ment of the treasurer by Congress, 543. Moves to lessen the ratio of representation from forty to thirty thousand, 555. Signs the Constitution, 564. GOVERNMENT, (see SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT,) to consist of legislative, executive, and judicial powers, 129, 132, 189, 242, 375, 377, 382. Seat of, 130, 374, 499, 561. To be organized when rati- fied by a certain number of states, 132, 381, 554. Distribution of powers under it, 133, 189, 375, 377. Republican form to be guarantied, 130, 157, 190, 216, 332, 381, 497, 564. Ought to preserve a certain agency of the states, 168, 170, 176, 193, 194, 219, 238, 240, 248, 255. The states should not have too great an agency, 168, 199, 200, 207, 221. Of the territories to be provided for, 439, 564. GOVERNOR of states to be appointed by the gen- eral government, 205, 468. GRAYSON, COLONEL, 97, 99.
Advocates the Speaks of a
a mission of a British consul, 101. plan for a Federal Convention, 118. GREECE, 162, 236, 252, 287. GREENE, GENERAL, Congress express compli- mentary opinion of, 25, 26.
GRIFFIN, CYRUS, made President of Congress, 570.
GUARANTY, of internal tranquillity of the states needed during the Confederation, 120. Of re- publican government to the states, 128, 157, 182, 190, 216, 332, 381, 497, 560. Of their territory to the states, 128, 157, 182, 190. In regard to the emancipation of slaves, 357. In regard to duties, on exports, 357, 379, 561. In regard to the migra- tion or importation of slaves, 379, 561. GUARDOQUI, Mr., interviews and negotiations with, relative to the views of Spain, 100, 101, 102.
HABEAS CORPUS, suspension of, 131, 445, 484, 561.
HALF PAY, asked by the army, 24. Report in favor of, 29, 30, 31. Discussed, 44, 57, 61, 64, 72, 73. Amount of, 83.
HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, advocates exchange of Cornwallis for Col. H. Laurens, 7. Ad- vocates a credit to the states redeeming paper money beyond their quotas, 8. Advocates co- ercive measures towards Vermont, 12, 44. Urges an adjustment of a plan of revenue, 13. Pro- poses a revision of the requisitions on the states, 16. Objects to valuation of lands being made by states, 21. Appointed to confer with super- intendent of finance on arrears of army, 24. Proposes to classify lands as a basis of contribu- tions of the states, 24, 25. Urges the propriety of stating that loans by France were appropriated to the army, 29. Reports plan for settling arrears due to the army, 29. Urges liberal rate in allow- ance of half pay to the army, 31. Discusses plan for permanent revenue, 33, 39, 42, 52, 57, 72. Urges collection of revenue by officers of Congress, 34, 35, 65. Suggests tax by Congress on houses and windows, 38. Objects to valua- tion of lands as basis of revenue 44. Censures the conduct of Vermont, 44. Opposes use of military force to take goods seized while under passport, 50. Advocates debates of Congress being public, 52. Opposes limitation on duration of impost, 52, 54, 65. Opposes appropriation of impost to pay the army first, 53. Wishes other taxes than impost, 55. Mentions determination of army to have their pay provided for, 55. His remarks on Gen. Washington, 55. Pro- poses promotion of Maj. Burnet, 58. Proposes abatement of proportion of certain states, 58, 62. Vindicates Robert Morris, 62. Remarks on the conduct of the American commissioners at Paris, 69, 75. Disapproves proposed conven- tion of Eastern States, 81, 117. Intimates a wish for a general convention to propose plan of Federal Constitution, 89. Views on propor- tion of freemen and slaves in fixing contributions
of the states, 81. On committee to organize peace establishment, 82. Views on ratification of provisional articles, 86. Draws address of Congress to Rhode Island, 88. Urges fulfilment of provisional article about tories, 88. Proposal of stipulation against naval force on the lakes, 89. In favor of disbanding army, 90. Remarks on cession of public lands, 91. Confers with presi dent of Pennsylvania on mutinous conduct of troops, 92. A delegate to the convention at Annapolis, 115. Draughts address of convention at Annapolis, 115. A delegate to the Federal Convention from New York, 106. Attends the Federal Convention, 123. Proposes William
Jackson as secretary of the Convention, 124. Appointed on committee to prepare rules for Con- vention, 124. His views of a general system of government, 198. Objects to a government merely federal, 199. Objects to government being vested in a Congress, 201. To substitute a gen- eral government and extinguish that of the states would be a great economy, 202. Doubts the ad- vantage of the vast apparatus of the states, 202, 212, 220, 223. His opinion of the British govern- ment, 203, 226, 229, 244. Does not think that the separation from Great Britain threw the col- onies into a state of nature, 213. Effects of a union on the large and small states, 214. Does not think favorably of republican government, 244. His plan of a Constitution, 205. Exhibits a plan of a Constitution to Mr. Madison as that which he designed to offer, (APPENDIX, No. 5,) 584. His remarks when submitting his plan shown to him by Mr. Madison, 122, 206. Advocates an absolute negative of the executive on the acts of the legis lature, 151. The executive should be for life, 203, (APPENDIX, No. 5,) 587. Disadvantages of a temporary Senate, 203. Proposes the number of free inhabitants as the rule of representation, 134. Advocates same right of suffrage in both branches of Congress, 182. Objects to the election of rep- resentatives by the state legislatures, 223. Pre- fers triennial elections of the representatives, 225. Opposes the payment of the representa- tives by the states, 227, 2:28. His views on appointing the representatives to office, 229, 233. Objects to the entire exclusion of foreigners from Congress, 411. Urges a reduction of the ratio of representation in the House, 530. Views on the mode of amending the Constitution, 531, 532. Views on the mode of ratifying the Constitution, 532, 533. Prefers a vote of three fourths to re- enact laws returned by the President, 537. Op- poses the equal power of the states in the govern- ment, 258. Views on the general character of the Constitution, 517. Considers the decision of the Convention as settling the fate of a republican, government, 214. Dislikes the plan of the Con- stitution, but will support it if adopted, 517, 556. Wishes the Constitution to be signed by all the delegates, 556. Signs the Constitution, 564. His reasons for objecting to the motion for daily prayers in the Convention, 254.
HANCOCK, JOHN, 568.
HANNUM, JOHN, seizes goods under passport, 28. HANSON, JOHN, represents Maryland in Con- gress, 1.
HARBORS, states to lay duties to clear them, 548. HARMONY, cases affecting national, to be tried by the judiciary, 123, 187, 188, 190, 332. Cases affecting national, to be legislated upon by Con- gress, 139, 190, 320, 375.
HARTFORD, convention proposed there, 81, 117. HAZEN, GENERAL, 83.
HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, to be appointed by the President, 205. To constitute a council, 446, 462. President to call for their opinions, 165, 442, 446, 462, 507, 525, 562. HEATH, GENERAL, 572. HEMP, 89.
HEMSLEY, WILLIAM, represents Maryland in Congress, 1.
HENRY, PATRICK, views relative to Spain and the Mississippi, 107. Course in regard to the Federal Convention, 107. Opinions on the Fed- eral Constitution, 568, 571. HIGGINSON, STEPHEN, remarks on a system of general revenue, 72, 78. Remarks on the con- duct of the American ministers at Paris, 73. Advocates including the expenses incurred by the states in a general provision for the public debt, 78. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contributions of states, 72. Remarks on a proposed convention of the East- ern States, 81. BILL, MR., 14.
HOLLAND. See DUTCH.
HOLTEN, SAMUEL, opposes the system of per- manent revenue, 57. Declares his conviction of the necessity of a permanent revenue, 61. Re- marks on the conduct of the American commis- sioners at Paris, 74. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contributions of states, 72.
HOSTILITIES, suspension of, proposed by Con- gress, 80. Refusal of Carleton to suspend, 80. HOUSE. See SENATE, REPRESENTATIVES. Con- gress to be composed of two, 127, 129, 189, 205, 375, 377, 558.
HOUSE OF DELEGATES of Virginia, 113. HOUSTON, WILLIAM C., attends the Federal Convention, 123. Moves a reconsideration of the resolution for choosing the President by electors appointed by the state legislatures, 357. HOUSTOUN, WILLIAM, attends the Federal Convention, 141. Doubts the propriety of a guaranty as to the state constitutions, 333. HOWE, LORD, 27.
HOWELL, DAVID, represents Rhode Island in Congress, 1. Advocates the report on the differ- ences between New York and Vermont, 4. Re- ports against the proposal of Pennsylvania to provide for the public creditors within the state, 5. Proposes a settlement with the troops tempora- rily raised by the states, 5. Opposes military proceedings against Vermont, 9, 10. His letter relative to the proceedings of Congress published, and the discussions thereon, 13, 15, 16, 22, 80. Pens the objections of Rhode Island to the im- post, 15.
HUDDEY, CAPTAIN, retaliation for the murder of, 2.
HUNTINGDON, BENJAMIN, represents Con- necticut in Congress, 1.
ILLINOIS, grievances there, 100.
IMMUNITIES, of citizens of each state to be ex- tended to them in the others, 132, 381, 563. Of trade between the states, 479, 484, 545, 561. IMPAIRING of private contracts by the states, 485, 546, 562.
IMPEACHMENT, power of, to belong to House of Representatives, 129, 377, 559. Trial of by national judiciary, 128, 188, 205, 329, 332, 380. Under jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, 131,380. Not to be tried by jury, 381, 484. Trial of by the Senate, 506, 528, 529, 534, 561. Of the President, 131, 149, 190, 195, 326, 335, 339, 340, 361, 366, 376, 380, 480, 507, 528. Of the su- preme judges, 447, 462. Of the heads of de- partments, 446. Judgment on it, 381, 529. Ex- tent of the judgment under it, 381, 559. Pardon not to extend to, 480, 562. No pardon in, by the President, 131, 380, 562. Conviction under it, 381, 507, 528, 529, 559. Its inefficacy against the President, 143, 329. IMPORTATION of slaves, 379, 391, 471, 477, 532,
IMPOST. See REVENUE. Virginia repeals her
law, granting it, 17, 33. Necessity of granting it by the states, 37. Refused by Rhode Island, 11, 13. Congress urges its necessity, 5, 11. vantage as a mode of taxation, 40, 49, 55. How collections under it should be credited, 41. Mode of ascertaining and collecting, 49. Propo Pro- sal to appropriate it to the army first, 51. posal for specific duties, 51, 63, 66. Proposals as to its duration, 49, 52, 53, 54, 65. Massachusetts accedes to it reluctantly, 72. Proposal to subunit it separately to the states, 73. Not attainable under the Confederation, 127. To be laid and collected by Congress, 130, 191, 378, 432, 506, 500. Not to be laid by the states, without the assent of Congress, 131, 381, 486, 547, 561. INCORPORATION, power of Congress in regard to, 440, 543.
INCREASE, of the pay of the President not to be made during his term, 128, 131, 380, 562. Of pay of the judges not to be made during their term, 128, 131, 156, 190, 380, 481, 563. INDEPENDENCE. See DECLARATION. mission to Oswald, recognizing it, 16. Effect of it on the separate sovereignty of the states, 213, 286. Of the executive, 141, 142, 143, 148, 153, 165, 326, 334, 342, 361, 473, 508, 509, 516. Of the departments as regards each other, 138, 153, 164, 165, 327, 342, 344, 359, 429, 473, 516, 519, 522. Of the Senate, 170. Of the judiciary, 344, 429.
INDIANS, interference with, by Georgia, 119. States will treat with them, 207. Affairs with, to be regulated by Congress, 439, 462, 506, 560. Not to be included in apportioning representation, 181, 190, 192, 379, 559.
INDICTMENT, persons impeached liable to, 381,
INDIES, WEST, trade with, 19.
INELIGIBILITY, of representatives to office, 127, 185, 189, 229, 375, 378, 420, 503, 505, 560. or senators to office, 127, 187, 190, 247, 271, 375, 378, 420, 503, 505, 560. Of executive a second time, 128, 131, 140, 142, 149, 190, 324, 325, 327, 334, 358, 363, 365, 367, 369, 376, 380, 472, 473, 509, 512, 517. Of electors of President, 343, 515. Of executive officers to other places, 445. INFERIOR COURTS, term, salary, and qualifi- cations of their judges, 128, 380, 563. Their jurisdiction in the first instance, 128, 131, 188, 190, 376, 380, 481, 563. May be constituted by Congress, 128, 130, 131, 155, 159, 190, 205, 331, 376, 378, 380, 436, 561. Objected to, 155, 158. INFORMATION of the President to Congress, 131, 380.
INGERSOLL, JARED, attends the Federal Con- vention, 124. Remarks on the mode of signing the Constitution, 558. Signs the Constitution,
INHABITANTS, discussed as a rule of contribu- tion under the Confederation, 24, 48, 79, 81, 82. To be reported by states to Congress, to form basis of taxation, 46, 64, 79. Number of, should form rule of representation in the legislature, 127, 129, 130, 134, 149, 178, 190, 278, 290, 216, 376, 379. To be ascertained by Congress from time to time, 130, 279, 288, 204, 301, 302, 306, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559 Number of free and three fifths of slaves to form ratio of representation, 181, 288, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. Nuniber required for a representative, 274, 278, 288, 377, 555, 559. Slaves to be included in the apportionment of representation, 288, 290, 295, 316, 375, 377, 379, 559. President to be, of the United States, 462, 507, 521, 502. Member of Congress to be, of his state, 210, 377, 389, 401, 559. INSTALMENTS, laws of states relative to, during the Confederation, 120,
INSTITUTIONS, power of Congress in regard to scientific, 440.
INSURRECTION, in Massachusetts, 94, 99, 119, 127. National government should guaranty
states against, 108, 120. Congress may subdue, 130, 132, 332, 378, 379, 437, 467, 497, 535, 561. To be guarded against by the Constitution, 209, 333, 381, 564.
INTERCEPTED LETTER of Marbois, 16. INTEREST on the public debt to be provided for, 39, 83, 462. Amount of, in 1783, 39. INTERFERENCE of Congress with the police of the states, 320, 462.
INVASION, to be guarded against, 126, 127, 333, 379, 381, 467, 497, 561, 564. Habeas corpus may be suspended during, 131, 484, 561. States may defend themselves against, 131. IRON, 89.
IZARD, RALPH, represents South Carolina in Congress, 1. Advocates a reduction of salaries of the ministers, 5. Against disbanding army, 90. Remarks on the conduct of the executive of Pennsylvania, relative to the mutinous conduct of the troops, 92, 93.
JACKSON, WILLIAM, elected secretary of the Convention, 124.
JAY, JOHN, spoken of as secretary of foreign affairs, 9. Sends an intercepted letter of Mar- bois, 16, 17. Distrusts the French ministers, 16, 17, 18, 65. His conduct towards France during the negotiations discussed, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74. Amount borrowed by, in Spain, 82. Reports on the operation of treaties on the states of the Con- federation, 98. Negotiations with Gardoqui as secretary of foreign affairs, 102, 103. Approves of the Federal Constitution, 570. Forged letter in regard to, 570.
JEALOUSY of the states towards each other, 127. JEFFERSON, THOMAS; Mr. Madison writes to him on public affairs, 107, 568. Appointed min- ister to negotiate peace, 4. Spoken of as secre- tary of foreign affairs, 9, 91.
His departure suspended by Congress, 50. Proposal to send him to Madrid, relative to the Mississippi, 102, 103. Receives from Mr. Madison his plan of a national government, 120. His opinions on the Federal Constitution, 573.
JENIFER, DANIEL OF ST. THOMAS, attends the Federal Convention, 144. Proposes triennial elections of representatives, 183. In favor of inelegibility of representatives to office, 232. Desires a provision for regulating trade between the states, 503. Signs the Constitution, 565. JOHNSON, DR. WILLIAM S., attends the Fed- eral Convention, 144. Does not wish the sov- ereignty of the states to be destroyed by the Constitution, 220, 240. Advocates a representa- tion of the states in one branch, and the people Thinks population the true in the other, 255, rule of wealth and of representation, and that be no treason blacks as well as whites should be considered Thinks there can in it, 303. against an individual state, 448, 449. Thinks a prohibition as to attainders and ex post facto laws unnecessary, 463. Objects to the provision for the ratification of treaties by law, 470.
Thinks controversies between the states should be left to the judiciary, 471. Considers the debts of the Confederation equally binding under the Proposes that the judiciary Desires to Constitution, 476. shall embrace cases in equity, 481. exclude Vermont from the proposed conditions in regard to the admission of new states, 495. Views on the provision for giving effect to legis- lative and judicial proceedings of the states, 504. Signs the Constitution, 564.
130, 378, 407, 408, 560. To be published except on secret occasions, 130, 378, 407, 409, 560. Dis- sent of senators to be entered on it, 407. JUDGES, to be appointed by the legislature, 128, 155, 188, 376, 380. Their tenure during good behavior, 128, 131, 192, 205, 330, 376, 380, 481, 563. Their salaries, 128, 131, 156, 192, 330, 376, 380, 482, 563. The increase or diminution of their salary, 128, 156, 192, 330, 376, 379, 482. To be appointed by the Senate, 131, 156, 190, 328, 348, 376, 379, 467, 469. Ought not to be appoint- ed by the people, 137. To be appointed by the President, 155, 192, 350. To be appointed by the Property President and Senate, 205, 328, 348, 507, 524, 562. Not to hold any other office, 192. qualification of, 371. To give opinions to the President and Congress, 445. Impeachment of, 447, 462.
Effect of those of one state in 381, 529, 559. JUDGMENT, extent of, in cases of impeachment,
another, 488, 504, 563. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS, the states to give faith to those of each other, 132, 381, 488, 504, 563, JUDICIARY, to form one of the supreme powers of the government, 128, 129, 132, 375, 377, 382. To consist of supreme and inferior tribunals, 128, 155, 190, 376, 380, 553. To be constituted by the legislature, 128, 155, 190, 376, 378, 380, 436, 561. To be appointed by the President, 155, 192, 328, 350. To be appointed by the Senate, 131, 156, 190, 328, 348, 376, 469. To be nominated by the Senate, subject to the approval of the President, 350. To be appointed by the President and Senate, 205, 328, 330, 348, 507, 524, 562. Tenure Their of their offices during good behavior, 128, 131, 190, 192, 330, 369, 376, 380, 481, 563. compensation, 128, 131, 156, 190, 192, 330, 376, 380, 482, 563. The increase or diminution of their compensation, 128, 156, 190, 192, 336, 376, 380, 482, 563. The supreme tribunal to hear cases in the dernier resort, 128, 205, 380. Its jurisdiction, 128, 187, 188, 190, 192, 332, 376, 380, 482, 563. To embrace courts of admiralty, 131, To possess 380, 563. Ought to be limited to cases brought by appeal from state courts, 159. only appellate jurisdiction from the state courts, 192. To embrace courts of equity, 131, 481, 563. To extend to controversies between the states, 471, 482, 561. To constitute, with the executive, a council of revision, 123, 151, 155, 164, 344, 428. Objections to its having a right to revise legisla- tive acts, 165. How far it should possess legis- lative functions, 347. The danger of allowing them to declare the laws void, 429. Inferior tribunals may be constituted by Congress, 130, 131, 159, 190, 331, 376, 378, 380, 561. To be bound by acts of Congress and treaties, 131, 322, 379, 483. Ought not to be chosen immediately by the people, 137. Objections to the nation- al judiciary, 155, 158. Protection of it against other branches, 344. encroachment of the Property qualification of, 371, 403. That of the states to adjudge on offences under the Constitu- tion, 192, 331.
for, 128, 157, 182, 190, 381, 496. JUNCTION, of two or more states to be provided
205, 331, 376, 380, 446, 462, 481, 483, 484, 535, 563. Of the Supreme Court, 131, 376, 380, 563. JURISDICTION, of judiciary, 128, 187, 188, 192, That of the national judiciary to be merely ap- pellate from the state courts, 192. Of Congress in arsenals, dock-yards, and fortifications, 130, 511, 561. Of Congress, at the seat of govern- ment, 130, 374, 511, 561. Controversies about, between the states, 131, 379. Over controversies between the states, 131, 379, 471, 482, 561. Over controversies in regard to territory and public lands, 471, 493, 497. Of the state courts to ex- tend to cases under the Constitution, 192.
JONES, WALTER, appointed a delegate to the JURY, cases to be tried by, 381, 484, 550, 563.
Convention at Annapolis, 113.
JOURNAL, to be kept by both Houses of Congress,
JUSTICE, (see CHIEF JUSTICE,) fugitives from, 381, 487, 563.
KENTUCKY, its admission as a state, 356. Re- marks of Gardoqui in relation to, 97, 100.
KING, RUFUS, remarks on the insurrection in Massachusetts, 94, 99. Views of the operation of treaties on the states under the Confederation, 99. Views as to salaries, 99. Remarks on the settlement of public accounts, 99. Remarks on the negotiations with Spain, 101, 102, 103. Discusses the vote of the states required to sus- pend the use of the Mississippi, 103. A delegate to the Federal Convention from Massachusetts, 106. Attends the Federal Convention, 123. Objects to the yeas and nays, 124. Remarks on the nature of state sovereignty, under the Con- stitution, 212. Wishes the state governments preserved, but made subordinate, 269. His great anxiety for an harmonious adoption of a Con- stitution, 266. Views on the compromise be- tween the large and small states, 514. Views as to an election of President, 336, 362, 515. Views as to reéligibility and tenure of the President, 336, 342. Is opposed to the impeachment of the President by the legislature, 341. Objects to an executive council, 523. Contends for a propor- tionate representation in the Senate, 138, 266, 312. Objects to contribution being the sole rule of representation, 134, 178. Opposes the rep- resentation being fixed by the Constitution, 280. Admits that slaves should be considered in ap- portioning representation as well as taxation, 290. Thinks the question, as to representation, is more between the Northern and Southern than the small and large states, 293. Does not like numbers alone to be the rule of representation, especially if the blacks are included, 300, 304. Opposes the rule of representation being absolute- ly fixed by the Constitution, 304. Thinks ex- ports should be taxed, if slaves are represented, 392. Opposes the exclusive right of the House in regard to money bills, 188. Objects to an election of representatives by the state legislatures, 224. Objects to the payment of the representatives by the states, 227. Views as to the ineligibility of members of Congress, 229, 231, 505, 536. Ob- jects to a landed qualification for members of Congress, 371. Does not think annual meetings of Congress will be necessary, 383. Thinks Congress should have the right to alter the state regulations, relative to members of Congress, 402. Prefers allowing a quorum in Congress to be fixed by law, 405, 405. Thinks the states should not tax exports without the assent of Congress, 486. Thinks the states should not be prevented from encouraging their manufactures, 487. Objects to union of judiciary with the executive in revising the laws, 151, 165. Favors the establishment of inferior national tribunals, 115. Views in regard to punishment of treason, 449, 450, 549. Proposes a prohibition on the states, in regard to laws affecting contracts, 485. Views as to treaties, 524, 526. Remarks on the provision in regard to the militia, 464. Desires a permanent seat of government, 409. Remarks on the assumption of the state debts, 441. Ob- jects to an exemption of slaves from duty, 460, 478. His remarks on slavery, 391. Proposes the assent of the states to purchases of places therein, 511. Thinks a power in Congress to create cor- porations unnecessary, 544. Views on the mode of ratification of the Constitution, 158, 355, 499, 500. Prefers to submit the Constitution to the Congress of the Confederation, but not to require their assent to it, 533, 540. Signs the Constitution, 564. Course in the Convention of Massachusetts, called to ratify the Constitution, 572. KNOWLTON, LUKE, charged with intrigues with British about Vermont, 7, 8. His arrest directed by Congress, 8, 31.
LAND, tax upon, discussed, 34, 37, 40, 67. Mode of valuation discussed in Congress, 21, 24, 43, 45, 77, 78. Qualification in, proposed for mem- hers of Congress, 370. Qualifications in, pro posed for electors of representatives, 385. LANDS, PUBLIC, the influence of the question of ceding the public lands on the politics of the Confederation, 111. Proposal to derive a revenue from them, 39, 59, 63. Proposal to adopt a sys- tem in regard to, 83. Proposal to give army eer- tificates for, 90. Discussion on the cession of them renewed, 87, 91, 92. Power of Congress in regard to, under the Constitution, 439, 441, 493, 496.
LANGDON, JOHN, attends the Federal Conven- tion, 351. Thinks the ballot in Congress for the President should be joint, 472. Thinks mem- bers of Congress should be paid out of the national treasury, 425. Objects to a constitn- tional provision, requiring a property qualification for members of Congress, 373. Objects to the seat of government being at any state capital, 374. Opposes the power in Congress to emit bills of credit, 435. Approves of the power vested in Congress, to subdite rebellions, 438. Does not distrust Congress on the subject of standing armies, 443. Does not distrust Congress on the subject of the militia, 444, 465. Objects to tax- ation being proportioned to representation before a census, 451, 453. Wishes the states prohibited from taxing exports. 454. Thinks Congress should have the right to tax slaves, 460, 478. Approves of a negative in Congress on state laws, 469. Views as to regulating commerce between the states, 503, 548. Views as to im- posing conditions when admitting new states, 492, 493. Signs the Constitution, 564. LANSING, JOHN, attends the Federal Conven- tion, 106, 144. Opposes going into a committee of the whole, 191. Objects to the propositions of Mr. Randolph, as amended and adopted, 193. Thinks the Convention limited to the amend- ment of the Confederation, 193, 214. Proposes that the power of legislation be vested in the Congress, 214. Opposes the negative of Con- gress on the state laws, 215. Proposes an equal vote of the states in the House of Representa- tives, 249. Wishes some plan for comproinise on the question of representation, 273. LAWS. See ACTS.
LAW OF NATIONS, not sufficiently protected under the Confederation, 127. Congress to legis- late on offences against, 130, 378, 561. LAURENS, HENRY, notifies his intention to return, 1.
LEE, ARTHUR, opposition to Robert Morris, 62, 80. States his objections to a general system of tax- ation, 34, 38, 56. Suggests that a general rev- enue system should be framed by the states, 38. Views on a system of permanent revenue, 41, 42. Communicates a letter, relative to an over- ture from Canada, 45. Remarks on the export of tobacco by authority of Congress, 48. views on a mode of valuation of lands, 48. Urges a limitation of the impost, 49. Proposes to take, by military force, goods seized while under passport, 50. Proposes to appropriate the impost to pay the army first, 52, 53. Remarks on the original and subsequent holders of loan certificates, 54. Proposes measures against the refugees, 58. Opposes an abatement in the proportion of certain states, 58. Remarks on the conduct of the commissioners at Paris, 69,
73, 74, 75. Remarks on the proportion of free- men to slaves in fixing the contributions of the states, 79. Calls for a report from the superin- tendent of finance, 80. Advocates a suspension of hostilities, 80. Proposes an indemnity to the officers of the army, 88. Proposes a statue of Gen. Washington, 88.
LEE, RICHARD H., views in regard to the Fed- eral Constitution, 118, 566, 568, 570.
LEE, WILLIAM, sends proposal of Austria for commercial treaty, 52.
a regulation in regard to trade between the states, 479, 503. Views as to the mode of ratifying the Constitution, 500. Desires a provision for the President to convene the Senate separately, 530. Signs the Constitution, 565.
M'KEAN, THOMAS, represents Delaware in Con- gress, 1. Opposes a separate provision by Penn- sylvania for the public creditors there, 5. Pro- poses a conditional exchange of Cornwallis for Col. H. Laurens, 7. Advocates coercion towards Vermont, 10, 12.
LEGISLATURE. See CONGRESS OF THE CONSTI-MADISON, JAMES, his remarks on the admis- TUTION; STATES.
LETTERS, written by Mr. Madison prior to the Convention of 1787, 106 to 108. Written after the adjournment of the Federal Convention, 566
LEVYING WAR, evidence of, in cases of treason, 130, 379, 448, 563.
LIGHTHOUSES, states to levy duties to erect them, 548.
LIMITATION, relative to the continuance of the revenue laws, 462. On the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, 484, 561.
LINCOLN, GEN., course in Convention of Massa- chusetts to ratify Federal Constitution, 572. LIPPENCOT, Congress discuss the matter of, 2. His punishment demanded by Congress, 3. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R., his wish to resign as secretary of foreign affairs, 9, 90. Agrees to continue, 9, 16. Disapproves the secret article about Florida, 67. Report on Carleton's refusal to suspend hostilities, 80. Prepares a proclama- tion on the cessation of hostilities, 84. Inade- quacy of his salary, 9, 89, 90.
LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM, attends the Federal Convention, 155. Reports provisions relative to the public debt and militia, 451. Reports pro- visions relative to slaves, navigation, and capita- Thinks the public creditors tion taxes, 470. should be put in the same state under the Con- stitution as under the Confederation, 476. LOANS, additional one from France, 76, 88. From the Dutch, 11. Congress apply for more from France, 11. Proposal to apply for further, abroad, 22, 23, 26. Propriety of disclosing their amount, 42. State of those with France, 76, 82. Amount of, in 1783, 82. To be made by Congress under the Constitution, 130, 378.
LORDS, HOUSE OF, impossible in America, 148, 235, 237. Considered a noble institution, 203. Senate should be like it, 166. Not a model for the Senate, 188, 235. Its negative on the Com- mons, 263, 416.
LOWELL, Mr., appointed judge of Court of Ap- peals, 11.
LUZERNE, vote of thanks to, 20. Remarks on conduct of American commissioners at Paris towards France, 65, 66, 76. LYCIAN LEAGUE, 264.
M'CLURG, JAMES, attends the Federal Conven- tion, 123. Proposes the executive term to be during good behavior, 325. Desires some spe- cific provision relative to the exercise of execu- tive powers by the President, 344. M'DOUGAL, GEN., a deputy from the army to Congress, 21, 23.
M'HENRY, JAMES, views on terms of cession of public lands by Virginia, 92. Attends the Fed- eral Convention, 124. Remarks on the subter- fuges adopted to avoid the provision in regard to Proposes to raise taxes by money bills, 420. requisitions, 453. Desires a prohibition in regard to attainders and ex post facto laws, 462. Desires
Advocates a commutation of half pay, 45. Considers an impost the only practicable tax, 55, 56. Explains the powers of Congress under the Confederation, 55. His plan for abating'the pro- portions of certain states funding their expenses, and establishing a system of public lands, 59, 60, 77, 78. Remarks on the conduct of the Ameri- can commissioners at Paris, 71, 74. Remarks on the proportion of freemen to slaves in fixing the contributions of states, 79. Desires information in regard to the department of finance, 80, 91. Disapproves of a proposed convention of the Endeavors to Eastern States, 81. On the committee to organ- ize a peace establishment, 82.
reduce the apportionment of Georgia, 82. Op- poses a premature system in regard to the public lands, 83. Recommends circumspection in re- gard to commercial treaties, 85. Opposes a hasty ratification of provisional articles, 85. Proposes a commission to adjust the debts of the states, 86. Draws the address to states, 88. Urges a provision for Canadian refugees, 89. Becomes a member of the House of Delegates of Virginia, 112. Appointed a delegate to the convention at. Annapolis, 113, 114. Draws act of Virginia ap- pointing delegates to the Federal Convention, 117. Remarks on the insurrection in Massa- chusetts, and on raising troops by Congress, 95. Remarks in Congress on the plan of the Federal Convention, 96. Remarks on the operation of treaties on the states, 99. Communicates to Mr. Randolph his view of a new Federal Constitu- tion, 107, 121. Sentiments on the effect of the American revolution in Europe, 575. Remarks on ancient confederacies, 109. Remarks on the colonies before the revolution, 110. His wish to remedy the evils of the Confederation, 113. Pre- pares to take reports of debates in the Federal Convention, 121. Attends the Federal Conven-
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