the possibility of the wet's penetrating.

And, for securing any kind of timber-work, it equals painting in oil-colours, and is much more easy to obtain; for linseed-oil and rosin are more readily melted together, by boiling, than colours can any ways be ground; and, being of the consistence of balsam, works delicately with a brush, and, of itself, without the addition of colours, bears a sufficient body to secure all manner of timber-work, equal to most oilcolours.

In the working of it no great skill is required, if you can but use a painter's brush; only let the matter be laid on, so as to cover every part equally if you wish a colour on the outside, you need only grind the colour you intend with the last varnish you lay on.

Of Painting Cloth, Cambric, or Sarsnet, for Window-Transparencies, &c.

Let the cloth, sarsnet, &c. be first wetted in clean water, and then strained tight to the frame, and there made fast; and, when thoroughly dry, varnish them over with the following:

Take a pound of good clear nutoil, put it into an earthen pipkin, and add to it half a pound of good silver litharge, in fine powder; set it on a slow fire, but not to boil, and let it stand hot at least twelve hours, stirring it often in that time (this adds a drying quality to the oil). When it has stood thus long, pour it off from the litharge by inclination; then take a pound and a half of the clearest white rosin, beat to powder, and mix it with the oil on a slow fire, keeping it stirring till the rosin be dissolved; then take it off, and put into it a pound of good clear Venice turpentine; still keep stirring them all well together; then, with a good brush, let your blinds be thoroughly varnished over with this mixture, so that they may appear quite clear and transparent.

When this varnish is dry, you may paint upon them what you design with oil-colours; but landscape is

more particularly admired; for which purpose, the colours you mix ought to be such as are of a fine body, and apt to become transparent.

For these purposes, lake makes an excellent transparent ruby-colour ; and distilled verdigris makes an incomparable transparent green; orpi ment an excellent gold-colour; umber and yellow-ochre will become indifferently transparent, if thinly mixed: but for the other colours, there are not any proper to use in this work, without being so thinly mixed with oil, as will render them somewhat transparent.

'The varnish above described, being clear of itself, is excellent for paper-windows, or lights for cucum ber-frames, being much nore transparent than any other composition, and also more lasting; for the rosin and turpentine being made tough, when dry, by means of the oil mixed with it, does more powerfully resist the injuries of all weather than oil alone.

or

To persons troubled with weak eyes, who cannot endure a bright light, this varnish, mixed with distilled verdigris, may be very useful. For shades or blinds, of paper sarsnet, done over with it, will produce an incomparable green light, very agreeable to the sight, and of great benefit to those who, from the nature of their business, are obliged to work or write many hours by day or candle light. The whiteness of paper being very injurious to the sight, this green shade will be an infallible defender of it, superior to a green reading-glass, spectacles, or any other contrivance.

(To be continued)

LAWS RELATING TO LANDLORDS AND TENANTS.

(Continued from p. 204). Notice to quit Premises. Agreeable to the opinion of the Judges, every TENANT FOR YEARS (or one who holds from year to year) is entitled to half a year's notice, which must be given in such manner, that the tenant must quit the premises at the same quarter-day on

which he took possession; for instance, if his rent commenced at Midsummer-day, the notice must be served at or before Christmas, that And ne may quit at Midsummer. they hold the like law as to houses let at will, unless there be some usage or custom, in the place or district where the house is situate, to give a shorter or other kind of notice to quit. Many landlords who have had tenants better acquainted with the law than themselves, have experienced much perplexity from their ignorance on this subject.

A person took a house on the 15th of May, 1781, the rent to commence from Midsummer following. On the 26th of March, 1785, the tenant received notice to quit on the 29th of September following. The question was, whether the rule which requires half a year's notice to be given to a tenant at will, also requires that such notice shall expire at the end of a complete year from the commencement of the tenancy; the court held that it must so expire.

If notice be given up to a wrong time, or a quarter instead of half a year, such warning should be objected to as soon as possible.

Where three months' notice to quit has been given, where six was in strictness necessary, and no objection was made to it at the time, the notice was deemed good and binding on the party accepting it.

But a tenant may object to the insufficiency of such notice on trial, if he did not accept it.

When premises are held by lease, or for a certain time, and no longer, the expiration of the term is sufficient notice to quit, without any other.

Where a tenant comes in after any of the regular quarter days, he should pay a separate sum for the remainder of the quarter, and commence annual tenant at the quarter-day. This will, in all probability, render his notice to quit, and the expiration of his term, more convenient both to himself and his landlord.

The usual and best way of giving notice to a tenant, is to quit or pay double rent. This is also esteemed the best method when the landlord

intends only to raise the rent, as he may afterwards agree for a less sum than he has specified in the notice.

If the landlord cannot ascertain the time when the tenancy commenced, he may inquire of the tenant, who must be served with notice to quit at the time he mentions, and must obey the warning, whether it be the true time or not, as it is agreeable to his own words. If he refuses to give the information desired, the landlord, instead of "on or before," as in the following form, must insert, "at the end and expiration of the current year of your tenancy, which shall expire next after the end of one half year from the date hereof." This is lawful notice. Form of Notice to Quit or pay Double Rent, agreeable to 4 Geo. II. c. 28. To Mr. A. B

Ejectment and Re-entry. When a tenant has given notice to quit, and does not, he is liable to an ejectment, the same as if the landlord had given him notice."

In all cases between landlord and tenant, when half a year's rent is due, such landlord may, without any formal demand or re-entry, serve a declaration on ejectment for the recovery of the leased premises; or if they are unoccupied, he may affix it to the door, or the most conspicuous part of the premises, which shall be deemed legal, and shall stand instead of a deed and re-entry.

And if any tenant holding any lands, tenements, or hereditaments at a rack rent, or where the rent reserved shall be full three-fourths of the yearly value of the demised premises, who shall be in arrear for one half year's rent, shall desert the deinised premises, and leave the same uncultivated or unoccupied, so as no Hufficient distress can be had to countervail the arrears of rent, it shall be lawful to and for two or more justices of the peace of the county, riding, division, or place (having no interest in the demised premises), at the request of the landlord or his bailiff or receiver, to go upon and view the game, and to affix or cause to be affixed on the most notorious part of the premises, notioe in writing what day (at the distance of fourteen days at least) they will return to take a Fecond view thereof; and if, upon such second view, the tenant or some person on his behalf, shall not appear and pay the rent in arrear, or there shall not be sufficient distress upon the premises, then the said justices may put the landlord into the possession of the said demised premises; and the lease thereof to such tenant shall from thenceforth become void.

Where the term of any tenant holding under any lease or agreement in writing any lands, tenements, or hereditaments, for any term of years certain, or from year to year, shall have expired either by the landlord or tenant by regular notice to quit, aud such tenant or any one holding or claiming by or under him, shall refuse to deliver up possession accord

ingly, after lawful demand in writing made and signed by the landlord.or his agent, and served personally upon or left at the dwelling house or usua place of abode of such tenant or person, and the landlord shall thereupon proceed by action of ejectment for the recovery of possession, it shall be lawful for him, at the foot of the declaration, to address a notice to such tenant or person, requiring him to appear in the court in which the action shall have been commenced, on the first day of the term then next following; or if the action shall be brought in Wales, or in the counties of palatine of Chester, Lancaster, or Durham, respectively, then, on the first day of the next session or assizes, or at the court-day (as the case may be) there to be made defendant, and to find such bail, if ordered by the court, and for such purposes as are herein. after next specified; and upon the appearance of the party at the day prescribed, or in case of non-appear ance, on making the usual affidavit of service of the declaration and notice, it shall be lawful for the landlord, producing the lease or agreement, or some counterpart or duplicate thereof, and proving the execution of the same by affidavit, and upon affidavit that the premises have been actually enjoyed under such lease and agreement, and that the interest of the tenant has expired by regular notice to quit, and that possession has been lawfully demanded in manner aforesaid, to move the court for a rule for such tenant or person to show cause, within a time to be fixed by the court on a consideration of the situation of the premises why such tenant or person, upon being admitted defendant, beside entering into the common rule, and giving the common undertaking, should not undertake, in case a verdict shall pass for the plaintiff, to give the plaintiff a judgment, to be entered up against the real defendant, of the term next pre ceding the time of trial, or if the action shall be brought in Wales, of in the counties palatine respectively, then of the sessions, assizes or court day (as the case may be) at which the trial shall be had, and also why

he should not enter into a recognizance, by himself and two sufficient sureties, in a reasonable sum conditioned to pay the costs and damages which shall be recovered by the plaintiff in the action; and it shall be Jawful for the court upon cause shown, or upon affidavit of the service of the rule in case no cause shall be shown, to make the same absolute in the whole or in part, and to order such tenant or person within to be fixed, upon a consideration of all the circumstances, to give such undertakings, and to find such bail, with such conditions and in such manner as shall be specified in the said rule, or such part of the same so made absolute; and in case the party shall neglect or refuse so to do, and shall lay no ground to induce the court to enlarge the time for obeying the same, then, upon affidavit of the service of such order, an absolute rule shall be made for entering up judgment for the plaintiff.

the

2. On the trial of any ejectment, at the suit of a landlord against a tenant, the production of the consent rule and undertaking of the defendant, shall be sufficient evidence of lease, entry, or ouster, on default of the defendant's appearance; and judge shall permit the plaintiff to go into evidence of the mesne profits thereof, which shall or might have accrued from the day of the expiration of the tenant's interest in the same, down to the time of the verdict, cr to some preceding day; and the jury, finding for the plaintiff, shall, in such case, give their verdict both as to the recovery of the premises, and also as to the amount of the damages to be paid for such mesne profits; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to bar any such landlord from bringing an action of trespass for the mesue profits which shall accrue from the day specified in the verdict, down to the delivery of possession.

3. On trials after undertakings have been given, and bail found, if a verdict for the plaintiff should appear to be contrary to evidence, or that the damages were excessive, the judge may stay the execution of judg

ment absolutely until the fifth day of next terin, sessions, assizes, or court day (as the case may be) at the requisition of the defendant, in case he shall, within four days from the day of trial, find security by the recogni zance of himself and two sufficient sureties in such reasonable sum as the judge shall direct, conditioned not to commit any waste, and not to sell or carry off any standing crops, hay, straw, or manure produced or made upon the premises, and which may happen to be thereupon.

(To be continued.)

JOHN BUNDLEBOY.

The following extract is from a letter, signed One out of Three, from the same writer whose letter in defence of the Pawnbrokers we inserted in our Eighth Number: we have not room to insert his present communication at length.

"About fifty years ago, a woman brought into a pawnbroker's shop in Dublin a basket of linen to pawn; the money required upon the pledge was something more than the pawnbroker thought fit to lend; the woman left the shop for an instant, but immediately returned, with the basket and contents, to all appearance, unaltered; the money was delivered to her, and the pledge placed at the back of the shop, for removal to the warehouse at a convenient opportunity: in about an hour, a faint human cry was heard to proceed from the basket, which, upon being examined, was found to have been deprived of part of its former contents, and a young male child substituted: the unnatural woman who pledged it was in vain sought after; the child was maintained at the expense of the charitable pawnbroker, and received at the baptismal font the name of John Bundleboy: when arrived at a fit age, the pawnbroker took him as an apprentice; during the term of his service, the youth conducted himself in a very exemplary manner; his master was pleased with his conduct : nor was this all-his demeanor made a tender impression upon the only daughter of his patron, and at the age of twenty-five he was blessed with

her hand. The world went well with him, and John Bundleboy is now living, a wealthy and much re spected inhabitant of the city of Dublin, the father of several Bundleboys, by whom, no doubt, the name will be perpetuated.

ON SNUFF-TAKING.

Every professed, inveterate, and incurable snuff-taker, at a moderate computation, takes one pinch in ten minutes. Every pinch, with the agreeable ceremony of blowing and wiping the nose, and other incidental circumstances, consumes a minute and a half.

One minute and a half out of every ten, allowing sixteen hours to a Buff-taking day, amounts to two hours and twenty-four minutes out of every natural day, or one day out of every ten.

One day out of every ten amounts to 36 days and a half in every year.

Hence, if we suppose the practice to be persisted in forty years, two entire years of the snuff-taker's life will be dedicated to tickling his nose, and two more to blowing it.

The expence of snuff, snuff-boxes, and handkerchiefs, encroaches as much on the income of the snuff-taker as it does on his time; and by the money thus lost to the public, a fund might be constituted for the discharge of the national debt.

WILL WILLIS ON GOOSE ANGLING.

If you have a gander or goose which is apt to roam too much in the water, take him to a fish-pond or river where fish abound, having first fastened a string round his or her body, to which a well-baited hook should be attached; thus accoutred, the bird will swim, the fish will probably bite, and then an amusing struggle will ensue; the fish will sometimes pull the goose; anon, the goose will pull the fish; victory will certainly declare for the cackler, who will be cured of his rambling propenity, and you will, if you are lucky, have a fine fish for your dinner.

WILL WILLIS.

To the Editor of The Economist. SIR;-In your Annals of Gulling last week, I find you have very ably exposed the impositions attempted on the way-worn traveller, at the various caravansaries he is under the neces sity of entering. Allow me to give you a hint or two on another spe cies of imposition connected with the same, which I think in this case is by far the worst of the two, as you ge nothing for your money-I mean the insolent demand made on you by the guards and coachmen of a fee-for what I cannot conceive; only, I suppose, to enhance the fare, under the impression that you have left your home to get rid of your money? it is no consideration of theirs, whether you are on business or pleas