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this character is chiefly used in the Old and New Testa

ments.

"A quotation "". Two inverted commas are generally placed at the beginning of a phrase or a passage, which is quoted or transcribed from the speaker or author in his own words, and two commas in their direct position, are placed at the conclusion; as,

"The proper study of mankind is man."

"An Index or Handpoints out a remarkable passage, or something that requires particular attention. "A Brace} is used in poetry at the end of a triplet or three lines, which have the same rhyme. In prose, braces are also used to connect a number of words with one common term, and are introduced to prevent a repetition in writing or printing.

"An Asterisk or star* directs the reader to some note in the margin, or at the bottom of the page. Two or three asterisks generally denote the omission of some letters in a word, or of some bold or indelicate expression, or some defect in the manuscript.

"A dash- - is often used elliptically, when some letters in a word, or some words are omitted: as, 'The k-g,' for 'the king.' In the place of an obscene or blasphemous word, a dash is commonly substituted.'

No. VIII.

List of Authors, any of whose works have, in the compilation of this Essay, been in any way made use of (ex

cepting for quotations used as examples) or referred to, and the Titles of many of the Works :

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AINSWORTH, ROBERT, a learned English grammarian, born 1660. Thesaurus Linguæ Latinæ; 4to edition, 1772; edited by Patrick.

ARISTOTLE. Aristotelis Rhetorica ex Recensione Immanuelis Bekkeri; Berlin, 1831.

ARISTOPHANES of Byzantium, the founder of the Alexandrine school of criticism, was born B.C. about 240: only a small part of his works remain:-quoted on the authority of Vossius.

BLAIR, HUGH, D.D., F.R.S., Ed., one of the Ministers of the High Church, and Professor of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres in the University of Edinburgh. Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres.

BRENAN, JUSTIN. Composition and Punctuation familiary explained for those who have neglected the Study of Grammar; third edition.

BURROW, SIR JAMES, Knight, F.R.S, and F.S.A., Master of the Crown Office, and among the legal profession a well-known Reporter. A Few Thoughts upon Pointing and some other Helps towards Perspicuity of Expression, added by way of Appendix to the first volume of his Reports of the Decisions of the Court of King's Bench upon Settlement Cases; London, 1768.

N.B.-Sir James afterwards enlarged The Thoughts upon Pointing, and published them as an Essay on Punctuation, entitled, "De Ratione et usu Interpungendi:" this Essay I have not met with.

CAMPBELL, GEORGE, D.D., a minister of the Scotch Church, born 1719. Philosophy of Rhetoric. CHAMBERS' Cyclopedia.

CICERO. M. T. Ciceronis ad Marc. Brutum Orator; one of the Delphine editions reprinted at the Clarendon, 1716.

COBBETT, WILLIAM, formerly M.P. for Oldham. A Grammar of the English Language.

EUTHALIUS. Quoted from Horne's Introduction to the Scriptures.

GAZA, THEODORE, born at Thessalonica in 1358. One of his principal works was Grammaticæ Græcæ, printed in Greek at Venice in 1455, and with the Latin translation of Erasmus, at Basil, in 1522: mentioned on the authority of the Port Royal Latin Grammar.

HEDERICUS, BENJAMIN, born in 1675. M. Beni. Hederici Lexicon, recensitum et auctum a Sam. Patrick, L.L.D.; tert. edit. a Gul. Young, 1755.

HERMOGENES, a Greek rhetorician, who flourished about the year 161. Only a portion of his works remain : mentioned on the authority of Vossius.

HOME, HENRY-See KAMES.

HORNE, THOMAS HARTWELL, M.A. Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures: sixth edition, 1828.

JEROME OF HIERONYMUS, ST. One of the Fathers of the Church; he studied at Rome under Donatus the Grammarian: cited on the authority of Horne.

JOHNSON, SAMUEL, L.L.D., born 1709. Dictionary of the English Language.

KAMES LORD, HENRY HOME, a Scotch judge, born 1696. Elements of Criticism: 4th edition, 1769.

KETT, HENRY, B.D., Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford. Elements of General Knowledge, 1802. LANCELOT, CLAUDE, Author of the Greek and Latin Grammars commonly called The Port Royal Grammars ;

he out of modesty concealed himself under the general name of the Society of Port Royal. The Latin Grammar: an English translation, by T. Nugent, L.L.D.

LIPSIUS, JUSTUs, an eminent critic, born 1547. His Notes to an edition of the works of Seneca.-See SENECA. LOWTH, ROBERT, born 1710, Bishop of St. David's and afterwards of London. A Short Introduction to English Grammar, with Critical Notes: a new edition, corrected; published by J. Dodsley and T. Cadell, 1775.

MATTHÆI, AUGUSTUS. Greek Grammar, in German, by Augustus Matthæi, translated by E. V. Blomfield, and revised by John Kenrick, M.A. 1837.

MURRAY, LINDLEY. English Grammar, with an Appendix, Twenty-fourth edition, 1813. Mr. Murray was a native of Pennsylvania, a Member of the Society of Friends, and in the latter part of his life domiciliated in England.

PORT ROYAL DES CHAMPS. A celebrated French school, which flourished from 1646 to 1660: its professors published in concert a number of school books, of high reputation-See LANCELOT.

QUINCTILIAN. M. Fabii, Quinctiliani de Institutione Oratoria Libri Duodecim: edited by James Ingram, S.T.B., then Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, 1809: now Principal of the same college.

SCALIGER, JULIUS CESAR. A learned critic, born 1484: quoted on the authority of Vossius.

SCHREVELIUS, CORNELIUS, died in 1667. Cornelii Schrevelii Lexicon Græco-Latinum et Latino-Græcum: studio et opera Josephi Hill: editio duodecima.

SENECA. Senecæ Opera: edited by Justus Lipsius; printed at Antwerp in 1615, with notes by the Editor.

Swift, Jonathan, Dean of St. Patrick's, born 1667.

VALPY, EDWARD REV., Master of the Grammar School, Norwich. Elegantiæ Latinæ, or Rules and Exercises illustrative of elegant Latin Style; third edition.

VERGARA. Mentioned on the authority of the Port Royal Latin Grammar.

Vossius, Gerhardus Joannes, born 1577. Commenteriorum Rhetoricorum Sive Oratiorarum Institutionum, Libri Sex quint. edit. 1681. Marburgi.

WARD, DR., one of the Gresham Professors: mentioned on the authority of Chambers' and Rees' Cyclopedias ; in Rees, his work is thus quoted, Vol. i. Lect. 22.

WHATELEY, RICHARD, D.D., Sometime Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, afterwards Principal of St. Alban's Hall, and now Archbishop of Dublin. Elements of Rhetoric; third edition, 1830. Elements of Logic; fourth edition, 1831.

Most, if not all, of our cyclopedias, and many of our grammars, say something of punctuation. Chambers speaks of Buffier, a French author, who wrote upon the subject.

No. IX.

In founts of letters, in which the number of the letter m is 3000, and the number of the letter e is 12000, the proportions of the common points have been as follows:

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