In Mexico, where few act on their own account, but sell their labour to others, it is of course low in value. In estimating the real benefit that a human being can gain by his daily industry, a correct contrast must be drawn between the nominal sum he receives, and what nominal sums he must pay for the indispensable articles of subsistence. On comparison of the prices of labour and articles of food and clothing, in the United States and Mexico, the difference of diurnal gain is in favour of the former, as three to eight. As far as the mere scarcity of men could influence the price of their labour, the day's work would be higher in Mexico than in the United States. Fewer have profitable demand for human services in Mexico; many have that demand in the United States; from these causes, and not from scarcity of men in one case, and their abundance in another, does the difference in the value of their work arise.

Taken then, on the general scale, during the existence of the present order of things, it physically follows, that the people of the United States will remain cultivators, rather than manufacturers. Until the lapse of time, and the operations of nature, produce an equilibrium between the people of the American continent and the eastern, no real revolution can take place in the relations of commerce, between those two great

of the country; and view the great quantity of silver constantly in circulation.

"In the United States, labour is about eighty cents per diem.

"The mean price of wheat in the Mexican provinces, is four or five dollars for two hundred pounds; or this is the price when purchased from the farmer in the country. In Paris, for several years, two hundred pounds of wheat flour cost thirty francs, equal to six dollars. In Mexico, the expense of transport swells the price of wheat above the ordinary price in the country."

Humboldt.

portions of the earth. Whilst the American citizen can find the path open and free to an independent establishment, he will never sell his labour at any price to another.

In moments of war, or other temporary interruptions of the ordinary operations of society, manufactures may be established in the United States; but owing their existence to accident, they will have continual embarrassment to encounter. It must be very difficult for a man, or a society, to preserve manufacturing establishments where individual labour cannot be procured for less than seven or eight, opposed to other men, or other societies, who can procure the same quantum of labour, for three or four metalic signs. Nothing, indeed, but a system of absolute seclusion of all communication with the eastern world could support widely extended manufacturing establishments in the United States at the present time.

I have not entered into any detail upon the feeding of animals, though a very important branch of domestic economy. The winters of the state of Louisiana are, particularly in the southern parts, so short and mild, that much of the labour expended on procuring provender for horses and cattle is saved. But like almost every other instance where men have little to do, that little is neglected. There can be no doubt that great advantage would arise from more attention to the making and saving of hay.

There is no richer hay than the blades of maize, and none so cheaply and easily procured; yet annually, thousands of tons of this valuable article is suffered to rot in the fields.

The climate is not favourable to timothy; clover succeeds better, but feels the force of a too warm sun.

Luzerne would, no doubt, be much preferable to either, and would be in a genial climate.

sons.

The following article appeared lately in our public prints. I have inserted it in this place for various reaLet the qualities of the lupinella be what it may, it deserves a fair trial in America. If this plant enriches the soil upon which it grows, its introduction into the United States will mark an era in its history. Millions of acres will be rendered habitable, that are now considered sterile pine forests. Of this species of soil, there is, in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia, at least forty millions of acres. If any plant, having the valuable properties ascribed to the lupinella, could be abundantly produced upon the pine soil, it would add an immense sum to our national wealth.

After the cereal gramina, there are no species of vegetables to which man is so much indebted as to the papilionaceous flowering plants; there are no vegeta bles that come to maturity on so great diversity of soil, and there is none that domestic animals devour with so much avidity.

In the early settlement of the waters of the Ohio and Mississippi, the wild pea gave that aid to those persons who formed their locations in the northern, that the arundo gigantea afforded to those who settled in the southern parts.

I have many times, in traversing the pine forests, and viewing the limpid streams of water, felt regret that places where health seemed to breathe in every wind, should be rendered comparatively uninhabitable from the sterility of the soil.

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Lupinella-The seed of this most valuable species of grass has been transmitted by our consul at Leghorn to the secretary of the treasury, which is thus spoken

of in a letter from him to the acting governor of Georgia,-published in the Georgia Journal of the 10th

inst.

“I have lately received from our consul at Leghorn, in Italy, a parcel of the lupinella seed*, which is represented as the finest grass cultivated in that country, for the quantity and richness of the hay; the preference felt for it by all animals, and its fertilizing effects upon the land in which it is cultivated. In Italy, it is sown in March and October; it is cut with a sickle to avoid shaking off the blossoms; bound up in bundles of 7lbs. and fed to working beasts without grain, as it is sufficiently nutritive of itself.

"Three years cultivation of this cultivation of this grass enriches the poorest land so much, that two successive and abundant crops of grain are produced without manure.-This is the account which I have received of it from Mr. Appleton the consul. As it succeeds in Italy, there is every reason to believe that it will succeed in Georgia. The quantity I have sent you, will enable you to furnish several of our acquaintances with enough to put them in stock of it, and thereby multiply the chances of success. It is sown, I presume, broad cast, but drills will be more productive for seed. I am convinced that when sown for hay it ought to be sown thick, as a certain means of keeping the crab grass under. When it is sowed, it may run some risk of assault from this formidable adversary, but I am persuaded it will be diminished by the thickness of the lupinella."

* Diadelphia Decandria, and in Linaeus' Natural Method, ranking un、 der the 32d order Papilionacei. There are, in America, many native plants of this natural family that deserve attention from the experimental farmer.

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THE HE subject of the salubrity of the climate of Louisiana, is entered upon with considerable solicitude, in consequence of the almost universal, but, I believe, unfounded prepossession respecting its unhealthiness.

Perhaps no subject ever was more misunderstood than the effect of particular climates on the human frame; and none can more deeply interest the faculties of mankind. Our species are prone to migrate, and their range is more extensive than that of any

other animal.

The partiality we have for the place of our birth may be superseded by necessity; and curiosity incites us to wander beyond its narrow precincts; the ice of Spitzbergen and the heats of the coast of Africa or the