ZOOLOGY

The present state of Zoological Science gives the original divisions of which the Animal Kingdom is composed, they are as follows:

VERTEBRATES The highest and most important branch of the Animal Kingdom, embracing all animals that have a backbone.

MOLLUSCA- Are animals which have soft bodies enclosed in a muscular skin, the majority being protected by a shell, as the Oyster, Mussels, Cuttle Fishes, Snails and Slugs.

Articulates—Are jointed animals, comprising Crabs, Lobsters, Worms and

Insects.

COELENTERATA - Jelly-fishes and other marine animals belong to this division. ECHINODERMATA--So named on account of the star shaped body. Star Fishes and Sea Anemones are examples of this class.

The term Zoology, includes the whole of the Animal Kingdom, besides which different departments have received particular names as Ornithology, for birds; Ichthyology, for fishes; Entomology for insects; and Conchology for the soft bodied animals.

The Vertebrates include all animals which have a bony or cartilaginous axis, called Spinal Column. Our Zoological collection is only represented by the first division namely the Vertebrates--which comprises five great classes as follows:

Ist.

Mammalia, all those animals which suckle their young by means of breasts, 2nd. Aves, or birds.

3rd. Reptilia, comprising animals that creep, as serpents, lizards and turtles. Batrachia, animals which are destitute of scales, as frogs, toads, salamanders and newts.

4th.

5ih. Pisces, or fishes.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The Cincinnati Zoological Gardens are situated about three miles LOCATION from Fountain Square in the most picturesque portion of the circlet of hills that, like "Rome's Seven" crowns the city. They are beyond Mt. Auburn with Avondale and Walnut Hills to the east and Clifton to the west.

EXTENT

The Zoological Gardens embrace 45 acres, beautifully diversified by hill and dale and undulating plain and valley. The landscape gardening is a special feature, the most talented artists being employed to enhance the beauties of nature. Pretty rustic bridges span the picturesque ravines and clean, broad gravel walks traverse the grounds in all directions, leading conveniently to the various animal buildings and enclosures and the aviaries.

THE BUILDINGS

The buildings are mostly of stone and iron, and are of a style of architecture substantial yet graceful and pleasing to the eve. The magnificent Club House with its broad and home-like verandas, the mammoth Carnivora building, the circular Monkey House, the Eagle House, the avenue of Aviaries, the Pavilion and Elephant, Sea Lion Rocky Basin and Ostrich winter quarters, the Music Pavilion, are among the most notable of the buildings. These, together with the lesser structure on the grounds, were erected at an expense of tens of thousands of dollars.

THE Among the most notable enclosures are the Deer Parks, the Yak ENCLOS- Yards, the Buffalo Paddocks, the Bear Pits, the Wolf Dens, the URES Camel Yards, the Prairie Dog Village, the Sea Lion Basin, Badger Cage, Alligator Basin, the Lake and the Pheasant and Fowl yards. These take up a number of acres and are easily accessible to visitors.

HOW TO In many cases the visitor's stay at the Zoo is limited, and he has not TOUR THE time to linger at the various places of interest as his inclination would GROUNDS have him to do. In order to get a casual view of the attractions in a limited stay in the grounds, he should follow this book. This will lead him to all the buildings and enclosures with but little retracing of footsteps.

THE LLAMA PARK

Immediately after passing through the turnstiles, the visitor's attention is directed to the Llama Park on the left, in which may be seen two fine specimens of the llama (Llama Peruana). The term llama was formerly used to designate a group of animals in South America closely allied, and including two domesticated varieties and two wild varieties. The specimens at the Zoo belong to one of the domestic varieties, and what

the horse, the ox, the goat and the sheep is to the Old World, this species of llama, with its kindred domestic species, was to the southern continent and the New World. They are variable in size and color, sometimes white, sometimes black, sometimes brown color. They are about four feet in height. They attain their full size at the age of three years, and remain strong and vigorous until fifteen years, after which they begin to decline.