224 PUNISHMENT, by excessive fines unconstitutional. State v. Ross (1910), 55 Ore. 450, 106 Pac. 1022 electrocution not cruel. Malloy v. South Carolina (1915), 237 U. S. 180 under State law debarring accused from occupation unusual and therefore unconstitutional. People v. Haug (1888), 68 Mich. 549 See also BILL OF RIGHTS. RATIFICATION, referendum cannot be used in, of amendment. National Prohibi- State cannot revoke. Opinion of the Justices (Maine, 1919), 118 time limit for, of Eighteenth Amendment valid. Dillon v. Gloss (1921), 256 U. S. 368 RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATES, chief purpose of adoption of Constitution to bring about harmonious. Ableman v. Booth (1858), 21 How. 506 (517) RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, 223 171 V 256 V 143 not justification for polygamy. Mormon Church v. United States (1890), 136 U. S. 1 (49) 198 RENT, regulating law of New York upheld as not taking property. 95 REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT, what constitutes, a political not a judicial question. Luther v. Borden (1848), 7 How. 1; Georgia v. Stanton (1867), 6 Wall. 50 (57); Pacific States etc. v. Oregon (1912), 223 U. S. 118 Act of Congress requiring private books and papers in evidence void. Boyd v. United States (1886), 116 U. S. 616 information gained by illegal seizure of books cannot support later demand. Silverthorne etc. v. United States (1920), 251 U. S. 385 mail can be opened by Government only in accordance with Constitution. Ex parte Jackson (1877), 96 U. S. 727 must conform strictly to constitutional requirements. v. United States (1921), 255 U. S. 298; Amos v. United States MENT. SELF-INCRIMINATION. See FIFTH AMENDMEN SLAVE, taken to England became a free man. Somerset's Case (1772), Lofft's Report, 1; 20 Howell's State Trials, 79 See also FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW. SOLITARY CONFINEMENT, added to death penalty after act committed unconstitutional as STATE, boundaries and other controversies between States made justiciable 86 140 142 127, 143 cannot sue Nation when consent not given. Kansas v. United States (1907), 204 U. S. 331 cannot try National officer for act committed in line of duty. In U. S. 436 STATE PRIDE, 51 139 127 Smith v. Reeves (1900), 178 142 not offended by National sovereignty. Ableman v. Booth (1858), 179, 183 SUIT, against State maintainable by citizen of another State. Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), 2 Dallas, 419 142 142 but not since adoption of Twelfth Amendment. Hollingsworth SUPREME COURT, has original jurisdiction of controversies between States. Kansas Constitution invalidates all conflicting laws. National Prohibi- Treaty is, prevailing over States. Missouri v. Holland (1920), 252 and repeal discussed by Supreme Court. Parsons v. United States TERRITORY, new, comes in only by Act of Congress. Insular Cases, 182 U. S. 1; 178 183 U. S. 176; 190 U. S. 197; 195 U. S. 138; 197 U. S. THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT, 72, 157, 222, 244 denounces all personal servitudes as well as slavery. SlaughterHouse Cases (1872), 16 Wall. 36 not violated by law for compulsory work on roads. Butler v. Perry United States V. Rhodes profound effect of, stated by Court. (1866), 27 Federal Cases No. 16151 violated by law making criminal a refusal to perform contract to labor. Bailey v. Alabama (1911), 219 U. S. 219 violated by State law requiring one convicted to work out fine for bondsman. United States v. Reynolds (1914), 235 U. S. 133 TRADE-MARK, legislation not authorized by Copyright clause. Trade-Mark Cases (1879), 100 U. S. 82 TREATY, is supreme law prevailing over States. Missouri v. Holland TREASON, 233 234 233 178, 227 and overt act discussed by Chief Justice Marshall. United States v. Burr (1807), 25 Federal Cases Nos. 14692 et seq. TRIAL, editor cannot be taken to distant district for. United States v. cannot be sued without its consent. Louisiana v. McAdoo (1914), 234 U. S. 627 VOTE, right to, comes from State; protection to, from Nation. Minor v. Happersett (1874), 21 Wall. 162 WAR, United States v. Cruikshank (1875), 92 U. S. 542 (556) does not oust courts except in area of military occupation. WOMAN, did not receive privilege of voting through Fourteenth Amend- |