ADAMS, JOHN. Vote as Vice-Presi-
dent saved neutrality, 20; oral
messages to Congress, 122; strife
over appointment of judges by,
132; Sedition Law in term of, 200.
Adams, John Quincy, on Jefferson's
purchase of Louisiana, 81.
Adoption of our Constitutional plan
in Australia, Canada, and other
countries, ix.

Alien, Act of Congress restricts
ownership of land in Territories
by, 57; regulations various as to
owning of land by, 56; privileged
to vote in some States, 57; Amer-
ican woman marrying, forfeits
citizenship, 238; State constitu-
tional provision excluding, labor
void, 243. See also NATURALIZA-
TION.

Alien Contract Labor Law of 1885, 6.
Amendment, Lord Bryce commended

American plan of, ix; resolution for,
need not be signed by President,
42; respecting title of nobility
failed 90; Congress by two-thirds
vote members present may pro-
pose, 170, 255; Congress may de-
termine mode of ratification, 170;
conventions in States have never
ratified, 170; legislatures have not
yet proposed, 170; legislatures
of two thirds of States may call
convention, 170; ratification of,
170; cannot be ratified by referen-
dum, 171; State cannot withdraw
ratification, 171, 255; in other coun-
tries, 172; Lecky praised plan of,
172; Washington for, not usurpa-
tion,172; suggested by Presidents,
173; examples of late proposals
for, 174; slavery not to be af-

fected prior to 1808 by, 174;
State cannot be deprived of equal
suffrage in Senate by, without
consent, 174; and Bill of Rights,
194; first resolution proposing, 194;
long period without, 232; table
showing time, was pending, 259.
Amendments, have been easily and
quickly adopted, 261; over two
thousand, proposed, 261.
Anti-Trust Laws, 52.
Appointment to Office, and Tenure
of Office Act of 1867, 16, 120;
Congress may direct, of inferior
grades, 120; objection in Con-
stitutional Convention to power of,
120; power of, in actual practice,
120; vacancies filled by President
during recess of Senate, 121;
with consent of Senate President
has power of, 120.
Appropriation, Jackson on menace
of Congressional, 45; other Pres-
idents on abuse of, 46; no money
drawn from treasury except by,
88. See also MONEY.
Arms, right to bear, shall not be

infringed by Congress, 206; State
law may limit, 206.
Army, Congress alone raises and
supports, 73; no appropriation
for, for more than two years, 73;
English fear of standing, 73;
Hamilton's views on, 74; op-
position to, in Constitutional
Convention, 74; raising and equip-
ment of, in World War, 75; not
dangerous at home, 75; rules
governing, made by Congress, 76;
President commander in chief
of, 110. See also QUARTERING
TROOPS; WAR.

Blackstone, William, defines liberty
of the press, 199; on cruel punish-

ment for treason, 223.
Brazil, constitution of 1890 of, makes
union indissoluble, 4; Senate like
that of United States, 17; com-
merce clause similar to ours, 53;
judges appointed for life, 134;
Vice-President succeeds during
temporary disability of President,
109; bills to abolish federation
or to destroy equality in Senate
not subjects for deliberation, 175.
Bryce, James, opinion of the Con-
stitution, ix; praises plan of
amending, ix; on the equal rep-
resentation in Senate, 17; on
great power wielded by Lincoln,

when

CABINET, the, President may re-
quire opinions of, 112;
created by Congress, 112; Presi-
dent independent of, 112; in other
countries, 113.

Calhoun, John C., his theory of the
State as judge of constitutional
questions, 3.

Canada, statement by Bryce that,
copied our Constitution, ix; repre-
sentation in Senate similar, 18;
commerce clause like that of
United States, 53; judicial system
follows that of United States, 138;
Privy Council may review Supreme
Court of, 138; Articles of Con-
federation provided for ad-
mission of, 162; assumed existing
debts, 176; Dominion of, has all
powers not delegated to Province,
227.

Census, first, to be taken within

three years after first meeting of
the Congress, 13; every ten years
thereafter, 13.

Charles I of England, attitude to-
wards Parliament, 125.

Chase, Salmon P., decision in first
Legal Tender Case, 48.
Children, laws prohibiting employ-

ment of, not denial of liberty, 243.
Chinese, a citizen when born of
domiciled parents, 238; denied
equal protection by city ordinance
compelling cutting of hair, 245;
not denied equal protection by
requirement for separate schools,

245.

Citizens, all persons born in United
States or naturalized are, 3, 235;
Fourteenth Amendment made
Negroes, 3, 235; not in contact
with Nation under theory of
States' Rights but Fourteenth
Amendment changed this, 3;
present doctrine of, stated by
James Wilson in Convention, 4;
Gibbon quoted on extension of
Roman citizenship, 55; Roman
citizenship conferred on other
peoples, 55; by Articles of Con-
federation free, of one State given
privileges in all, 157; provisions
in colonial charters and Articles
of Confederation, 157; reciprocity
of privileges in all States, 157;
Civil Rights Act held invalid in
part, 234, 249; Supreme Court
on need of Fourteenth Amendment,
235; State citizenship preserved
by Supreme Court, 236; Negroes
not, according to Dred Scott
decision, 237; Chinese born of
domiciled parents are, 238; State
forbidden to abridge privileges
or immunities of, 238; woman
marrying alien forfeits citizenship,
238; State may abridge privileges
and immunities of State citizen-
ship, 239; State may restrict em-

Arthur, Chester Alan, vetoed ob-
jectionable appropriations by Con-
gress, 46.

Articles of Confederation, adoption
delayed by dispute over western
lands, xiii, 163; soon found in-
adequate, xiii; convention at
Annapolis 1786 to revise, xiii;
convention at Philadelphia 1787
drafted Constitution, xiv; each
State sovereign and independent
under, 1; Articles cast aside, 1;
mere League of States, 2; Con-

abridgment, 205. See also PETI-

TION, RIGHT OF.
Australia, constitution of, follows that
of United States closely, ix; con-
stitution of 1900 of, made union
indissoluble, 4; Senate of, per-
petual, 19; commerce clause sim-
ilar to that of United States, 53;
judicial system of, similar, 138;
permits citizen to sue State, 142,
constitution supreme law,

228;

181.

ment, 2; Washington's opinion
of government, 2; lack of National
powers under, 5; Congress of
one House under, 8; deficient
in taxing power, 44;
money
borrowed only with assent of nine
States, 48; Congress had sole
power over weights and measures,
61; States to coin money, 61;
Congress to regulate value of
money, 61; authorized establish-
ment of post offices, 63; copy-
rights not mentioned in, 65;
authorized Congress to establish
courts to suppress piracies, 69;
Congress given war powers by,
70; weak in raising and main-
taining armies, 75; required States
to maintain accoutred militia, 76;
Nation permitted to appoint some
militia officers, 77; no President
under, 99;
no judiciary under,
137; granted privileges and im-
munities to citizens, 157; provided
for admission of new States and
of Canada, 162; concurrence of
every State necessary to amend-
ment of, 170.

Assembly, Congress forbidden to
abridge right of, 204; Colonial,
frequently dissolved, 205; must
be peaceable, 205; preserved in
early State constitutions, 205;
regulations for order in, not

cessive, 222; for assailant of
President Jackson, 222; excessive,
not to be required, 222; reason-
able, defined, 222.

Bank of the United States, Act of

Congress establishing, 81. See also
IMPLIED POWERS.
Bankruptcy, Congress has juris-
diction of, 57; various Acts by
Congress, 57; debts from which
no release allowed, 58; exemptions
to which bankrupt entitled, 58;
involuntary, defined, 58; uniform
National law of, suspends State
laws, 58; State law cannot re-
lease from existing debts, 58; State
law cannot affect creditors in
other States, 58; voluntary, de-
fined, 58. See also DEBTOR.
Beveridge, Albert J., Life of John
Marshall cited, 132.

Bill of Attainder, Congress shall not
pass, 84; Macaulay on injustice
of, 84; use of, in English history,
84; presented against Jefferson
in Parliament, 85; State shall
not pass, 91; in the Civil War,
152. See also BILL OF RIGHTS.
Bill of Rights, demanded by States
as condition of ratification, 196;
in the body of the Constitution,
196; in first ten Amendments, 197;
of Philippine Islands, decision
under, 224.