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to the Surrey and London Dispensaries, Honorary Member of the R. P. S. Ed. Massachusetts H. S. Manchester L. P. S. &c. Vol. I." 8vo.

made by individuals than had ever before been known; and many lives were saved by himself and other medical men, which would otherwise have certainly been lost; and Mr. Hawes, at his own expence, paid the rewards in these cases for twelve months, which amounted to a considerable sum. His excellent friend Dr. Cogan (then somewhat known to the publick, and since much better known by several valuable publications), who had long turned his thoughts to this subject, remonstrated with him on the injury which his private fortune would sustain from a perseverance in these expences; and he at last consented to share them with the publick. Dr. Cogan and he agreed to join their strength; and each of them bringing forward fifteen friends to a meeting at the Chapter coffee-house in 1774, the Humane Society was instantly formed. From this period the weight and organization of the infant institution devolved in great measure on Mr. Hawes, whose undeviating labours have, it is hoped, established it for ever; and without which, there would very probably not have been at this time a similar establishment in Europe, America, or India; where Humane Societies have now multiplied with every great stream that fructifies the soil of those different regions. In 1774, he published Goldsmith's last Illness," whose death he ascribed to the impro"An Account of Dr. per administration of a popular medicine; and from this unfortunate event he deduced many useful cautions respecting the exhibition of powerful medicines. In 1777, appeared his "Address on Premature Death and Premature Interment;" which he liberally distributed, in order to awaken attention in the public mind, against the too early interment of persons supposed to be dead, before it was clearly ascertained that life was totally extinct. This performance had been suggested to his mind, even prior to the establishment of the great object of resuscitation, which he afterwards so successfully pursued. lished, his third Edition of an "Examination of the Reverend In 1780 was pubJohn Wesley's Primitive Physick;" in which the absurdities and dangerous remedies recommended by that venerable and (on many other accounts) respectable writer were acutely exposed by a combination of irony and serious argument. In 1780, or 1781, he removed to Palsgrave-place, and commenced practice as a Physician; the Degree of Doctor of Medicine having been conferred upon him some time before. In 1781, Dr. Hawes published "An Address to the Legislature, on the Importance of the Humane Society;" and, by his steady perseverance, and personal endeavours, he lived to see most of his objects realized, as conducive to the restoration of suspended animation. About the same period, appeared his "Address to the King and Par

liament

"Prayers and Thanksgivings, principally intended for the Use of Children, but to be used, on suitable Occasions, by Persons of all Ages and Degrees; with Rules for the Regulation of a Sunday

liament of Great Britain; with Observations on the General Bills of Mortality." These useful and interesting publications gradually raised the reputation of the Author to the notice of many learned, as well as benevolent, characters. In the same year, he was elected Physician to the Surrey Dispensary; and about the same time, commenced his medical lectures on suspended animation; and was the first, and perhaps the only, person that ever introduced the subject as a part of medical education. These Lectures were closed by a proposal of bestowing prize-medals, suggested by the ardour of his mind, and founded by his munificence; and in October 1782, the gold medal was awarded, by four respectable Physicians, to Dr. Richard Pearson, of Birmingham, and the silver medal to a writer whose paper was signed Humanitas. Since that period similar prize-medals, bestowed by the Medical Society, have given rise to the invaluable works of Pearson, Goodwin, Coleman, Kite, and Fothergill. In 1782, Dr. Hawes removed to East-cheap; and (having been elected Physician to the London Dispensary in 1785) to Bury-street, in 1786; and in 1791 tc Spital-square. In 1793, when the manufactories of cottons had so far superseded those of silks as to occasion temporary want, and even beggary, among the artisans in Spital-fields, Dr. Hawes singly stood forward; and, principally by his activity, 1200 families were snatched from ruin. On this emergency he published a short address, which does great credit to his humanity and good sense. In 1795, Dr. Hawes favoured the publick with the Svo volume noticed above, which was dedicated to the King by Royal permission. This worthy man died Dec. 5, 1808, and was interred in the new burying-ground at Islington.

A handsome mural tablet to his memory (an Engraving of which is here annexed) was placed, by the unanimous vote of the Royal Humane Society, in Islington Church. And here let me add,

A Friend inscrib'd the tomb, whose tears bedew'd the hearse!" Mrs. Hawes died Sept. 25, 1814; and I had the melancholy satisfaction of accompanying her remains to the same grave.

Dr. Hawes was a man totally without guile; and self never entered into his contemplation. There was a simplicity of manners, the result of an innocent and unsuspecting heart. Without possessing, or affecting to possess, any very superior literary talents, he contrived to furnish to the publick an acceptable work in his "Annual Reports." His practice had been considerable; and his medical knowledge was respectable. In the resuscitative art he was eminently skilled. He was an Honorary Member of the Massachusetts Humane Society; and of many

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School; to which are added, brief Reflections on the proper Employment of our Time: also a few pertinent Passages, carefully selected from the Holy Scriptures, against Swearing, Lying, Evil-speaking, and Intemperance. By Samuel Hopkinson*, B. D. late Fellow of Clare Hall." 12mo.

others at Edinburgh, Manchester, Bath, &c. &c. and a VicePresident of the London Electrical Dispensary. The Royal Humane Society is a shining and an eminent proof of his philanthropy; an institution which has been found highly useful, and to establish which he employed many years of his life. The moment in which one of the Anniversaries of the Society were at an end, he began to meditate plans for the success of the ensuing year. The nomination of succeeding Stewards, the augmentation of the list of regular Subscribers, and obtaining Churches and Preachers for the benefit of his favourite Institution, were never out of his sight; and so much, indeed, did the Humane Society engross his attention, that his own immediate interests appeared to him to be subordinate considerations. Throughout the year, he rose at five every morning, to write his numerous letters, which were seldom very short. He was always ready to afford both his pecuniary and his professional assistance to distress; and his name ought to be recorded among those who add to the character of the Nation, by the establishment of Institutions founded on benevolent principles.

* Mr. Hopkinson and some of his publications have been noticed in page 53 of the present Volume; particularly his “ Religious and Moral Reflections;" of which a Second Edition, 1813, is thus inscribed to his Diocesan, George Bishop of Lincoln:

"My Lord; Twenty years have elapsed since this little work was offered to the Publick. I could not, then, aspire to the honour of prefixing your name; but, encouraged by the manner, wherein it was generally received: more especially, by what you was pleased to say on that occasion, which you, since, had the goodness to confirm by a particular instance of your favour, I, now, venture to dedicate to you a second extended edition. To whom can writings calculated, as I hope this is, to promote the cause of religion, be so aptly inscribed, as to one who, blessed with great endowments, attained through a course of virtuous industry from his youth, at a period, unusually early, to the highest rank of his calling, which he has never ceased by his literary and official labours to adorn? May the salutary influence of your example long continue to animate your Clergy, and, while it cannot fail, under an approving Providence, to enlighten the existing race, may it contribute to the general felicity of mankind !"In 1800 Mr. Hopkinson published, from the Stamford press, "Causes of the Scarcity investigated;" also

"An

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