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deep a red as it is intended to be, take out the alkanit root, and put in about two-penny worth of essence of lemon, and a few drops of berganot; pour some into small boxes for present use, and the remainder into a gallipot; tie it down with some bladder or leather, to keep it close from the air, and it will keep for twelve

months.

MEATS, VEGETABLES, AND FRUITS IN SEASON FOR MAY.

SOUPS.-Jiblet, turtle, mock-turtle, and veal.

FISH.-Turbot, soles, carp, tench, eels, trout, smelts, lobsters, crabs, crayfish, prawns, and shrimps.

FLESH.-Beef, mutton, lamb, and

veal.

POULTRY.-Spring-fowls, pullets, chickens, green geese, young wild rabbits, leverets, ducklings, turkey pouts, and pidgeons.

GAME.-All out of season.

VEGETABLES. Early cabbages, young potatoes, turnips, carrots, brocoli, cauliflowers, early artichokes, asparagus, spinage, spring coleworts (the young shoots of which are by some preferred to asparagus), parsley, sorrel, radishes, lettuces, water and other cresses, fennel, marjoram, young onions, all sorts of sallads and sweet herbs.

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FRUITS.-Green apricots for tarts; currents and gooseberries for ditto; if the weather be fine, May and Mayduke cherries; small scarlet strawberries, and nutmeg peaches, from the green-house. The following pears, if care has been taken of them, will still be found juicy and good: l'amozelle, or lord Cheyne's green bergamot de pâque, bozy du Chaumontelle, and Parkinson's warden. Apples: the golden russet, stone pippin, John apple, oaken pippin, pomme d'apis, and Pile's russet; oranges, cocoa and other nuts, dates, French preserves, jar raisins, and almonds.

METHOD OF ASCERTAINING THE STRENGTH OF FOREIGN WINES.

Take any quantity of wine, and drop it into a solution of acetite of lead (sugar of lead) till no further

precipitate ensues. The precipitate thus produced, consists of the extractive and colouring matter of the wine, combined with the substance added to effect its separation; then filter the fluid, and add to it as much dry salt of tartar or pearl-ash as it will dissolve. The filtered fluid consists of the alcohol or spirit, which was contained in the wine, &c., also the water which it contained; now, by adding salt of tartar or pearl-ash to this compound, the water combines with the pearl-ash, and the spirit is set at liberty, and floats at the top of the fluid: if this experiment be made in a glass tube, graduated into one hundred parts, the quantity of spirit may be read off by mere inspection. A French chemist has lately recommended the substitution of very finely powdered litharge for the acetite or sugar of lead.

From an extensive series of experiments made on this subject, the following facts have been ascertained: 100 parts of

Parts of alcohol.

Port wine afforded upon an average 21:50
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Claret, average of eight samples
Lisbon, average of four samples 10-75
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Some doubt may perhaps be excited as to the accuracy of this statement, by a reference to the comparative intoxicating effects of wine, when compared with the same quantity of alcohol or brandy; but let it be remembered, that in wine the alcohol exists in a state of chemical combination with other substances, which necessarily diminishes its activity on the animal system.

RESTRICTIONS UPON TRADE.

Suppose a country, X, with three manufactures, as cloth, SILK, iron, supplying three other countries, A, B, C, but is desirous of increasing the

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The word economy, like a great many others, has, in its application, been very much abused. It is generally used as if it meant parsimony, stinginess, or niggardliness; and, at best, merely the refraining from spending money. Hence misers and close-fisted men disguise their propensity and conduct under the name of economy; whereas, the most liberal disposition, a disposition precisely the contrary of that of "the miser, is perfectly consistent with economy.

A

ECONOMY means management, and nothing more; and it is generally applied to the affairs of a house and family, which affairs are an object of great importance, whether as relating to individuals or to a nation. nation is made powerful and to be honoured in the world, not so much by the number of its people, as by the ability and character of that people; and the ability and character of a people depend, in a great measure, upon the economy of the several families, which, all taken together, make up a nation. There never yet was, and never will be, a nation permanently great, consisting, for the greater part, of wretched and miserable families.

THE FAMILY ECONOMIST, OR PLANS FOR THE EXPENDITURE OF INCOME.

As a fundamental principle we lay it down, that the greatest waste of income, is ANTICIPATION; or the living this week, month, or quarter, upon the money to be earned or received in the next week, month, or quarter. None but those who have experienced this mode of existence can form a just idea of half its disadvantages; where resources are respectable, it imposes at least a necessity from which a high mind would shrink, that of suffering an inquisitorial investigation into one's private affairs, through the medium of friends, &c. But where the income is confined, credit becomes actual beggary. He who can afford to expend but little, and has not money always at command, is at the entire mercy of his creditor, and that creditor a tradesman dealing in provisions! The Lord deliver us from such a taskmaster! Amongst the comforts derivable from such a system, we shall enumerate the following. He who seeks for credit, as beggars may not be choosers, must take it where he can find it; he is therefore confined to one shop in each line; he is obliged to submit to any terms, for no questions, particularly as to price, can be asked; he must accept whatever is given to him, and bless his stars for getting any thing at all-quality being as unquestionable as price. If he have one of Marriot's weighing dials, it is useless; the weights and measures of the man who kindly condescends to share his income are sacred, and (the worst rub of all) he must pay upon a certain day, or be consigned to the pettifogger and the bailiff, who bandy him to and fro, like a shuttlecock, while a single feather remains, and then transfer him to the common abode of fraudu

lent creditors* and improvident

It has, we understand, very fre quently occurred, that the debtor and the creditor have met in prison for the same original sin. The former for the debt, the latter for the costs of suit, Tradesmen, beware of pettifoggers!

debtors. To the unfortunate individual thus supported by sufferance, it were cruel in the extreme to talk of economy. As well might one recommend the exercises of youth and health to the aged and the infirm. To such a person we should merely say, Retrace your steps as soon as possible; suffer every privation, short of starvation, for one month, or for one year if necessary, to emancipate yourself from this most horrible of all grinding slaveries, and then the plans of systematic economy we shall recommend, may become your text-book.

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• Amusements and Brewer.

We have left these two items in blank, because an industrious man can have no greater amusement than that which he enjoys in the bosom of his family, and which need not increase his expenditure beyond what his incidental reserve may supply: it must be always borne in mind, that one guinea a-week is the smallest possible sum upon which the necessaries of life can be procured for four individuals; and when necessaries are the object, amusements which require money, must be avoided. As to beer, it is entirely unnecessary, and the money which it would consume, is much better expended in meat and bread

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certain ruin in three months; for, without taking into consideration the manner in which debt accumulates upon debt, the simple defalcation of fifteen shillings a-week for thirteen weeks, would be nine pounds fifteen, the one-third of which would destroy a weekly income of one guinea, which had to support four persons.

(To be continued.)

INDIGENCE, AND ITS REMEDIES.

In contemplating the situation of the poor, it is necessary, in the first instance, to have a clear conception of the distinction between indigence and poverty.

Poverty is that state in society where the individual has no surplus labour in store, and, consequently, no property, but what is derived from the constant exercise of industry in the various occupations of life; or, in other words, it is the state of every one who must labour for subsistence.

Indigence is that condition in society which implies want, misery, and distress. It is the state of any one who is destitute of the means of subsistence, and is unable by labour, or by any other means, to procure to the extent which nature requires. Indigence, therefore, and not poverty, is the evil; and the important

it

consideration is, "How to lessen the number of the indigent; and how to prevent the poor who have labour to dispose of, from degenerating into that class."

The casualties of human life often produce unavoidable indigence, for which there is no remedy, while the vices of the people more frequently reduce them to that burdensome state where no physical cause operates. That the attention may be more particularly directed to the causes which reduce mankind to that deplorable condition which calls for the labour of others to support them, the following general view is submitted as an introduction to the consideration of the reader :

Indigence not remediable, but not
culpable.

1. Insanity, and the various shades
of mental imbecility.

2. Bodily infirmities, such as blind-
ness, &c.

3. Inability to labour irremoveable.
4. Children left destitute.
5. Unprotected infancy.
6. Superannuation.

Indigence remediable, but requiring
assistance to raise it to poverty.
1. Temporary loss of employment,
inability to obtain employment,
and time wasted in seeking it.
2. Employment away from a fa-
mily, and hence imposing an
extra expenditure.

3. Sudden discharge of working men, through the failure of the employer, or through a temporary stagnation.

4. Bodies of labourers discharged
from canals and other public
works when completed.

5. Gardiners, bricklayers, shoe-
makers, and other mechanics
and labourers prevented from
working during intense frosts.
6. Stagnation generally in trade
and manufactures.

7. Scarcity and sudden advance of
the necessaries of life.

8. Wives and children of soldiers and sailors embarked upon foreign service.

9. Soldiers and seamen discharged

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7. Indifference to consequences. 8. Dissipation.

9. Habitual drunkenness.' 10. Abandoning a helpless family 11. Trusting to parish support. 12. Squandering earnings in alehouses.

13. Making no provision for a family, having the means, or making inadequate provision. 14. Servants losing character and place by bad conduct.

15. Prostitution, producing loss of character, disease, and a deprivation of the means of obtaining employment.

16. Contracting debts without ability to pay.

17. Fraudulent bankruptcy, and consequent loss of credit and confidence.

18. Systematic idleness, leading the lives of gypsies, and others, wandering as such, and assuming their manners.

19. Systematic criminality in all its numerous ramifications, producing a total loss of character. (To be continued in our next,),

HINTS TO THOSE WHO WOULD BE

RICH.

The use of money is all the advantage there is in having money.

For five pounds a year you may have the use of one hundred pounds, provided you are a man of known prudence and honesty.

He that spends a groat a-day idly, spends idly a guinea more than five pounds a year, which is the price for the use of one hundred pounds.

He that wastes idly a groat's worth of his time per day with another, wastes the privilege of using one hundred pounds each day.

He that idly loses five shillings worth of time, loses five shillings, and might as prudently throw five shillings into the sea.

He that loses five shillings, not only loses that sum, but all the advantage that might be made by turning it in dealing, which, by the time that a young man becomes old, will amount to a considerable sum of money.

Again: he that sells upon credit, asks a price for what he sells equivalent to the principal and interest of his money for the time he is to be kept out of it; therefore, he that buys upon credit, pays interest for what he buys; and he that pays ready money, might let that money out to use; so that he that possesses any thing he has bought, pays interest for the use of it.

Yet, in buying goods, it is best to pay ready money, because he that sells upon credit, takes into consideration the loss he may sustain by bad debts; therefore he charges on all he sells upon credit, an advance that shall make up the deficiency.

Those who pay for what they buy upon credit, pay their share of this advance.

He that pays ready money, escapes, or may escape, that charge.

A penny saved is two pence clear-
A pin a-day's a groat a-year,

THE WAY TO MAKE MONEY PLENTITUL IN EVERY MAN'S POCKET.

(By Dr. Franklin.)

At this time, when the general complaint is that "money is scarce," it

will be an act of kindness to inform the moneyless how they may reinforce their pockets. I will acquaint them with the true secret of money-catching. The certain way to fill empty purses, and how to keep them always full: two simple rules, well observed, will do the business.

1st. Let honesty and industry be thy constant companions; and,

2ndly. Spend one penny less than thy clear gains.

Then

Then shall thy hide-bound pocket soon begin to thrive, and will never again cry with empty belly-ache ; neither will creditors insult thee, nor want oppress, nor hunger bite, nor nakedness freeze thee. The whole hemisphere will shine brighter, and pleasure spring up in every corner of thy heart. Now, therefore, embrace these rules, and be happy. Banish the bleak winds of sorrow from thy mind, and live independent. shalt thou be a man, and not hide thy face at the approach of the rich, nor suffer the pain of feeling little when the sons of fortune walk at thy right hand; for independency, whether with little or much, is good fortune, and placeth thee on even ground with the proudest of the golden fleece. Oh, then, be wise, and let industry walk with thee in the morning, and attend thee until thou reachest the evening hour for rest. Let honesty be as the breath of thy soul, and never forget to have a penny when all thy expenses are enumerated and paid; then shalt thou reach the point of happiness, and independence shall be thy shield and buckler, thy helmet and crown; then shall thy soul walk upright, nor stoop to the silken wretch because he hath riches, nor pocket an abuse because the hand which offers it wears a ring set with diamonds.

DOMESTIC MEDICINE.

REMEDY FOR A COLD.

Bathe the legs in warm water at night, and take, going into bed, a drink of hot whey, with four grains of nitre. Cover warmly, so as to produce perspiration. If a sore throat,

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