like a dog, with twelve feet, and six long necks and mouths, each of which contained three rows of sharp teeth. The opposite rock, which was much lower, contained an immense fig-tree, under which there dwelt Charybdis, who thrice every day swallowed down the waters of the sea, and thrice threw them up again. Both were formidable to the ships which had to pass between them. Virgil, in his representation of them, differs from Homer in a few particulars. Penitus; i. e. through their caverns. -201. Accestis. Gr. 234. 3. A. & S. 162. 7 (c). - = Cyclopia saxa. See on G. I. 471. They did not actually enter the cave of the Cyclops, but landed on the shore, and so may be said to have known it. So they did not actually pass Scylla, but they came near enough to be in danger. — 204. Discrimina rerum= res periculosas. — 206. Ostendunt = praedicunt, promittunt. Fas. Esse fas dicuntur ea, quae fatis volentibus et oraculorum monitu fiunt. – 207. Durate hold out. Cf. G. II. 295. — 208. Curis. Gr. 414 and 2. A. & S. 247 and 1. -209. Vultu. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247 and 3. Premit: holds concealed. Cf. IV. 332, where it has more force.-210. Se... accingunt; alluding to the custom of wearing long flowing garments, which it was necessary to gird up close, when there was work to be done; hence se accingere comes to signify to prepare for work. 212. Secant; sc. viscera. Gr. 461 and I. A. & S. 209, R. 11. Veribus; pierce with, not stick on, spits. Gr. 414 and 4. A. & S. 247 and 3. Trementia (i. e. still quivering) shows their eagerness. — 213. Aëna; probably for bathing before the meal, according to the custom of the ancients. 214. Fusi = stretched. 215. Implentur they fill themselves; like the Greek middle voice. See on II. 383. Bacchi. Gr. 410. 7. 2). A. & S. 220. 3. See on E. V. 69. Ferinae; sc. carnis. Gr. 441. 3. A. & S. 205, R. 7 (1). — 216. Mensae remotae is not appropriate to this occasion, but is the general phrase for concluding a Roman meal.217. Requirunt = they utter their regret for. — 218. Seu ...sive, a poetic form for utrum . . . an. Credant. Gr. 525. A. & S. 265.219. Extrema pati. It is not necessary to limit the meaning of extrema actually to the crisis of death, as in that case passos esse would be required here. The expression rather implies death as a continuing state, = to be lost, to be dead. Nec vocatos and no longer hear (when) called. Wch. distinguishes between the conclamatio which took place at the moment of death and the inclamatio which took place after the burial, and of which we have instances in III. 68, VI. 231, 506; and he thinks that the first is referred to here, on the ground that the Manes were supposed to hear the inclamatio. Henry may be right in going further, and supposing the words to mean that the conclamatio, which, as he observes, was originally a means of ascertaining whether a person was really dead, actually takes place. 220. Cf. VI. 176. Oronti. Gr. 69, Ex. A. & S. 73, R. – 221. Secum; so as not to sadden and dispirit his companions. See v. 209. Cf. v. 50. -223. Et jam = and now at last. Cf. jamque, III. 135. Finis; i. e. of the longus sermo. Aethere. Gr. 421. I. A. & S. 242. 224. Jacentes lying outstretched (beneath his gaze); as glebas jacentes (G. I. 65) is the soil lying outstretched to the sun. 225. Sic; i. e. sic despiciens — 226. Regnis. Gr. 386. 2. A. & S. 224, R. 1.—227. Tales; i. e. such as Libya |