Prove It with Figures: Empirical Methods in Law and LitigationSpringer Science & Business Media, 31.07.1997 - 353 Seiten "Prove It With Figures" displays some of the tools of the social and statistical sciences that have been applied to the proof of facts in the courtroom and to the study of questions of legal importance. It explains how researchers can extract the most valuable and reliable data that can conveniently be made available, and how these efforts sometimes go awry. In the tradition of Zeisel's "Say It with Figures," a standard in the field of social statistics since 1947, it clarifies, in non-technical language, some of the basic problems common to all efforts to discern cause-and-effect relationships. Designed as a textbook for law students who seek an appreciation of the power and limits of empirical methods, the work also is a useful reference for lawyers, policymakers, and members of the public who would like to improve their critical understanding of the statistics presented to them. The many case histories include analyses of the death penalty, jury selection, employment discrimination, mass torts, and DNA profiling. Hans Zeisel was Professor of Law and Sociology Emeritus at the University of Chicago, where he pioneered the application of social science to the law. Earlier, he had a distinguished career in public opinion and market research. He has written on a wide variety of topics, ranging from research methodology and history to law enforcement, juries, and Sheakespeare. He was elected Fellow of the American Statistical Assoication and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 1980 he was inducted into the Market Research Hall of Fame. David Kaye is Regents Professor at the Arizona State University, where he teaches evidence and related topics. An author of several law textbooks and treatises, his work also has appeared in journals of |
Inhalt
The Search for Causes An Overview | 7 |
The Controlled Randomized Experiment | 11 |
21 A nearly perfect experiment | 12 |
22 Eliminating bias in selecting subjects | 14 |
23 Limits to experimentation | 16 |
24 The halfaloaf experiment | 18 |
25 Simulation | 20 |
26 Limits to extrapolation | 27 |
78 Convenience samples | 123 |
79 Summary | 124 |
Critical questions | 125 |
Content Analysis | 127 |
81 A study of the House UnAmerican Activities Committee | 128 |
82 Pretrial publicity | 134 |
83 The Federalist Papers | 138 |
Bibliography | 140 |
Critical Questions | 31 |
Inferring Causes from Observational Studies | 33 |
31 Diphtheria antitoxin | 35 |
33 Capital punishment in Florida | 38 |
34 Polio vaccines | 39 |
35 Police intervention and domestic violence | 41 |
36 Nofault divorce | 43 |
38 Summary | 47 |
Critical questions | 48 |
Epidemiologic Studies | 51 |
41 Types of studies | 52 |
42 Agent Orange | 56 |
43 Breast implants | 59 |
44 Tobacco smoke | 63 |
45 Asbestos | 66 |
46 Bendectin | 68 |
47 Electromagnetic fields | 70 |
48 Summary | 74 |
Summing Up Replication and Triangulation | 75 |
51 Estimating socially significant numbers | 76 |
52 Triangulations in the Census | 77 |
53 Unanimity and hung juries | 80 |
54 Opposition to the death penalty and the propensity to vote guilty | 81 |
55 Sentence variation from judge to judge | 82 |
Bibliography | 83 |
Coincidence and Significance | 85 |
61 Pvalues | 86 |
62 Significance | 91 |
63 Power | 94 |
65 Multiple testing | 98 |
66 Interval estimates | 100 |
67 Other hypotheses | 102 |
68 Posterior probabilities | 103 |
Critical questions | 105 |
Bibliography | 106 |
Sampling | 107 |
72 The miracle of sampling | 109 |
73 Some sources of bias | 111 |
74 Drawing a probability sample | 112 |
75 Sample size | 114 |
nonresponse bias | 116 |
77 Quota samples | 122 |
Surveys and Change of Venue | 141 |
91 History of survey acceptance | 142 |
92 Change of venue law | 144 |
93 Mitsubishi in Silicon Valley | 147 |
94 The Pontiac prison cases | 148 |
95 Civil litigation | 149 |
96 The limits of voir dire | 150 |
Bibliography | 152 |
Trademark Surveys Genericness | 153 |
102 The Teflon surveys | 156 |
103 Variations of the Teflon survey | 158 |
Bibliography | 159 |
Trademark Surveys Confusion | 161 |
111 Realism | 162 |
112 How close a look? | 164 |
113 Who puts out this design? | 168 |
114 Altering the specimen | 170 |
115 Controlling for top of mind responses | 171 |
116 Anticipating market entry | 172 |
117 Addressing the relevant issue | 173 |
118 Depressors and aggrandizers | 176 |
119 Summary | 178 |
Bibliography | 180 |
The Jury Composition and Selection | 181 |
122 Selecting the jury venire | 183 |
123 Selecting from the venire | 190 |
124 Juror selection surveys | 197 |
Bibliography | 203 |
DNA Profiling Probabilities and Proof | 205 |
131 VNTR profiling | 206 |
132 Match windows | 210 |
133 Match probabilities and the basic product rule | 212 |
134 Objections to the basic product rule | 218 |
135 Ceiling frequencies | 220 |
136 Uniqueness | 222 |
137 Random match probabilities and prejudice | 223 |
138 Beyond matching and binning | 226 |
Bibliography | 229 |
Notes | 231 |
Glossary | 327 |
351 | |
Andere Ausgaben - Alle anzeigen
Prove It with Figures: Empirical Methods in Law and Litigation Hans Zeisel,David Kaye Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2012 |
Prove It with Figures: Empirical Methods in Law and Litigation Hans Zeisel,David Kaye Keine Leseprobe verfügbar - 2012 |
Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
African-Americans Agent Orange allele frequencies answer asbestos asked association basic product rule Bendectin bias breast implants cancer causation cause census chance change of venue Chapter cluster committee conducted confounding consider content analysis control group controlled experiment convenience samples criminal D.H. Kaye David David Kaye death penalty defendant disease DNA Evidence DNA profiling Dow Corning effect epidemiologic estimate experimental exposure federal Forensic genotype Hans Zeisel HARRY KALVEN inference interviews issue judge jury selection litigation lurking variables match probability measure multilocus null hypothesis observational studies opinion outcomes P-value peremptory challenges persons plaintiffs poll population probability sample profile frequency prospective jurors question questionnaire random match randomly reported respondents sampling error SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE sentence Significance Test single-locus standard error statistical Supp supra note survey Table testimony trademark treatment group trial United venire verdict VNTR voir dire women Zeisel
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Applying Statistics in the Courtroom: A New Approach for Attorneys and ... Philip Good Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2001 |
Arbitration and Mediation in International Business Christian Bühring-Uhle,Lars Kirchhoff,Gabriele Scherer Eingeschränkte Leseprobe - 2006 |