establish or improve the acquisition of Polish materials, to prepare a list of Polish abbreviations, and to compile bibliographical lists concerning Poland.

Dr. Basler can elaborate upon that, if you wish some further elaboration.

Mr. NORRELL. Actually, we have not appropriated any money for this position?

Mr. MUMFORD. No, sir; this position has been supported by Free Europe Committee funds.

Mr. NORRELL. This is new so far as this committee is concerned? Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir; but it is a very vital position and it would be

Mr. NORRELL. Why are they withdrawing it?

Mr. MUMFORD. I cannot answer that in detail, but it is because the Free Europe Committee has been curtailing its program generally. As you heard Mr. Keitt speak about the Mid-European law project and withdrawing funds from that, whether it is due to less funds, I am

not sure.

(Discussion off the record.)

Mr. Bow. On the record. Mr. Chairman, would you yield to me? Mr. NORRELL. Yes, sir.

Mr. Bow. Mr. Chairman, this is one case in which I am very much interested. I think the work of the Foreign Law Division is one of the most important developments we have had in the Library of Congress, with the worldwide interests that we have today. I think we have got to be prepared with the most adequate law research we can have. Just one concrete example is the question of property rights in Korea that is one thing which we might consider right now, with the riots going on over there. But concerning every country in the world today we are interested, or should be interested, in having some place we can turn to get a good survey and research of the laws of that country for the protection of American citizens. I think this is one of the most important areas of the Law Library, and I know from sitting on the State Department Appropriations Subcommittee and the Justice Department's Appropriations Subcommittee and others, they do not have anything close to adequate libraries within their own departments to go to for this information. However, they have become quite expert in the field in the Library of Congress.

I am afraid, perhaps, I am testifying, but I think this is a very important item and I was disappointed when I learned that there was going to be a reduction in the force.

Now, if I may go off the record for just a moment

(Discussion off the record.)

Mr. NORRELL. Why are they withdrawing their support?

Mr. MUMFORD. Well, we can say what we have already said, Mr. Chairman, the Free Europe Committee is withdrawing its support because it has less funds.

(Discussion off the record.)

Mr. Bow. That is all I have to say at this point on it, Mr. Chairman, but it seems to me we can better defer some other things than to cut back in this area.

Mr. MUMFORD. Before we leave this, Mr. Chairman, may I request that pages 21 and 22 of the justifications be inserted in the record as justification for those two positions?

Mr. NORRELL. Yes, sir.

(The pages referred to follow :)

To maintain adequate reference service in the reading rooms, and to augment the references and research work in the East European area

New positions requested :

1 GS-11, Polish and Slavic research librarian, Slavic and Central European Division___

1 GS-7, Reference librarian, General Reference and Bibliography Division...

Total 2 positions

Slavic and Central European Division: one position.

$7, 030 4,992

12, 022

The position requested has been supported by funds from the Mid-European Studies Center of the Free Europe Committee, Inc., since 1952, but that Committee has curtailed its support of positions in the Library. In the 8 years of its existence, this position has played an indispensable role in the Division's work and its continuation is urgent. With this position, it has been possible to screen and search Polish catalogs, survey the various categories of materials in the Library's Polish collections, establish want lists for the acquisition of Polish materials and thus build up a useful collection, to prepare a list of Polish abbreviations, and to compile reference materials concerning Poland.

The following statistics show a partial workload of this position for fiscal year 1959:

Direct reference services (telephone inquiries, reference questions answered, and reference conferences)

Items screened for acquisition__

Items recommended_

Items screened for bibliographies_.

Bibliographic entries compiled__

1, 591 98,000

7, 495 26, 222 3,000

In connection with the workload, it should be noted that more material is published in Poland annually than in any of the other countries in the area except for the U.S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia. Among others, representatives of the following agencies of the Government and other institutions have been served: the House Un-American Activities Committee, the Voice of America, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the U.S. Information Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of State, the National Science Foundation, the Central Intelligence Agency, and the Department of Defense.

Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, could I ask some questions off the record?

Mr. NORRELL. You may proceed. (Discussion off the record.)

NEW POSITIONS PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

Mr. MUMFORD. Well, in the third paragraph on page 6 we have an item to provide more adequate access to the special collections. There are three positions enumerated there, one GS-9, one GS-5, and one GS-4.

The GS-9 is for a cataloger in the Prints and Photographs Division. Our prints and photographs collection consists of nearly 4 million items. We are not able to keep pace with the material that is taken in each year nor are we able to keep it under control. The Division has a staff of only eight people and the one position that

!

we are requesting here will make it possible to get considerably more material under control. It will not solve the problem completely, but it will help us immensely.

Dr. Basler, would you like to add to that?

Dr. BASLER. The only thing that I would add is this: I think our justification on page 24 is, as I see it, quite adequate. This all adds up to one thing: There has been a 728 percent increase in the number of items held in this Division and no increase in staff for a period of many years. We have not had a new position in this Division in my memory. I cannot find anywhere that we have had a new position since the early 1940's.

Mr. MUMFORD. If we may insert the upper part of page 25 of the justifications into the record, it shows the increase in workload and activities in this Division.

Mr. NORRELL. Very well.

(The matter referred to follows:)

Following are statistics showing the use of the prints and photographs collections during the last two fiscal years:

Mr. MUMFORD. Now, the next position is a GS-5 and is to be found on page 26 of the justifications. We are asking for one position to assist in the Chinese-Korean collection. We have some 330,000 volumes and 5,962 were added during fiscal year 1959. We have a table there showing the increase in the number of readers and the direct reference services on this material. So, again, if I may ask, beginning with the paragraph “The Chinese and Korean collections" I would like to have the balance of that page inserted in the record. Mr. NORRELL. All right.

(The matter referred to follows:)

The Chinese and Korean collections on which service is rendered consist of some 330,000 volumes, 5,962 of which were added during fiscal year 1959. Increase in reference workload is shown below:

The position requested is to shelve and reshelve volumes and others items, to write in Chinese characters authors and titles on the spines of quarterbound Monographs prior to shelving, to assist in sorting, assembling by title, and Fecording serial titles in the Chinese serial record, and to file cards into the Chinese Union Catalog, thus freeing higher level personnel to perform acquisitions, reference, and bibliographic work.

54877-60-9

Mr. MUMFORD. That will tell the story I think, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. NORRELL. All right.

Mr. MUMFORD. Finally, we are asking for a GS-4 position in the Serial Division-the Government Publications Section-to arrange the looseleaf services issued by the Government.

The Library receives approximately 200 of these looseleaf services of the Federal Government. At the present time none of these is interfiled because of the lack of adequate staff. We do not propose to try to interfile all of them. They can be useful up to a point without being interfiled, but we would like to be able to interfile a few of the most important ones and a GS-4 position would enable us to do that.

Mr. NORRELL. The next item?

CONTINUATION OF POSITIONS NOW FINANCED BY NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

Mr. MUMFORD. The final group there is to provide reference and bibliographical services on the scientific and technical reports in the Science and Technology Division. The account of this is given beginning at the bottom of page 27 of the justifications.

At the end of fiscal year 1956 the National Science Foundation made a grant to the Library of Congress for a Reference Center for unclassified reports on Government support in scientific research. Since that time services provided to the scientific community by the Center have shown continued growth.

Mr. NORRELL. How much have you received from them?

Mr. MUMFORD. I do not know that we can give you the exact total figures, but it is approximately $22,000 a year for this purpose. There are four positions involved. As you know, Mr. Chairman, there is a large volume of research material produced in the Government. It is designated as report literature.

Mr. NORRELL. Would you say something about the object of this grant?

Mr. MUMFORD. The object was to enable our Science and Technology Division to answer inquiries on this report literature and to service it. It is an integral part of a science collection. The Library of Congress has the largest collection of scientific literature in the country. It is the central governmental library for scientific literature and this report literature is a part of that. But, we were not able to undertake to do it with our regular staff, and the National Science Foundation said that they would underwrite or support it for an experimental period.

Mr. NORRELL. Would you please say something about the accomplishments?

Mr. MUMFORD. Yes, sir. We have on page 29 of the justifications a table which reflects the use of this material. The scientists and research workers need this material before it gets into book form or magazine form and they need to be able to get what has been done by other agencies. This includes the reports of the Atomic Energy Commission and various other scientific bodies of the Government.

Mr. NORRELL. Why do you want to make a changeover?

Mr. MUMFORD. Well, it is the policy, I believe, of the National Science Foundation to seek out needs and find out what is needed and to support it for a period of time, but not on a definite or permanent basis, but if it proves to be something that is needed by the Government, NSF eventually expects the agency to request the appropriation directly. So, these positions have been underwritten by the National Science Foundation, but NSF has given indications that it cannot continue to support them.

Mr. NORRELL. I see.

Mr. MUMFORD. That is a very important part of our services to the scientific community in Government.

Mr. NORRELL. You may proceed to discuss the other items.

Mr. HORAN. It looks to me like that there is a lot of buckpassing between these agencies here and the Library is getting the short end of the deal.

Mr. MUMFORD. Well, you might say that we are caught in the middle, Mr. Horan.

Mr. BASLER. May I comment briefly here, Mr. Horan?

Mr. HORAN. Surely.

Mr. BASLER. The situation is that 2 years ago there was considerable pressure on the Library to give this service. We had no possibility of rendering that service with the staff we had. The National Science Foundation said, "We will give you a grant to start it. We do not intend to keep this up forever and you ought to ask for this this year.". They said, "Is it not about time that you go in and ask for this in your budget?"

It is a going service, but this is not buckpassing. It is simply set-ting up the service in the first place for which we did not have the funds but as you know, in the past 3 or 4 years the scientific commumty has been getting more and more voracious for the use of the. materials that we have.

These are all Government reports and they are not published materials. They do not come under our ordinary cataloging controls and service. We are servicing these, and we are the only place in the country which is serving the bulk of these reports to the general publie. Some of them were available to specific Government agencies, but no one else makes these available to the scientific community in general unless the Library of Congress does, and this is the service that the National Science Foundation said was necessary and asked, "Will you not start doing it if we give you the money?"

Mr. NORRELL. Thank you.

Proceed to the next item.

NEW POSITION-NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICAN LAW DIVISION

Mr. MUMFORD. On page 7 of the justifications at the top of the page is the Law Library and we are asking for one position to provide adequate staffing in the newly established Near East and North African Law Division.

You will recall that the committee granted a position to establish this Division last year, a Division which is concerned with Near Eastern and north African law, and provided for the transfer of the legal materials in Arabic, Turkish, and Persian languages from the Orientalia Division to the Law Library.