accidentally discovered motion in the water, and could discern some opaque I adapted and moveable spots in it. magnifiers of greater power, and could then distinctly observe that the water, which had become a sea for my observations, swarmed with living inhabitants. The extreine minuteness and delicate frame of these tender animalculæ, one would imagine, must have rendered them liable to destruction from the slightest injuries; but, on the contrary, that they were hardy beyond imagination, has been proved. The heat of boiling water will not destroy the tender frames of those minute eels found in the blight of corn; and here I had proof that animalcula of vastly minuter structure, and finer, are not to be hurt by being frozen up and embodied in solid ice for whole nights, and probably for whole weeks together. I put on yet more powerful glasses, which, at the same time that they discovered to the eye the amazing structure of the first-mentioned animalculæ, produced to view myriads of smaller ones of different forms and kinds, which had been invisible under the former magnifiers, but which were now seen sporting and wheeling in a thousand intricate meanders. I was examining the larger first-discovered animalculæ, which appeared colossal to the rest, and were rolling their vast forms about like whales in the ocean, when one of them, expanding the extremity of its tail into six times its former circumference, and thrusting out, all around it, an innumerable series of hairs, applied it closely and evenly to the surface of the plate, and by this means attached itself firmly. In an instant the whole mass of the circumjacent fluid, and all within it, was in motion about the head of the creature. The cause was evident: the animal had thrust out, as it were, two heads in the place of one, and each of these was furnished with a wonderful apparatus, which, by an incessant rotary motion, made a current, and brought the water in successive quantities, full of the lesser animals, under a mouth which was between the two seeming heads, so that it took in what it liked of the smaller creatures for its food. The motion and the current continued till the insect had satisfied its hunger, when the whole became quiet; the head-like protuberances were then drawn back, and disappeared, the real head assumed its wonted form, the tail loosened from the plate, and recovered its pointed shape; While my eye was upon this object, This wonderful apparatus was for the service of a creature, a thousand of which would not together be equal to a grain of sand in bigness! It is erroneously called the wheel-animal.* Feoruary 9. Day breaks Sun rises February 10. In February, 1786, died, at the extreme age of 110 years, eight months, and fourteen days, in the full enjoyment of every faculty, except strength and quickness of hearing, Cardinal de Salis, Archbishop of Seville. He was of a noble house in the province of Andalusia, and the last surviving son of Don Antonio de Salis, historiographer to Philip IV. and author of the Conquest of Mexico.-The Cardinal used to tell his friends, when asked what regimen he observed, "By being old when I was young, I find myself young now I am old. I led a sober, studious, but not a lazy or sedentary life. My diet was sparing, though delicate; my liquors the best wines of Xeres and La Manche Sir John Hill of which I never exceeded a pint at any meal, except in cold weather, when I allowed myself a third more. I rode or walked every day, except in rainy weather, when I exercised for a couple of hours. So far I took care of the body; and, as to the mind, I endeavoured to preserve it in due temper by a scrupulous obedience to the divine commands, and keeping, as the apostle directs, a conscience void of offence towards God and man. By these innocent means I have arrived at the age of a patriarch with less injury to my health and constitution than many experience at forty. I am now, like the ripe corn, ready for the sickle of death, and, by the mercy of my Redeemer, have strong hopes of being translated into his garner. Age. The greatest vice the sages observe in us is," that our desires incessantly grow young again; we are always beginning again to live." Our studies and desires should sometimes be sensible of old age; we have one foot in the grave, and yet our appetites and pursuits spring up every day. If we must study, let us follow that study which is suitable to our present condition, that we may be able to answer as he did, who, being asked to what end he studied in his decrepid age, answered, "That I may go the better off the stage, at greater ease."-Montaigne. mestic affairs. He retired into the country, and could not bear solitude,expended his means on planting his grounds,-lamented that his house was not fit to receive " polite friends," were they disposed to visit him, and courted, as he tells us, the society of" persons who will despise you for the want of a good set of chairs, or an uncouth fire-shovel, at the same time that they cannot taste any excellence in a mind that overlooks those things." He forgot that a mind which overlooks those things must also afford to overlook such persons, or its prospect of happiness is a dream. He writes of himself an irrefutable truth :-" One loses much of one's acquisitions in virtue by an hour's converse with such as judge of merit by money;" and, he adds, "I am now and then impelled by the social passion to sit half-an-hour in my own kitchen." Johnson says, "his death was probably occasioned by his anxieties. He was a lamp that spent its oil in blazing." It has been said of Shenstone, that "he should have burnt most of what he wrote, and printed most of what he spoke." From such a conflagration, Charles Lamb and Crabbe, would have snatched Shenstone's "Schoolmistress." Economy, and Epicurism. In a letter from lady Luxborough to her friend Shenstone, concerning the poet's money affairs, there is a capital anecdote of king George I. She says, "Had Shakspeare had to gather rents, he would not have said, For who ro firm that cannot be seduced? since your half day in endeavouring to seduce your tenant into paying you for half-a-year was ineffectual, and as my labors that way are as vain. My success in recovering money is very similar to yours; and, if what you say about the butter-dish and sluice is true, as to you, it is no less so as to me. The parallel between us may be carried farther: for I am as backward as you, at wringing from the hard hands of peasants their vile trash; nor could I ever be forced, even for sixpence; or have the foresight to by experience, into a proper veneration nurse fortune; but, however, to eat one's cake when one is a hungered is most sweet. The late king George was fond of peaches stewed in brandy, in a particular manner, which he had tasted at my father's; and ever after, till his death, mv mamma furnished him with a sufficient quantity to last the year round-he eating two every night. This little present he took kindly; but one season proved fatal to fruit-trees, and she could present his majesty but with half the usual quantity, desiring him to use economy, for they would barely serve him the year at one each night. Being thus forced by necessity to retrench, he said he would then eat two every other night, and valued himself upon having mortified himself less than if he had yielded to their regulation of one each night; which, I suppose, may be called a compromise between economy and epicurism,' As relating to this day, a newspaper of 1793 contains the following paragraph: "Feb. 12, 1775-Fonthill burnt, with a loss, on the lowest computation, of £30,000 sterling.-When old Beckford, who was an odd compound of penury and profusion, immediately, with as little emotion as the duke of Norfolk at Worksop,-ordered it to be rebuilt with magnificence, more expensive than before; and yet the same person, when he had the gout, and though he had studied medicine under Boerhaave, literally suffered his case to fail, through parsimonious self-denial, in mere Madeira wine! Resolve me-which is worse, CHEMISTRY. [For the Year Book.] The primitive meaning and origin of the word chemistry are not known. Some conjecture it to have been derived from the name of one of the first professors of this interesting science, Cham, an eminent Egyptian. The word, we find from Suidas, was used by the Greeks very soon after the death of our Saviour. As respects the science, Tubal-Cain, who found out the art of working in brass, must have been an able chemist; for it is impossible to work on this metal without first knowing the art of refining it The physicians who were ordered to embalm the body of the patriarch Jaco were skilled in medicinal chemistry. Cleopatra proved to the royal Anthony her knowledge of the science by dissolving a pearl of great value in his presence. We are informed by Pliny, that Caius, the emperor extracted gold from orpiment. An author of the fourth century speaks of the science of alchemy as understood at that time. The learned "Baron Rothschild" appears to be one of the greatest followers of this delightful employment in our days. The attempt to make gold was prohibited by pope John XXII. If we may judge from certain episcopal manipulations, it is not in our days considered culpable. Hippocrates was assiduous in his cultiation of chemistry. Helen (how I should love the science if it had such followers now!) is introduced by Homer as administering to Telemachus a medical preparation of opium. Geber in the seventh century wrote several chemical works. Roger Bacon in the thirteenth century cultivated chemistry with great success. Why does not Hogg follow in the footsteps of his "great ancestor ?" It is said that the Hottentots know how to melt copper and iron; a curious fact, if true, as it indicates more civilization in science than in manners. The science was introduced by the Spanish Moors of Spain into Europe. John Becher laid the foundation of the present system. Miss Benger tells of a professor in a Northern university who, in making a chemical experiment, held a phial which blew into a hundred pieces. "Gentlemen," said the doctor, “I have made this experiment often with this very same phial, and it never broke in this manner before." A chemical operation serves the turn of Butler in his Hudibras : Love is a fire that burns and sparkles Chemistry received a noble compli ment from M. Le Sage, who makes the devil upon two sticks inform Don Cleofas Knowledge is treasure, but judgment is the treasury. Want of knowledge, and due consider ation, cause all the unhappiness a man brings upon himself. A man void of sense ponders all night long, and his mind wanders without ceasing but he is weary at the point of day, and is no wiser than he was overnight.-Runic. Form is good, but not formality.-Penn. Pause before you follow example. A mule laden with salt, and an ass laden with wool, went over a brook together. By chance the mule's pack became wetted, the salt melted, and his burden became lighter. After they had passed, the mule told his good fortune to the ass, who, thinking to speed as well, wetted his pack at the next water; but his load became the heavier, and he broke dowr., under it. That which helps one man may hinder another. Be cautious in giving advice; and consider before you adopt advice. Indolence is a stream which flows slowly on, but yet undermines the foundation of every virtue.-Spectator. Let us manage our time as well as we can, there will yet remain a great deal that will be idle and ill employed.-Montaigne. A necessary part of good manners is a punctual observance of time, at our own dwellings, or those of others, or at third places: whether upon matters of civility, business, or diversion. If you duly observe time, for the service of another, it doubles the obligation: if upon your own account, it would be manifest folly, as well as ingratitude, to neglect it: if both are concerned, to make your equal or inferior to attend on you, to his own disadvantage, is pride and injustice.-Swift. Lord Coke wrote the subjoined distich, which he religiously observed in the distribution of his time: Six hours to sleep-to law's grave study six ; Four spend in prayer-the rest to nature fix. Sir William Jones, a wiser economist of the fleeting hours of life, amended the sentiment in the following lines : Seven hours to law-to soothing slumber seven; Ten to the world allot: and ALL to heaven. Keep an exact account of your daily expenses, and, at the end of every week, consider what you can save the next. Send your son into the world with good principles, a good temper, a good education, and habits of industry and order, and he will work his way. Nature supplies what it absolutely needs. Socrates, seeing a heap of treasure, jewels, and costly furniture, carried in pomp through the city, said, "How manythings do I not desire!"— Montaigne. On formation that some curious subterranean remains existed in the premises of Messrs. Holt and Rolls, at their wholesale grindery and nail warehouse, No. 1, Old Fish Street, permission was asked there, to inspect the place, and obligingly allowed. The house forms the south-west corner of the street. In the floor of the shop is a trap-door, which, on being pulled up, allowed a friend who is an artist to descend with me, by a step ladder, into a large cellar, through which we went with lighted candles, southerly, to another cellar about fourteen feet wide, brickarched from the ground, and used as a depository for old packing cases and other lumber, but artificially groined and ornamented from the bottom to the roof with old shell work, discolored by damp and the dust of age. At the end we came to a doorway, to which a door had at one time been attached, and entered the apartment which is represented in the above engraving, from a drawing taken on the spot by my friend while we remained. The legend concerning the apartment shown by the print is, that in the catholic times it was used for a place of worship; and, though now below the surface of the earth, was level with the grass or lawn of a garden, which is at this time covered with old buildings. On going into the apartment from the only entrance, which is behind the figure holding the torch, and could not be shown in the engraving, it appeared to be a handsome grotto with a recess on both the right and left hand side. The entrance to the recess on the right is shown in the print on the right hand of the torchbearer. These recesses withinside widen to the width of the grotto. The back of the grotto is occupied by a projecting kind of arched shrine work, covered with |