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of learning in other languages as they may deem expedient, including hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic stimulants and narcotics upon the human body; # * (Page 63.)

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Alcoholic drinks and narcotics (page 79).

AN ACT to provide for the study of the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene by the pupils in the public schools of the State. Approved April 4, 1887. In force July 4, 1887. [L. '87, p. 378.]

NATURE AND EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS AND NARCOTICS TO BE TAUGHT.

SECTION 1. That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and special instructions as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be included in the branches of study taught in the public schools of the State, and shall be studied and taught as thoroughly and in the same manner as other like required branches are in said schools, by the use of text-books designated by the board of directors of the respective school districts, in the hands of pupils where other branches are thus studied in said schools, and by all pupils in all said schools throughout the State. [L. '87, p. 378, sec. 1; Mills Ann. St., sec. 4046.]

FAILURE TO ENFORCE PROVISIONS OF ACT-PENALTY.

SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the proper officers in control of any school described in the foregoing section to enforce the provisions of this act; and any such officer, school director, committee, superintendent, or teacher who shall refuse, fail, or neglect to comply with the requirements of this act, or shall neglect, refuse, or fail or [to] make proper provisions for the instruction required, and in the manner specified by the first section of this act, for all pupils in each and every school under his or her jurisdiction, shall be removed from office, and the vacancy filled as in other cases. [L. '87, p. 379, sec. 2; Mills Ann. St., sec. 4047.]

CONNECTICUT.

[From Bulletin No. 11, 1901, public acts relating to education passed January session, 1901 (page 4).] CHAPTER 81.-The study of physiology and hygiene.

(School laws, 1900, sections 41, 42, 79, 93.)

SECTION 1. The effects of alcohol and narcotics on health, and especially on character, shall be taught in connection with hygiene, as a regular branch of study, to all pupils above the third grade in all graded public schools except public high schools.

SEC. 2. Suitable text-books of physiology and hygiene, which explain the effects of alcohol and narcotics on the human system, shall be used in grades above the fifth in all graded public schools except public high schools.

SEC. 3. The provisions of sections one and two of this act shall apply, in ungraded public schools, to classes corresponding to the grades designated in said sections. SEC. 4. All normal schools and teachers' training schools shall give instruction in the subjects prescribed in section one of this act and in the best methods of teaching such subjects.

SEC. 5. No certificate to teach in grades above the third shall be granted to any person who has not passed a satisfactory examination in the subjects prescribed in section one of this act.

SEC. 6. If it shall be satisfactorily proven to the comptroller that any town or district having pupils above the third grade has failed to meet the requirements

of this act, such failure shall be deemed sufficient cause for withholding, in whole or in part, school dividends which such town or district would otherwise be entitled to receive.

SEC. 7. Chapter clvii of the Public Acts of 1893 and sections 2100 and 2141 of the General Statutes are hereby repealed.

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DELAWARE.

[From Delaware School Laws for Free Public Schools, 1898.]

SEC. 16. *It shall be the further duty of each of said committees and boards of education to see that all the pupils in all the free schools in the district are instructed in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system, and to see that all the said schools are sufficiently supplied with such text-books relating to such subjects as are furnished the district in the distribution of free text-books hereinafter provided. Any teacher in any of the free schools of the State, failing to so instruct all the pupils under his governance, shall, unless ordered to the contrary by a school officer having authority over him, be liable to a fine of $25, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of the proper county by any informer; and any school officer ordering a teacher under him not to instruct the pupils as aforesaid shall be liable to like fine, recoverable as aforesaid by any informer. (Page 24.)

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SEC. 24. * * Every person who is of a good moral character, and who shall in examination answer 90 per centum of the questions asked in orthography, reading, writing, mental arithmetic, written arithmetic, geography, physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effect of alcoholic stimulants and narcotics upon the human system, shall receive from the superintendent

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The requirements for second grade and provisional certificates likewise include the study of physiology and hygiene.-(Ed.)

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

[U. S. Statutes, Forty-ninth Congress, first session.]

CCCLXII.

AN ACT to provide for the study of the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and of their effects upon the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, by the pupils in the public schools of the Territories and of the District of Columbia, and in the Military and Naval Academies, and Indian and colored schools in the Territories of the United States.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled:

SECTION 1. That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and special instruction as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be included in the branches of study taught in the common or public schools, and in the Military and Naval Schools, and shall be studied and taught as thoroughly, and in the same manner, as other like required branches are in said schools, by the use of text-books in the hands of pupils where other branches are thus studied in said schools and by all pupils in all said schools throughout the Territories, in the Military and Naval Academies of the United States, and in the District of Columbia, and in all Indian and colored schools in the Territories of the United States.

SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the proper officers in control of any school described in the foregoing section to enforce the provisions of this act; and any such officer, school director, committee, superintendent, or teacher, who shall refuse or neglect to comply with the requirements of this act or shall neglect or fail to make proper provisions for the instruction required, and in the manner

specified by the first section of this act, for all pupils in each and every school under his jurisdiction, shall be removed from office and the vacancy filled as in other cases.

SEC. 3. That no certificate shall be granted to any person to teach in the public schools of the District of Columbia or Territories after the first day of January, anno Domini 1888, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the nature and the effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics upon the human system.

Approved, May 20, 1886.

FLORIDA,

[From Digest of the School Laws of the State of Florida, 1900. (Pages 16, 18.)]

SEC. 40. Each board of public instruction is directed— * * *

14th. To prescribe, in consultation with prominent teachers, a course of study for the schools of the county and grade them properly, and to require to be taught in every public school in the country over which they preside elementary physiology, especially as it relates to the effects of alcoholic stimulants and narcotics, morally, mentally, and physically; and all persons applying for certificates to teach shall be examined upon this branch of study under the same conditions as other branches required by law. (Rev. Stat., sec. 242, 10th.)

GEORGIA,

Physiology and hygiene to be taught in public schools.

No. 367.

AN ACT to provide for the teaching of physiology and hygiene (physiology, which shall include with other hygiene the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics upon the human system) in the public schools in Georgia; to provide a penalty in case any board of education, in city or county, fails to provide for the teaching of the same, and requiring all teachers to stand a satisfactory examination upon said subject as for other subjects.

SECTION I. Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Georgia, and be it hereby enacted by authority of the same, That the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics, and special instruction as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with the several divisions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall be included in the branches of study taught in common or public schools in the State of Georgia, and shall be studied and taught as thoroughly and in the same manner as other like required branches are in said schools.

SEC. II. It shall be the duty of county and city superintendents of schools receiving aid from the State to report to the State school commissioner any failures or neglect on the part of the board of education; to makę provisions for instructions of all pupils in any and all of the schools under their jurisdiction, in physiology and hygiene (physiology, which shall include with other hygiene the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics upon the human system); and the board of education of each county of this State shall adopt proper rules to carry the provisions of this law into effect.

SEC. III. No license shall be granted any person to teach in the public schools, receiving money from the State, after the first Monday in January, 1903, who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physiology and hygiene (physiology, which shall include with other hygiene the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks with other narcotics upon the human system).

SEC. IV. Be it further enacted that all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed.

Approved, December 17, 1901.

HAWAII.

See District of Columbia.

IDAHO.

[From General School Laws of the State of Idaho, 1901. (Page 29.)]

SEC. 1028. Certificates, to whom granted.-The county superintendent shall grant certificates in such form as the State superintendent shall prescribe to those persons only who shall have attained the age of eighteen years, who have attended the said public examination and shall be found to possess good and moral character, thorough scholarship, and ability to govern and instruct the school, but no certificate shall be granted to any person, except to applicants for primary certificates, who shall not pass a satisfactory examination in orthography, reading, writing, grammar, arithmetic, geography, history of the United States, civil government, physiology, and hygiene, with particular reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system,

ILLINOIS.

[From Illinois School Law, 1901. (Pages 91-92.)]

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AN ACT to amend "An act relating to the study of physiology and hygiene in the public schools," approved June 1, 1889, in force July 1, 1889. Approved June 9, 1897, in force July 1, 1897.

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the people of the State of Illinois, represented in the general assembly, That “An act relating to the study of physiology and hygiene in the public schools," approved June 1, 1889, in force July 1, 1889, be amended so as to read as follows:

That the nature of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics and their effects on the human system shall be taught in connection with the various divisions of physiology and hygiene as thoroughly as are other branches in all schools under State control, or supported wholly or in part by public money, and also in all schools connected with reformatory institutions.

All pupils in the above-mentioned schools below the second year of the high schools and above the third year of school work, computing from the beginning of the lowest primary year, or in corresponding classes of ungraded schools, shall be taught and shall study this subject every year from suitable text-books in the hands of all pupils, for not less than four lessons a week for ten or more weeks of each year, and must pass the same tests in this as in other studies.

In all schools above mentioned all pupils in the lowest three primary school years, or in corresponding classes in ungraded schools, shall each year be instructed in this subject orally for not less than three lessons a week for ten weeks in each year, by teachers using text-books adapted for such oral instruction as a guide and standard.

The local school authorities shall provide needed facilities and definite time and place for this branch in the regular course of study.

The text-books in the pupils' hands shall be graded to the capacities of the fourth year, intermediate, grammar, and high school pupils, or to corresponding classes as found in ungraded schools.

For students below high-school grade, such text-books shall give at least onefifth their space, and for students of high-school grade shall give not less than twenty pages to the nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics. The pages on this subject, in a separate chapter at the end of the book, shall not be counted in determining the minimum.

SEC. 2. In all normal schools, teachers' training classes, and teachers' institutes, adequate time and attention shall be given to instruction in the best methods of

teaching this branch, and no teacher shall be licensed who has not passed a satisfactory examination in this subject and the best methods of teaching it.

Any school officer or officers who shall neglect or fail to comply with the provisions of this act shall forfeit and pay for each offense the sum of not less than five dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars.

INDIANA.

[From School Law of Indiana, 1901-2. (Pages 205-206.)]

(1895, p. 375. Approved March 14, 1895. In force June 28, 1895.)

228. Effect of alcoholic drinks and narcotics.-1. The nature of alcoholic drinks. and narcotics and their effects on the human system in connection with the subjects of physiology and hygiene shall be included in the branches to be regularly taught in the common schools of the State and in all educational institutions supported wholly or in part by money received from the State, and it shall be the duty of the boards of education and boards of such educational institutions, the township trustees, the board of school trustees of the several cities and towns in this State, to make provisions for such instruction in the schools and institutions under their jurisdiction, and to adopt such methods as shall adapt the same to the capacity of the pupils in the various grades therein; but it shall be deemed a sufficient compliance with the requirements of this section if provision be made for such instruction orally only, and without the use of text-books by the pupils. (R. S., 1897, § 6201.)

229. Teachers examined concerning.-2. No certificate shall be granted to any person [on] or after the first day of July, 1895, to teach in the common school or in any educational institution supported as aforesaid who does not pass a satisfactory examination as to the nature of alcoholic drinks and narcotics and their effects upon the human system. (R. S., 1897, § 6118.)

230. Failure to teach effects-dismissal.—3. Any superintendent or principal of, or teacher in any common school or educational institution supported as aforesaid, who willfully refuses or neglects to give the instruction required by this act shall be dismissed from his or her employment. (R. S., 1897, § 6202.)

INDIAN TERRITORY.

See District of Columbia.

IOWA.

[From Iowa School Laws and Decisions, 1902.]

The normal school.

SEC. 2677. Branches of study.-Physiology and hygiene shall be included in the branches of study regularly taught to and studied by all pupils in the school, and special reference shall be made to the effect of alcoholic drinks, stimulants, and narcotics upon the human system; and the board of trustees shall provide the means for the enforcement of the provisions of this section, and see that they are obeyed. [25 G. A., ch. 1, §1.] (Page 117.)

Examination of teachers.

SEC. 2736. Subject.—The examination shall include competency in and ability to teach orthography, reading, writing, arithmetic, geography, grammar, history of the United States, didactics, and physiology and hygiene, which latter, in each ED 1902-21

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