naces of tyrants, let en pour in remonfrances from every corner of the nation. To thefe, fhould it become neceffary, let us add the moft fpirited manifeftoes. 66 May Heaven, and a repenting Sovereign, avert the horrors of a civil war : but, if our entreaties prove in vain, fhall we be tamely driven on to defperation? No, let us make a laft appeal to the allpowerful God of battles. "Oh! may the names of all thofe who will not facrifice even life, to break the chain thefe tyrants are forging for us, and on pofterity, he branded with the x blackeft infamy! pursued by public desteflation, even beyond the grave! May they be marked by curfing and bitternels for everlafting ages! "To your tents, O Ifrael." The blow fo long meditated is at length flruck, and the horrors of civil war are fpreading with rapidity through qut many parts of Fance. But for the temperance of the Parliament of Brittany, an engagement muft inevitably have enfùedat Rennes. In the province of Dauphiny afkirmish has taken place, in which up. wards of 50 of the military are killed and wounded; among the number, are feyer al officers of rank. The authentic relation of the circumflance is as follows the towns-people of Grenoble, on receiving information of their Parliament being exiled by lettres de cachet from the King, immediately affembled in a very large body, and ref eued thofe members of the Parliament who had not obeyed the crders of his Majefty, and brought them back to the pa lace where the Parliament holds its Affembly. At the fame time, another divifion of the inhabitants marched to the houfe of the Commandant of the province, the Duc de Ronnerre, and after plundering his house, forced him, by the moft fpirited and violent threats, to give up the keys of the palace, which had been delivered to him by the military. The Commandant immediately order ed the drums to beat, and the garrifon to march into town. At first, the town's people ran to the tops of the houses, and threw large ftones and bricks on the foldiery as they paffed under them, which killed and wounded upwards of 50 men and officers. In the mean while, from 7 to 800 Mountaineers affembled from the different parts of the country, and drove the troops into their barracks. They then forced open the gates of the arfenal, where they all armed, and block ed up the troops and officers of the gate rifon, infifting, that they should recrive no nourishment whatever, till they con fented to lay down their arms, to which the troops confented. M. de Baudrieux, lieutenant colonel of the regiment of Auftrafie, is among thofe who are dangerously wounded. The King is fo much difpleafed with the Duc de Ronnerre for his conduct, that he hath recalled him, and another general officer is appointed to the com mand, with a very large re-inforce ment. This is the first inftance of any thing like an offenfive part in the inhabitants, againft the orders of the king for the efablishment of his new form of government; and the behaviour, both of the commandant and military, fhew they were neither very hearty in the caule. This victory has flushed the hopes of the province, and men are affembled from every part of the country to support the parliament in a refiftance. At Thouloufe, one of the new courts of juftice attempted to fit; but the people hiffed and ill-treated the members in fuch a manner, that they were not able to proceed, and were immediately obliged. to difperfe. To the memorial from the principal nobility of Brittany, drawn up with uncommon energy and boldnels of fentiment, the King of France returned the following anfwer: "I have perused your memorial, but did not read the names of the perfons who figned it, that I might not be obliged to punish them. I have fent fome troops into the province, for the purpofe of protecting the well-difpofed part of my fubjects there, and of bringing to a fenfe of their duty the tur bulent and feditious." M. le Comte de Thiars, the commandant of Brittany, has begged leave of the king to retire. So has M. du Cafe, from Grenoble. Large detachments of Swifs and German troops are marching to Grenoble, Befancon, Thouloufe, and into Brittany. The force in the latter, according to the last return, is 15,000 men. The parliament of Brittany affembled on the d of June, and fat from four o'clock in the morning till fix in the evening. The king's orders were only, that the members fhould not affemble till his further pleasure was known; had it been their exile, there is no doubt but the people would have refifted. Among their laft refolutions they de elare, clare, that whofoever executes the orders of the new government, fhall be confidered guilty of high treafon. M. de Califfone, firft advocate general of the parliament of Aix, in Provence, made the following speech, after reading the edict that established the Plenary Court"The prefent edict, gentlemen, annihilates all the homage formerly paid to our conftitution; we are the guardians, the prefervers, and the defenders of it; our oath, the intereft of our country, the fidelity we owe to our Sovereign, the compact of our union, all force us to declare that we had rather die than fee the rights of our country invaded. It would be a heinous crime to the State not to facrifice our lives for its fake. No offer to acquiefce in any criminal project can ever be propofed to our magiflracy. No, gentlemen, let us adopt the maxim of a great man after the glory of doing good, the greatest happiness is to fuffer for having done it." HOLLAND. The French Ambaffador at the Hague has prefented a fecond memorial to the States General, by order of the King his matter, acquainting their High Mightineffes, "That in confequence of the Dutch Ambalador at Paris, having de livered a copy of the treaty between England and Holland to the King, his Majefty cannot help being furprised at finding, by the 6th article, that the governors of the Dutch poffeffions in the Eaft Indies are conftituted judges, whether upon any hoftile act being committed, the fame is done with juftice; and fuch being a power not to be delegated to any governor or governors whatever, and contrary to the treaty between France and Holland, his Majefty therefore infifts, that the faid article be not ratified; or if it is unavoidable, that a special and similar agreement may be entered into between France and Holland, as a fupplement to the treaty now fubfifting between thofe powers, which the Count de St Prieft is empowered to enter into, together with fuch other claufes as may be thought neceffary to ftrengthen the alliance between France and the Republic.” WEST INDIES. Jamaica, April 5. Our flave laws have been revised and confolidated, and feveral regulations made in favour of the negroes. The Affembly have paffed an act, which contains the following particulars: 1. Every poffeffor of a flave is prohibited from turning him away when incapacitated by fickness or age, but muft provide for him the wholesome neceffaries of life, under a penalty of teñ pounds for every offence. 2. Every perfon who mutilates a flave fhall pay a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds, and be imprisoned not exceeding twelve months, and in very atrocious cafes the the flave may be declared free. 3. Any perfon wantonly or bloody-mindedly killing a flave, shall suffer death. 4. Any perfon whipping, bruifing, wounding, or imprifoning a flave not his property, or under his care, fhall be fubject to fine and imprisonment. 5. A parochial tax to be raised for the fupport of negroes difabied by fickness and old age, having no owners. IRELAND. A letter from Ballycaftle, Ireland, dated June 2d, gives an account of an eruption from the top of the mountain of Knockdale; great quantities of lava ran down into the neighbouring plains, and have covered them with ruins and adds, "the discharge of matter and flones from it ceafed the ift inftant, but there is ftill a great smoke from the top of the mount, with a fulphureous smell. Some people imagine that the lava has got among it the heath and furze that furround the mount, which occafions the imoke and difagreeable fmell: this is all conjecture, as no perfon has been bold enough to attempt the fummit, nor do I fuppofe there will for fome time; indeed the melan choly fight that was exhibited here, muft deter any one from making the attempt. There have been twenty perfons already found that were killed by this volcano; all the poor inhabitants who lived near the mount have fled into the town; the parish chapel, and the prieft's house, that was built lately at Drimavoulin, on a piece of ground that was given by MrBoyd, rent free, is now in ruins; add to which, the worthy prieft, his niece, and two fervants, are buried in the ruins. The fine fteeple of Coolphatrim is like-wife totally deftroyed. "The volcano which burft out near Ballycaftle, in the county of Antrim, on the 30th of May, confirms Dr Hamil ton's opinion, as well as that of many others, that the Giant's Causeway, in the neighbourhood was a volcanic produc tion, and that all the pillars which compofe that tremenduous work must have been once liquid bafaltes, as they are found to contain the exact matter which forms the lava of Vefuvius. This is a new phenomenon in the prefent age, in the natural hiftory of this country. ENGI ENGLAND. June 3. On Saturday afternoon as the Princess Elizabeth was fitting in her apartment, her R. H. was furprised by the abrupt entrance of a ftranger of mean appearance. The Princess exceedingly alarmed, precipitately quitted the room at an oppofite door, and related this extraordinary circumftance to the attendants in waiting.Mr Millar, one of the pages, immediately went to the palace and feized the man, who refused to assign the caufe of his being in the palace, or by what means he obtained adinittance. When brought to the lodge, the porter afferted he had not the most remote recollection of his entrance or perfon. The intruder was then fufkred to depart, but in a fhort time returned, and in preremptory terms infifted to be introduced to the Princefs, “That he might pour out the ardency of his paffion, and at her feet prefs for an equal return." He was then detained, and information of this fingular occurrence difpatched to Lord Sydney; foon after, a ferjeant and a party of the guards from the Queen's guard-houfe took him into cuftody. On being queftioned, he faid, he was by profethon a hair-dreffer, and worked with Mr Warren in Pall-Mall. Lord Sydney directed him to be taken to the Public Office, to be examined by Mr Addington: the coach stopping in its way to Bow-firect, at Paved-alley, on the appearance of his matter, he fpit in his face, and acted in a manner to juftify the fufpicion before entertained of his being in à ftate of infanity. On his examination before the magif. trate, he faid, his name was Spang; that his father was by birth a Dane, but he was born in London. Being asked by Mr Addington, if he was in love with the Princeis,-he anfwered, that he was in love with all the world. When questioned how he got into the palace without being difcovered, he exclaimed, "Aye, that is the queftion -but refufed to answer more on this point. He ridiculed, with much force, the porter for not being able to account how he obtained entrance. Mr Warren faid, Spang had worked for him nearly two years, and left his fervice about a week ago, without previous notice; that he was always an honeft induftrious man, and never betrayed any marks of a difordered mind. Spang appears to be about 27 years of age, rather thort, light hair, and fair com plex.on, fhaboily dreffed; when fearched nothing was found in his pocket of an offentive kind, or even a fingle halip n ny: tears were frequently obferved to fteal down his cheeks, and he figned in fuch a manner as to affect every perion prefent. He was committed to Tothilfields Bridewell, until further directions, and ordered to be kept in a feparate apart. ment, and treated with the utmost tendernefs. It is fuppofed he got over the wall in the Green Park, into the Queen's gardens, and fo entered the palace, but how he could escape obfervation, and pafs directly to the Princefs's apartment, ex• cites general furprise. 6 Yesterday, Spang the maniac, who made an attempt on the Princ is Elizabeth, was examined at Bow-ftreet, by Sir Sampfon Wright, and Mr Juftice Addington. He faid, he was fent fome years ago to Bethnal-Green, where there was put on him a ftrait waistcoat, and where he said he was confined for about a month, when he was ditcharged. He was asked what brought him to the Queen's Palace? He answered, God?' Had he no particular motives?' He probably (he faid) might meet the Duke of Cumberland there.' Being further queftioned as to his motives, he affigned no other right of confanguinity. • Who were his relations?' The Duke of York, the Duke of Cumberland, the Duke of Gloucefter, and the King of Spain.' How did he get into the Queen's Palace? He went in boldly like a man as he ought.' The whole of his conduct was ftrongly marked with fymptoms of evident infanity; but his demeanor in this unfor tunate predicament fhewed that his temper was naturally mild. Mr Tomlinfon proved, that he had been five or fix days ago at St Martin's Work-houfe, which the unhappy maniac mistook for as many years. It is very remarkable, that during the whole of his examination, Spang never once mentioned the name, or feemed to have the leaft recollection of the Princess Elizabeth, though many collateral appeals were made to his memory by the magiftrates upon the subject. His infanity being fully established by this examination, the magiftrates have determined to provide for him at the expence of his parish. The The British veffel fent on discoveries in the year 1784, and to afcertain whether a north-aft or north-weft paffage to China, was practicable, and now on its return to Europe from Canton, went farther northward than Capt. Cooke, but could not double the Cape, in order to return by the fea that lies between the North Cape and East Greenland, but it is stretched out fo near to the pole, that the attempt was found to be totally impracticable. Though failing to 83 degrees, they could not find the entrance into that part where Davis's Straights communicate with the ocean on the weftern fide of the continent of America, within the Arctic circle. June 6. H. of C.-This being the day appointed for taking into confideration the claims of the American lovalifts, The Chancellor of the Exchequer began with remarking, that thefe claims did not come before the public as a matter of ftrict right, but ought to be confidered merely as appeals of humanity and the generofity of Parliament. It could never be expected, that the public could make compleat retribution to the loyalifts for the whole amount of their loffes. It would be amply sufficient to give them a partial compenfation. He propofed, that, with refpect to thofe loyalifts who had been deprived of their property in America to the amount of 10,000l. that whole fum fhould be allowed them free of all deductions. As to thofe who had poffeffed from 10,000 to 30,000l. it would bear too hard upon the public to allow them the whole; he would therefore propofe, that perfons of this clafs fhould fubmit to a deduction, of 10 per cent. not from the total amount of their property, but from what they had poffeffed over and above the fum of 10,000l. With regard to those whofe property had been upwards of 30,000l. and had not exceed ed 50,000l. it was his intention to propofe a deduction of 15 per cent. on the excefs above 10,000l. The estates of Mr Harford (heir to Lord Baltimore) were of fo great an amount, that it would be too heavy a burden on the community to compenfate his loffes in an equal proportion with those of far inferior magnitude. The deductions, therefore, from this gentleman's fortune, in his opinion, ought to proceed in an increafing ratio. By this procedure, inftead of his whole fortune, which had been ftated to be of the value of 230,000l. he would receive only the fum of 50,000l. He then proceeded to ftate, that he would recommend a different proportion with relpect to those loyalifts who had been of any profeffion, or had held any office in America. In lieu of the former income of perfons of this defcription, he would propofe, that, where the income did not exceed 400l. per annum, they should receive 50 per cent. that is, half pay; where it had exceeded 400l. and was not above 1500l. they should receive 40 per cent. and from 1500l. upwards, 30 per cent. There was another claim of the inhabitants of Florida, which amounted to 127,000l. and he thought no diftinction ought to be made with them. They had given up their property in fuch a way as to have the fame claims on the public, as if their property had been converted to the exigencies of the public, and therefore they ought to be paid to the full extent of their claims. ile proposed these claims to be paid by inftalments, by emoluments of lotteries which in a number of years would be fufficient for this purpofe; and that every part of their claims that was unpaid fhould bear intereft at the rate of 34 per cent. till the whole was paid. The whole amount of the fums to be paid to the loyalifts, would, ac-. cording to the plan now proposed, be 1,208,2391. Mr Burke approved of the Right Hon. Gentleman's plan for relieving this defcription of people, who, he faid, had a claim on the liberality of the public. He would chearfully vote for the question, however averle his fentiments had been to the caufe which they had patronised.. Mr Fex was of opinion, that the plan now propofed was very handsome and liberal, and that it far exceeded what had ufually been allowed on fimilar occafions; but he thought fome addition ought to be made to Mr Harford. He oblerved, that the loyalifts had no right to full compenfation. Had they remained in America, they must have fuffered that depreciation of their property which their country has in general fuffered. He complimented the minifter on the wifdom and liberality of his plan. After fome further converfation, in which feveral other gentlemen joined, the minifter confented to augment Mr Harford's allowance to 70,000l. The fum mentioned in his firft motion was confequently increased to 1,228,2391. Thurfday night a patent paffed the Great Seal at the Lord Chancellor's houfe in Ormond-street, appointing Sir Lloyd Lloyd Kenyon Chief Juftice of the Court of King's Bench, in the room of William Earl of Mansfield, whose refignation was made out on Tuefday evening laft. Earl Mansfield has been Chief Juftice of the King's Bench exactly thirty-two years, having been raifed thereto in May 1756, on the decease of Sir Dudley Ryder. Pepper Arden, Esq; the King's Attorney General, comes to the Rolls Court, in the room of Sir Lloyd Kenyon. June 16. Wednesday, in the Court of Common Pleas, a quetion was deter mined of confiderable importance to the poor peafantry of this kingdom. The queftion was, "Whether the indigent neceffitous poor have a right by law to glean after harveft?", The learned Judges (excepting Mr Juftice Gould) faid, there were no pofitive laws or ufage upon which a right to glean could be afcertained. The foil and the culture belonged to the farmer, and he had an exclufive claim to all the fruits of his own foil. The permiffion of the poor to glean was merely an act of humanity on the part of the farmer. It was obligatory only with refpect to his own confcience, but could not be claimed as a right; for where the law gives a right, it always provides a remedy for the violation of that right; but no action or profecution could be maintained against the farmer for refuting the glean ings. The learned Judges then replied to the argument in fupport of the poor, from the law of Mofes, Leviticus chap. 23. And when ye reap the harveft of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field, when thou reapeft; neither fhalt thou gather any gleanings of thy harveft; thot malt leave them to the poor and the ftranger." The law of Mofes, the learned Judges obferved, in this inftance, was not obligatory on the Chriftian difpenfa tion, but was a Jewish regulation, made under circumftances peuliar to their own political government. By the Chriftian fyftem the faccour of the poor was recommended as a work of religious charity, but there was no temporal law to compel a man to exercife the virtues of charity every man's confcience in this refpect fhould be his own law. Few farmers, it is hoped, would be fo brutal as to deAy to the poor the feanty gleanings of their fields; at the fame time, there was no law to oblige them. If an usage had ever prevailed to compel the farmer to. give the gleanings to the poor for their fuftenance, the 4th of Elizabeth had altered the law in England, as by the act a parochial provifion was made for their better fupport. Upon the whole, the Judges were of opinon, that the gl− ' ings were the property of the farmer, as his own productive industry; and that therefore the poor had no right by law to glean. Mr Juftice Gould regretted that he was under the neceffity of differing from the learned Chief Juftice on the prefent queftion. He then adduced a number of ftrong arguments in fupport of the right of the poor, both from the law of Mofes, and ufage, which, he faid, was coeval with the conftitution. He cited a num ber of learned authorities in fupport of his opinion, and particularly Sir Matthew Hale, Gilbert, and judge Blackflone. The old Teftament, he contended, being united with the New, was obligatory, and formed part of the law of the land. He concluded a learned fpeech, by gi ving his opinion in favour of the right to glean. 17. H. of C-Mr Pitt made a very ftrong fpeech in fupport of the flavetrade regulation bill. He faid the trade, as propofed to be carried on by the petitioners, was contrary to every humane, every Chriftian principle, and to every fentiment that ought to infpire the breaft of man. If the trade could not be car ried on otherwife than as was ftated by the petitioners, he would boldly declare, that he would give his vote for the utter annihilation of a trade fhocking to humanity, abominable, to be carried on by any nation, and which reflected the greatest dishonour on the_British Senate and the British nation. The House being now in poffeffion of fuch information as they never had before, he had no doubt that they would join him in extricating themfelves from the guilt and re morfe of having fo long fuffered fuch cruelties to be exercised on human be ings. He then moved a claufe to enforce the regulations of the prefent bill, and to extend it to thofe fhips that had already failed, if it could be proved that notice was given them by a yeffel to be dif patched by the Admiralty for that purpofe. The lofs the merchants would fuftain would be about 10 per cent. amounting to 12,000l. or 15,000 l. in the whole, which he fuppofed the Houfe would think of no importance when the interefts of humanity were concerned and |