Joseph Budworth, late Lieutenant of the 72d, or Royal Manchester Volunteers in the Bengal Artillery, and the North Hants Militia; Author of A Fortnight's Ramble to the Lakes."

Half-pay. Written at Gibraltar, on a very Stormy Evening, with the melancholy Prospect of going upon Half-pay*."

the yellow-fever, and who resolutely brought his ship into Ĝibraltar, and several times into Minorca, during the Sieges. This circumstance alone would disarm criticism, if the manly sentiments of the Author, and the glorious subject on which he so warmly writes, were not sufficient to secure our commendation." Gent. Mag. LXIV. 1128. *The following Dedication to this Poem contains sentiments of which every Englishman may be proud. "To Hans Sloane, Esq. M. P. for Christ-Church, Hampshire, Colonel of the North Hants Regiment of Militia.

Sir, When men of considerable landed property quit domestic ease to bustle through the tented field, such deserve well of their Country; at the same time they prove the good policy of being ready to protect the Nation, and the great stake they have in it. I have often followed you, when at the head of your family of FIVE HUNDRED; and have been highly gratified at the attention of the men, and the skill in manoeuvring them. That your Regiment should be well-disciplined, is not astonishing, when we have witnessed the activity of your honest Veteran, who is constantly about them. A Regiment of Desperadoes may be forced into the nicest point of field propriety; but the greatest pride of a National Militia is the enrolling of hardy friends together, and bringing the leading character of the County along with them. Who, but a decent race of husbandmen, when a Company had been violently cheated by a baker, and half the informing money offered to them, would have spontaneously said, We do not prosecute for money, but for justice!' and modestly declined the sum tendered by the Mayor of Rochester? I never saw one soldier in liquor during the four months I was encamped with them; and I do not remember one man being absent from a roll-call during that time. These facts speak too well to be commented upon, and convince us how much we may depend upon this our virtuous national force. When the Militia was called out, I followed our mutual friend, and had the luck to be in your Regiment; and I esteem it a most fortunate event, as it made me acquainted with some valuable Officers, and I have had an opportunity of studying the native character of that most useful order of our fellow-creatures in the Hampshire Husbandinen. I only left you because the alarms that were afloat when you were embodied had subsided; but, should Invasion or necessity

call

"A Tour through the Isle of Thanet, and some other places of East Kent, including a particular

call forth the exertion of every Englishman, I am glad to have your promise that I shall be received as a Volunteer. There is only one man that I should give the preference to, but who has retired from the Army. When my native Town of Manchester nobly gave One Thousand Men to Government, and even cloathed them until they arrived at Gibraltar, they were put under the command of Lieutenant-colonel Gledstanes. A finer Regiment of recruits had never been seen before; and, in a very short time, from the indefatigable exertions of the Colonel, they were completelydisciplined. He treated them with strictness, without severity; humanity, without relaxing in duty; he so well won them, the remains (for they are sadly thinned!) speak of him as their father. Charge me with partiality-but I never saw so fine a body of men, or more undaunted soldiers, than the Old Royal Manchester Volunteers; and it is not to be wondered at, when they had such distinguished Regiments to imitate, in the old corps of the Garrison. I was the oldest man but one, in a Company of one hundred strong, at twenty-one; and it is great credit to them, and satisfaction to their Officers, to have seen them return to their looms with as much industry as they had shewn alertness against the common Enemy of Gibraltar. You, Sir, may judge what that corps once was, by the appearance their countrymen made at Brighton encampment, where we had the pleasure of seeing the Lancashire and the Hampshire men good-humoured, and hand-in-hand together-in countenance they resembled the younger brothers of the Lancashire Militia. My countrymen having for an Adjutant an Officer who entered the Army the same day I did, and whose conduct was conspicuous on every occasion-and I know no one who is a greater honour to his native place than my friend—this young man, when a store, in which an amazing quantity of flour was on fire from the Enemy, though not on duty, collected the unemployed of the Regiment, and, in the midst of the flames and fire, saved a great number of barrels; for which, the next morning, General Elliot thanked him, and gave him a handsome present to distribute amongst his men; and the Garrison may be said to be obliged to this enterprising young Officer for a supply of bread. Justice induces me to mention, what his mo desty would never allow him to speak of. I know it is right, both towards Colonel Gledstanes and yourself, to say, you have often in the field, and in your humane manners to the men, reminded me of him; and the only reason why I could give a preference is a just one gratitude to the man who taught me to be a Soldier, and who, like yourself, always treated me as a Friend. In presenting to you this production of my Gibraltar idle-hours, I have in recollection the friendship that subsisted between you and General Elliot, who, it is distressing to think, like the invincible Marlborough

Description of the Churches in that extensive District." [By Zachariah Cozens *.]

"The Third Volume of the Antiquities of Athens, measured and delineated, by James Stuart, F.R.S.

Marlborough, was fallen almost to a state of fatuity before he died; and we have heard, with disgust, the malevolent charge him with being ostentatious, when, alas! he has only acted from a relaxed state of intellect. I cannot, good Sir, offer you the studied efforts of the closet-I am no scholar; but you have the unlaboured effusions of a mind that was in the midst of the scenes it attempts to describe; and, if it may tend to give an unadorned account of an event the world was once interested about, it will not concern me if I should be said to fail in the Poetry. May dissensions in this most favoured Country cease! may we lay our shoulders to the wheel, and not forget the soil we have to protect (with all its valuables), if rashness should dare to invade it!-and, in due time, may the errors complained of be wisely corrected! and 'God save the King,' and happiness to the people! I have the honour to subscribe myself, with regard and esteem, dear Sir, &c. &c. JOSEPH BUDWORTH."

* This modest Author is well known and duly respected at Margate; where he has long been one of the foremost in every charitable and philanthropic institution-particularly in the public Schools in that town, and the Sea-Bathing Infirmary in its immediate vicinity. He has also for many years been an esteemed Correspondent in the pages of Mr. Urban, sometimes under his own signature, but oftener under initials assumed from the title of an office he very commendably fills; namely, T.MOT.F.S.M. Anglice, "The Master of the Free School, Margate.”

† James Stuart, Esq. was born in Creed Lane, London, in 1713. His father was a native of Scotland; his mother from Wales. Though in humble circumstances, they were honest and worthy people; and gave their son the best education in their power. At his father's death, the widow was left with four children, of whom Mr. Stuart was the eldest, totally unprovided for. He exhibited, at a very early period of life, the seeds of a strong imagination, brilliant talents, and a general thirst for knowledge; drawing and painting were his first occupations, and these he pursued with such unabated perseverance and industry, that, while yet a boy, he contributed very essentially to the support of his widowed mother and her little family, by designing and painting fans for the famous Goupee of the Strand; in whose care he some time after placed one of his sisters, as shop-woman, and for many years continued to pursue the same mode of maintaining the rest of his family. Notwithstanding the extreme pressure of such a charge, and notwithstanding the many inducements which constantly attract a young man of lively genius and extensive talents, he employed the greatest part of his time

and F. S. A. and Nicholas Revett, Painters and

in those studies which tended to the perfecting himself in the art he loved. He attained a very accurate knowledge of anatomy; he became a correct draftsman, and rendered himself a master of geometry, and all the branches of the mathematics so necessary to form the mind of a good painter and it is no less extraordinary than true, that necessity and application were his only instructors; he has often confessed that he was first led into the obligation of studying the Latin language by the desire of understanding what was written under prints published after pictures of the antient masters. As his years increased, so his information accompanied their progress; he acquired a great proficiency in the Greek language, and his unparalleled strength of mind carried him into the familiar association with most of the sciences, and chiefly that of Architecture. His stature was of the middle size, but athletic; of robust constitution, and 'a natural courage invincible by terror; and a bold perseverance, unshaken by the most poignant difficulties. The following fact may serve as a proof of his fortitude :-A wen had grown to an inconvenient size upon the front of his forehead. One day being in conversation with an eminent surgeon, he asked how it could be removed. The Surgeon acquainted him with the length of the process; to which Mr. Stuart objected on account of its interruption of his pursuits, and asked if he could not cut it out, and then it would be only necessary to heal the part. The Surgeon replied in the affirmative, but mentioned the very excruciating pain and danger of such an operation. Upon which Mr. Stuart, after a minute's reflection, threw himself back in his chair, and said, "I'll sit still, do it now." The operation was performed with success. With such qualifications, though yet almost in penury, he conceived the design of seeing Rome and Athens; the ties of filial and fraternal affection made him protract the journey till he could ensure a certain provision for his mother, and his brother and second sister. His mother died: he had soon after the good fortune to place his brother and sister in a situation likely to produce them a comfortable support; and then, with a very scanty pittance in his pocket, he set out, in 1741, on foot, upon his expedition to Rome; and thus he performed the greatest part of his journey; travelling through Holland, France, &c. and stopping through necessity at Paris, and several other places in his way, where, by his ingenuity as an Artist, he procured some moderate supplies towards prosecuting the rest of his journey. At Fone he was joined by Mr. Revett; and at that place they continued six or seven years, engaged closely in the study of Painting, and there, in 1748, they jointly circulated "Proposals for publishing an authentic Description of Athens, &c." For that purpose they quitted Rome in March 1750; but did not reach Athens till March 1751; where, in about two months, they were met by Mr. Dawkins and Mr. Wood; whose admira

but

Architects; a very handsome Imperial Folio. The

tion of the great qualities and wonderful perseverance of Mr. Stuart secured their patronage both for himself and Mr. Revett. The generous-spirited and enterprising Dawkins, in particular, was glad to encourage associates in scientific investigation, who possessed equal ardour with himself, but with very unequal means, for prosecuting those enquiries in which they were all engaged with so much similarity of disposition and eagerness of pursuit. They had not the happiness of seeing their friend Mr. John Bouverie at Athens; as that gentleman never visited the Antiquities of Athens, Balbec, or Palmyra; but died Sept. 8, 1750, in his 29th year, at Smyrna, where he was buried with a long and elegant inscription on his tomb*. During his residence at Athens, Mr. Stuart became a master of Architecture and Fortification; and, having no limits to which his mind could be restricted, he engaged in the army of the Queen of Hungary, where he served a campaign voluntarily as chief engineer. On his return to Athens, he applied himself more closely to make drawings, and take the exact measurements of the Athenian Architecture. He left Athens in 1753, still accompanied by his friend Revett; and, after visiting Thessalonica, Smyrna, and the Islands of the Archipelago, arrived in England in the beginning of 1755, after a laborious and expensive expedition of five years; and in 1762 they published the result of their accurate observations and measurements, in "The Antiquities of Athens;" which, from its classical accuracy, will ever remain as an honour to this Nation, and as a lasting monument of their skill. The First Volume was beautifully printed by John Haberkorn, and graced with a long and respectable List of Subscribers; the Dedication to the King is signed by Mr. Stuart and Mr. Revett, but the Preface by Mr. Stuart only. The Second Volume was left by Mr. Stuart in 1787 completed at the press; and the plates so forward, that it was published in 1789 (see p. 57). The drawings for the Third Volume also were then left ready, and some of them engraved †. This work, and the long walk the Author took to cull materials to complete it, have united themselves as the two most honourable lines of descent from whence he derived the title of ATHENIAN STUART, accorded to him by all the Learned in this country.

On his arrival in England, Mr. Stuart was received into the family of Mr. Dawkins; and, among the many Patrons which the report of his extraordinary qualifications acquired him, the first Lord Anson led him forward to the reward most judiciously cal

* See it in Sir Egerton Brydges's Peerage, vol. V. p. 32.

In 1793 an elegant little quarto volume was published, under the title of "A Picturesque Tour through Part of Europe, Asia, and Africa ; containing many new Remarks on the present State of Society, Remains of Ancient Edifices, &c. with Plates after Designs by James Stuart, Esq. F. R. S. and F. A. S. and Author of the Antiquities of Athens. By an Italian Gentleman."

VOL. IX.

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