ELISHA LAIRD, New-York. warrant the belief, that his produce will be valua- which the following is an extract:-"I have only to J. S. SKINNER, Esq. W. R. JOHNSON." mare. Halifax, (N. C.) January 1, 1810. The celebrated and unequalled running horse A fine bay, five feet four inches high, seven years BLOOD. heats; entrance $500, half forfeit; to which there are now five subscribers. 2d. A post sweepstakes for colts and fillies, three years old next spring; to run next spring, two mile heats; entrance $200, half forfeit; to which there are four subscribers. 3d. A produce sweepstakes for colts and fillies, dropt next spring; to run spring 1831, mile heats; entrance $100, half forfeit; to which there are now nine subscribers. 4th. A produce sweepstakes for colts and fillies, dropt next spring, to run fall 1831, two mile heats; entrance $200, half forfeit; to which there are now eight subscribers. Any person desirous to subscribe to the above stakes, will direct, by the first of January, to the subscriber, at Tree Hill, near Richmond. J. M. SELDEN. Tree Hill, Dec. 11, 1827. A large grey or black eagle, was shot on Monday, the 3d inst., on the farm of Mr Isaac Grove, within a few miles of York, Pennsylvania, by two citizens of that place, who were on a gunning excursion. It measured across the wings, when extended, between seven and eight feet. MISCELLANEOUS. New-York, Jan. 1, 1821. Dear Sir,-Yours of the 28th of December is received, respecting my horse American Eclipse; the ownership stands as when I saw you, although he is under my immediate control. I do not believe be can be had for less than $2,500; and I believe him to he the cheapest horse in America. As regards his being foundered, it is not a fact. He was in train last fail, and got wrong by bad management in training under too much clothing, &c.; but he soon got over it, and would have been continued in train and run, had not my partner died at that time, and his relations disapproved of it. He is as fine as he ever was, and I believe he can outrun any genPotomac was got by the imported horse Diomed; WHITE MUSTARD SEED. tleman's horse the four mile heats, in the spring, and his dam, Fairy, by Pegasus, who partook of the We have been requested to give the following if I purchase him I shall train him with my colt-following crosses, viz: Wildair, the ported Fear article an insertion in our columns, by a respectahe is a horse of the greatest constitution I ever nought, the imported mare Kitty Fisher, the impor-ble and intelligent individual, who believes that the He never covered a mare until last spring; ted horse Traveller, Mark Anthony, Aristotle, Bon- community may be benefited by its publication. The he has covered about forty, and I am told, very ny Lass, the imported Jolly Roger, Yorick, &c. simple medicine recommended in it, (observes the generally with foal. As you only wish him for a Editor of the Christian Intelligencer,) we underbrood horse, I can only add, that he is one of the best horses to cover mares I ever saw. stand, is held in high estimation by Dr. VAUGHAN, Cock-of of Hallowell, who is the owner of the hand bill, the-Rock is sold and gone into the upper part of the printed in England, which we now republish below. state of Vermont, and Duroc is going to the northward. There is no horse here that stands like Eclipse; and was he to be let to mares, he would command as many as would be reasonable to put him to at a high price. You will please write to me on the subject, and may rely on my candour, &c. Yours respectfully, knew. C. W. VAN RANST. PEDIGREES OF VALUABLE HORSES. (Continued from p. 310.) The celebrated Racer SIR ARCHIE; A fine bay, five feet four inches high, gotten by old Diomed, out of Castinira, who was imported by colonel John Tayloe, of Mount Airy, Virginia, and sent over to him as the best blood stock in England; she was got by Rockingham, out of a Trentham, &c. Sir Archie will stand at New Hope, two miles from the town of Halifax, (N C.) the ensuing season, which will commence the fifteenth day of February and end on the first of August, to cover mares, at forty dollars the season; which may be discharged with the payment of ten pounds Virginia currency, by first January, 1811. Good and extensive pasturage, and servants' board gratis; the mares, if ordered, will be fed with corn at a low rate, and every possible attention paid to them; but I will not be accountable for accidents of any description. As a racer, or a blood-horse, Sir Archie is inferior to no horse ever bred or trained in this or any other country. At New-Market and elsewhere, he has beaten the following famous horses:-Wrangler, Tom Tough, Pallafox, Minerva, Ratray, Gallatin, &c., and also General Carney's celebrated racer Blank, by Citizen, never beaten before or since. The above will appear by reference to a letter now in my possession, from Mr. William R. Johnson, who formerly trained and owned him, and from PERFORMANCES. [Boston v. Gaz. Observations on the medicinal efficacy of White Mustard seed, written by a gentleman in Lincolnshire, from his personal experience, and originally circulated by him for the general benefit. Potomac's performances on the turf have far surpassed any horse of his age ever raised in America, and is admitted by all the old racers, and others who have seen him run, to be the best distance horse that ever was on the American turf, and supposed to be equal to any on earth. His speed is this day unknown to all who have seen him perform, although he has often started against the best horses both in Virginia and North Carolina. He In the month of June, 1822, I first made trial of has been several times excepted from running four the White Mustard Seed, merely as an aperient; mile heats, and eleven times a winner without find when the generally improved state of my feelings, ing a horse to put him to his speed. At three years which immediately followed, inclining me to give it old he was twice a winner; once at New-Market, credit for other medicinal properties of at least beating with ease several fine horses; and the se- equal value, I gave it to some of the sick poor in cond time at Smithfield, for the proprietor's purse, the neighbourhood, with a success that excited my two mile heats. At four years old, he was six times astonishment. From that time to the present I a winner, four mile heats, running over the follow- have been in the habit of recommending it very ing courses, viz: Smithfield; New-Market, spring generally; and the opinion which I have always enterand fall; Fairfield; Norfolk, and Belfield. At five tained is now fully confirmed, that the public are not years old he was three times a winner; spring and aware of is extraordinary powers, nor of the very fall at New-Market, four mile heats; and at War great variety of cases to which it is applicable; and renton, three mile heats-beating and distancing at that in order to its general adoption as a remedy for different times and places the following celebrated disease, its virtues require only to be known, to be horses, viz: St. Leon, Whiskey, Aolus, Topgallani, adequately appreciated. Doctor, Monticello, Sir Harry, Carolina, Sweetlips, The whte mustard seed is an almost certain reStump-the Dealer, Ratray, Sir Peter, Cedar, At-medy for ill complaints connected with disordered lantic, Magic, Young Peace-Maker, Surprise, and functions of the stomach, liver and bowels, and bas Don Quixotte. been eminently successful in the following cases: In tendency of blood to the head, head-ache, weakness of the eye and voice, and hoarseness; in asthma, shortness of breath, wheezing, cough, and other distressing affections of the chest; in indigestion, oppression after eating, heartburn, sickness, wind and spasms, cramp, and other uneasy affections of the stomach; in debility, uneasiness, pain and sense Potomac, the last season, covered 146 mares, and has proved himself a sure foal getter; and is now in high health and vigour and not a blemish about MARK ALEXANDER. him. Mecklenburg, Va. Feb. 1st, 1810. RICHMOND RACES, OVER THE THREE HILL COURSE 1st. A sweepstakes for colts and fillies, three of tenderness and soreness in the interior, and particularly a the pit of the stomach, and in pain in the sides, and the lower part of the body; in all complaints arising from bile, scirrhous liver, and other morlid affections of that organ; in deficient perspiration, gravel, scanty and unhealthy state of the urine, andother disorders of the skin and kidneys; and irritable bowels, flatulence, and occasional or ha- he is now enjoying a greater degree of strength and before. Those who dine so late as six or seven bitual costiveness; in severe colds, rheumatism, lum-activity, and much better spirits, than he recollects o'clock, taking the second dose at two or three bago, spasms and cramp in the body or limbs, par-ever to have had before. The most formidable bo- o'clock in the afternoon, and the third about an tial and general dropsy, palsy, coldness of the limbs dily evils to which we are exposed, are well known hour after dinner. Each dose should contain that and feet, and in loss of appetite, failure of sleep, to originate in colds, to which, from the extreme va- quantity, which in the whole, shall be found sufficient weakness of nerves, depression of spirit, and gene-riableness of our climate, we are peculiarly liable. to produce a healthy evacuation of the bowels ral debility of the system. In ague, gout, rheuma As a means of preventing this fruitful source of every day. Two or the large tea-spoonsful in tic fever, epilepsy, scrofula, scurvy, piles, erysipelis disease, by obviating the baneful effects of sudden each dose will generally produce this effect, though or St. Anthony's fire; in the dreadfully painful affec- exposure, the mustard seed has, in most instances, with some constitutions much smaller doses will antion called the small pox, typhus and scarlet fevers, been remarkably successful. Ever since 1822, Iswer the purpose; but should that quantity fail, and other severe disorders, has likewise been taken have myself regularly taken it once a day; and dur- each dose may be increased to a table-spoonful; and with very considerable advantage. For the long ing all this time I have never been troubled with in some instances a fourth table-spoonful may be round worms, as well as the small white ones, it is the slightest cold, and I have enjoyed an uninter- added between breakfast and dinner. When the also incomparably the best remedy, inasmuch as rupted flow of health. A near relation of mine, quantity fails to produce the desired effect on the both in children and grown up persons, it not only whose life for many years had been frequently ex-bowels, a circumstance which very rarely occurs, it destroys those reptiles, but if persevered in long posed to imminent danger from the inflammatory will be proper to assist the operation of the seed enough to restore the tone of the stomach and bow-affections of the chest, brought on by cold of which with a little Epsom salts, or other mild aperient, els, will entirely prevent their recurrence in future. he was remarkably susceptible, has also happily taken every morning, or every second or third The following case furnishes a striking proof of experienced a similar advantage from it; and if per- morning, as occasion may require, instead of the the extraordinary remedial power of the mustard sons of consumptive and delicate habits, or other first dose of the seed, for the space of ten days or seed. A very respectable surgeon and apothecary, wise constitutionally susceptible of cold, would avail a fortnight, or such longer period as may be found whom I have long known, a person of regular and themselves of this hint, and if all persons, indiscri- necessary. And if the patient be troubled with rather abstemious habits, who, during a period of minately, on the first attack of disease, would have piles, it will be advisable to relieve the bowels octhirty years had sustained the fatigue of a most ex-recourse to mustard seed for a few weeks, the ex-casionally with a small tea-spoonful of milk of sultensive country practice, with scarce a day's illness, tent to which human suffering might be thus pre- phur, and an equal quantity of magnesia mixed toat the age of fifty-two was suddenly attacked with vented, would, it may reasonably be presumed, ex-gether in a little milk or water, taken at bed-time, a severe pain in the left side and lower part of the ceed all calculation. either with or after the dose of the seed. body. Supposing the disease to arise from consti- In the white mustard seed are combined a valua- In palsy, asthma, ague, diseases of the liver, pated bowels, he had recourse to calomel, rheu-ble aperient and an equally valuable tonic; and thus, rheumatism, and worms, the seed should be taken barb, castor oil, and several other active aperients, while it affords the most salutary and comfortable somewhat more freely than in other cases; and in without obtaining relief. He then took an emetic, relief to the bowels, it never weakens, but on the instances of long standing and great obstinacy, to was bled largely in the arm, used a hot bath, was contrary always strengthens, both those organs and the extent of four or five large table-spoonsful in blistered in the part affected, and lay for seventy the stomach, and ultimately the whole system. Its the course of each day, if the bowels will bear that hours in a most profuse perspiration. By this treat efficacy probably consists in a commuuication of quantity without much inconvenience; and in these ment the pain gradually abated; leaving him, how-energy and activity to those movements of the canal as in other cases, the patient must have recourse to ever, at the end of four days, extremely weak and by which the aliment is propelled, and in this way, Epsom salts, or any other mild aperient, or to the emaciated. For the space of two years afterwards, perhaps, it operates in animating and improving mixture of sulphur and magnesia, if necessary. he had frequent and severe returns of the pain; and those secretions of the stomach, pancreas, and liver, When the seed is taken as a preventive by persons his constitution being undermined, the stomach, li- by which digestion and chylification, those most im- of consumptive and delicate habits, or otherwise ver and kidneys became sensibly affected; and indi- portant functions in the animal economy, are effect constitutionally susceptible of cold, or by others for gestion, constipation and flatulence, were succeeded ed. It has very frequently succeeded when all other the purpose of preventing the recurrence of disease by every appearance of general decay. Having medicines have failed; it never loses its effect by use; of any kind, or as a remedy for costiveness or any consulted several professional men, and taken a it requires neither confinement to the house, nor any slight attack of disease, a single dose taken every great variety of medicines during the period, but to particular attention to diet; and, in the absence of de- day about an hour before breakfast, or, which is no good purpose, in November, 1822, he made trial cidedly inflammatory symptoms, is always safe. In generally to be preferred, about an hour after dinof the mustard seed; and it is remarkable, that in a order to take it with advantage, the patient need ner, will very frequently accomplish the proposed very few days after taking this remedy the pain en-only attend to its effects on the bowels, which, geobject, provided it be sufficient in quantity to keep tirely ceased, and has never since returned. The the bowels in an uniformly open and comfortable action of the affected organs was gradually improvstate. ed, digestion was restored, the bowels resumed their functions, and at different times he was relieved by the discharge of several small portions of gravel. Encouraged by these advantages, he con- After what has been already stated, it is almost tinued the use of the seed with increased confidence. superfluous to observe that the mustard seed is peIn Nov., 1823, he discharged with ease a large, rug-culiarly adapted to the case of those whose habits, ged oblong portion of gravel, and to use his own expression, his health had then, and for some time before, attained a state of wonderful improvement. nerally speaking, it is not designed to purge, but I will close these observations by remarking, that a steady daily perseverance in the use of the mustard seed, according to the rules above recommended, for the space of two, three, or four months, and in many instances for a much shorter period, will seldom fail to convince the patient of the extraor dinary efficacy and singular value of this very safe, cheap and simple medicine. I. T. NEW AND ECONOMICAL PREPARATION Of Tar as a situations, and conditions in life, render them more particularly liable to disordered functions of the stomach, liver, and bowels, with the endless variety The white mustard seed is also fully as valuable of distressing maladies flowing from those causes. for the prevention as for the cure of disease, and of Of this class are principally the studious and sedenits power as a preventive, the following case is a tary; persons whose constitutions have suffered MR. SKINNER, remarkable illustration. A friend of mine had for from long residence in hot climates; mariners and Sir, The recent scarcity, and consequent high five or six years previous to 1823, been regularly sailors while at sea; manufacturers and mechanics price of tar, induces me to appeal to an experiattacked with the hay or summer asthma, in the of every description; miners and such as work un-ment, the result of which I submit to your judgmonths of June or July, in each of those years. der ground; the indolent and intemperate; the poor ment either to communicate to the various readers The attacks were always violent, and for the most who suffer from hard labour and scanty means of of your useful paper, or otherwise dispose of it as part accompanied with some danger; and such was support, and persons advanced in years. To chil- you may think proper. Finding it a difficult matthe impression made on his constitution by the dren also in the early period of infancy, the white ter to mix tar and red ochre, suitably, for the roofs disease, and the remedies resorted to, of which mustard seed is highly beneficial not only as a re- of my houses, &c., I could not make a mixture of bleeding and blistering were the chief-that each ill-medy for worms, but as a means of obviating the those two articles, that would not, when cool, beness led to a long confinement to the house, extendcome separate. I was induced to make the applicaing to a period of nearly three months. In the early tion of a third ingredient, viz: very strong brine, part of 1823, he resolved to make trial of the mus which has not only removed the difficulty complaintard seed, in order to prevent, if possibte, a recured of above, but has enabled me to effect the object rence of the complaint, and has since regularly with six barrels of tar, which nine, in the ordinary taken a dessert spoonful about an hour after dinner, way of applying it to the roofs of houses, would not daily, to the present time; during which long period effect, in the following simple manner. In the kethe has not only wholly escaped the disease, but his tle in which I warmed (not boiled) the tar, I put health has never been interrupted by illness of any half a barrel of tar. After placing a gentle fire kind, and has been progressively improving, until around it, only sufficient to warm it entirely, I ap extreme debility of the stomach and bowels, so fre- The mustard seed is always to be swallowed whole, been THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1827. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL-ROAD STOCK has A SWEEPSTAKE OVER THE WASHINGTON CITY Line. Frigates. Corvetts. Sloops, &c. Total English 3 French 3 Russia 4 10 19 / 4 0 2 0 26 6 13 11 7 8 26 66 plied one gallon of brine, made as strong as salt would make it, to every two gallons of the tar; faking as much of the above described quantity of brine as was necessary to mix the red ochre to the consistency of gruel; then mixing the whole together, and stirring it till entirely united. This, I find,Allies 10 produces a better body than any produced heretoTurks 3 fore by the tar and ochre alone,-and when the adFour of the frigates, were, in fact, sixty-four gun vantages (of lessening the quantity of tar, the supeships, and there were forty transports moored berior cement thus formed, together with the generally hind the line of battle. The allied fleets carried very desirable effect the salt will have to resist the 1260, and the Turkish 1718 guns-the former howravages of fire, shall be placed in the scale of the A subscription paper will remain open until the ever had an advantage in weight of metal, and the additional expense of salt, which does not, I think, 31st of March next, for a sweepstake for colts three latter had the assistance of the batteries on shore. exceed a peck to each barrel of tar, and that used years old in 1828-$200 entrance-balf forfeit. It The Turks set fire to their ships rather than surby me was dirty fish salt) shall be tested by the ex-is confined to colts foaled north of the Pamunky render them, and nearly their whole fleet was deperimentalist, I am induced to think, he will also river. Colts to be entered with the treasurer of the stroyed without any being captured. "One Turkrecommend the plan to his fellow citizens. Washington Jockey Club, who will give any infor-ish line-of battle-ship was burned; two driven on A VIRGINIAN. mation required by persons wishing to become sub-shore, wrecks: one double frigate sunk, one on scribers. shore, a wreck; two burned: fifteen frigates burnt and sunk; three on shore, wrecks; one on shore, masts standing: fifteen corvettes burned and sunk; four on shore, wrecked: nine brigs burnt and sunk; one on shore, masts standing: six fire ships destroyof war, only eight are left afloat." ed and three transports. Of the sixty-six vessels N. B. We understand there are three subscribers already. MARYLAND MARBLE.-From a friend, we have received what, he says, is an inferior speci- (From the N. Y. Commercial Advertiser of Dec. 17.) GREAT NEWS FROM GREECE. By the packet ships William Thompson, Captain Maxwell, and Helen, Capt. Cobb, from Liverpool, we have our regular files of London papers to the 16th of Nov., and Liverpool of the 17th. By the Bayard, Capt. Robinson, from Havre, we have Paris papers to the 15th Nov., inclusive. lb. 31 a 374; Chickens, per pair, 374a50; Ducks, canMARKETING-Apples, bush. 75 a 100; Butter, 1st qual. vass back $1; Geese 374 to 50; Turkies 75 to 1 25; Cab. toes, bushel, 50; Parsnips, bushel, 75; Turnips 50; Beef, ages, per hundred, $3 50; Eggs, dozen, 20 cts.; Potaprime pieces, per lb. 8; Veal, 6; Mutton, 5 to 6; Pork, 4 a 4 50; Live Cattle, beef, $4 50 to 5. Hay, per ton, $10; Straw, $6; Oats, per bush. 30 cts. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. TOBACCO.--Seconds, $3.00 a 7.00-Sorubs, 4.50 a 6.50-common crop, 3.00 a 3.75-Do. red, 3.75 a 4.50good red, 4.50 a 5.00-Fine red, 5.50 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 10.00-Yellow do. 5.50 a 10.00-Fine yellow, 15.00 a 20.00-Virginia do. 3.50 a 7.00-Rappahannock, 3.50 a 4.00-Kentucky, 3.50 a 5.00 do. for wrapping, 6.00 a 7.00. N. B. The above should be applied boiling hot. (From the Saturday Evening Post.) SURMISES ON SWALLOWS. The general idea about Swallows is that they emigrate to warm climates to avoid winter in bigh latitudes. They must have been this year, 1827, in a very great hurry to avoid being caught by the frostif you consider that on the 1st of September, they took their departure, and during that lapse of time, there certainly has been a great many sultry days, far from being frosty. It is said they migrate into warm climates; but yet in those countries they disappear after having raised their brood, and from November to March they are absent, not for want of heat certainly-yet they are gone-where? This is the question; gone to warmer climates, seeking for heat-but in this month, September, there was no occasion for them to seek for such a thing; chief ly when you consider that at their first appearance here in the latter end of March, or in April, the frost is hardly out of the ground, and the temperature very cold in comparison with this month, September is it then a decree of nature that their lives should be suspended, and be subject to a metFLOUR-white wheat family, $5.75 a 6 00-superfine amorphosis-this is not a new thing; we know aniHoward-st. 5.124; city mills, 1.75; Susquehanna, 4.871— mals, reptiles, &c. that are subject to a suspension CORN MEAL, bbl. 2.624 a 2 75-GRAIN, white wheat, of life--some in that state to a metamorphosis-evebest, 90 a 1.05-red, .80 a .95--CoRN, new .42 a .43 ry one previous to that time has received of nature, The storm which has so long been gathering in RYE, .50 a 52-OATS, 30-BEANS, .80 a 1.00-PEAS, the instinct to prepare an habitation for their inter the East of Europe, has at length burst upon the 40.50-CLOVER Seed, 4.75 a 5.50-TIMOTHY. 3.00— mission of life-some for a few days, or for a few Turks with terrific fury. A tremendous blow has BARLEY, 75 a 80-FLAXSEED, 90-COTTON, Virginia, 10a 101-Louisiana, .11 a .13-Alabama, .10 a .11-Mrmonths-and in this country we have a kind of Ci-been inflicted upon the Turkish and Egyptian Ma- souri, 10.101-N. Carolina, .94 a.10-WOOL wash'd, cada that makes its appearance every 17 years-rine, which must convince the Sultan, and the Egyp-.18 4.22-half blood, .26 a 28-three-quarter, .28 a .30 what becomes of them during their extinction nobo-tian butcher in the Morea, that the Allied Powers-full do. .30 a .35-HEMP, Russia, per ton, dy knows. Do the Swallows emigrate? or, as some are at length in earnest. It will be seen by the offi---Country, dew-rotted, ton, 136 a 140-water-rotted, pretend to say, do they prepare for their time of ex- cial advices from the British Admiral in the Levant, 170 a 19-FISH, Herrings, Susqueh. bbl. 3.12-Mackeit at the bottom of ponds, lakes or rivers, a humid that the combined fleets of England, France and rel, 4.25 a 5.75-BACON, hams, 9 a. 10-Feathers, 26428 residence? Do they in that watery, temporary grave Russia, finding it necessary to enter the harbor of -WHISKEY, in hhds. 1st proof, 24 a 25-in bbls. 26. conserve their feathers? do they loose them? some Navarin to enforce the armistice to which Ibrahim say nay, some say yea-if they traverse the ocean, Pacha had agreed, but which he was violating by as some believe, why should they prefer a watery waging a still more terrible war upon the poor Great Produce of Pumpkins-Seeds of large Cucumsurface, and abandon flying over land where they Greeks, were fired upon by the Turkish and EgyP-bers and Guinea Grass wanted-Ravages of the Hessian may get subsistence as they go along, I am sure in tian ships. A general and bloody engagement en- Fly-Urine, or Liquid Manure, Inquiry-History of the the air there is no mountains, no rivers, no impedi-sued, which continued four hours, and resulted in Trade and Manufacture of Cotton in Great Britain-ments to obstruct their course? why are they not the total destruction of the combined Turkish maseen flying in flocks southerly, chiefly when it is known that they disappear suddenly--some think they sink in the mud, and assert they have seen them plunge in the water--some say that fishermen have dragged masses of them enclosed in clay--after all there is nothing but surmises. Heaven from all creatures hides the book of Fate--and from brutes what men know. The idea of submersion was adopted by the ancients, they thought that lifeless, without feathers, they lay on the bottom of the waters; so says one of their Poets. rine, with an immense loss of lives. The combined 275 CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On the Manufacture of Cotton in the Southern States, No. 12-Sheep-Tall Corn in Ohio-Large Hogs-Table of the Value of Wheat in different countries in 1827-Neatness on Farms-Facts-Large Cattle-Winter Food for Cows-On Preserving Potatoes-ScrapsThe battle seems to have been fought with great choice Flowers-Onion Crop in Rhode Island-RailCheap Manure-Prince's Astrapæa Waliichi and other fury on both sides: but the Turks do not appear to road to the Lakes-on the Education of Children, Auhave lost that obstinate courage for which they have thority and Obedience, concluded-a Lady's Toilettebeen remarked ever since they became a nation. American Eclipse to stand at Richmond, Va.-PediConsidering the number of ships of the line oppos-grees of valuable Horses, continued, Sir Archie and ed to the Turks and the Egyptians, it is surprising Potomac-Richmond Races over the Tree Hill Course, that the battle lasted so long. Certainly the Turks for a Sweepstakes-Medicinal Efficacy of White Mushave shown by this battle, that in point of ability, tard Seed-Composition for Covering Houses-SurmiCOTTON CROP.-An extract of a letter from Co-they are superior to what we have supposed. They ses on Swallows-Editorial, Sweepstake over the Washlumbia, S. C. published in the Charleston Mercury, indeed fought to desperation, and their loss was ter-ington City Course, Maryland Marble-News-Prices. states it is the opinion of planters from every dis-rific. In one of their largest ships 650 men were Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for trict of the upper country, that there has not been so killed, and in another 400. The following is a sy- JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Toy, corner short a crop of cotton for many years. nopsis of the forces of the respective parties: of St. Paul and Market-sts. No. 41.-VOL. 9.] AGRICULTURE. FARMING. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, DECEMBER 28, 1827. My own time and attention in directing the FARM CR. (The following, from the New England Farmer, will give to us Southrons, some "notion" of the ex-If the farm were subject to taxation, the four pense and products of a New England prize farm. lots which have been described, would Passing through that land of steady habits, one is probably be assessed about struck by the neatness and snug management that Labour on lot No. 4, characterizes their little farms of one and two hun-Manure made by the stock, dred acres; but you see no large fields or crops of any thing. You cannot help asking yourself-well, in the name of heaven, what do these good people make? What have they to sell? On what do they live? The fact is, that they make a little of every thing, and not much of any. Here we see, in the accounts of the prize farmer, for rye straw, three dollars! Now if a Roanoke farmer had but three dollars worth of rye straw, it is ten to one but he would leave it to be rooted and rotted in the stackyard, or burn his chimney with it, on some despe rate rainy day. It would be curious and instructive to see an account current of a southern farm, drawn up by a New England farmer. For example, the charges he would make for some of the following items: Cost of superannuated slaves-food, clothing, and doctor's bill, above the product of their labour. Ditto for young slaves. Uselessness and abuse of superfluous horses-the interest on the money they would sell for, the food they must consume, and the means of idleness they afford to young men and women, and the value of their hair, horns, and shoes, when dead. Provender of every kind wasted. Purchase of a thousand things which might be made in the family, or dispensed with. Time lost in lounging at country stores, or political meetings; tools in the hands of some demagogue of small calibre, who wants to be set down at Annapolis, or at Washington, as the great man of his hundred or district.] If as great improvements were made in agriculture as in the mechanic arts (and the present modes of cultivating the earth are undoubtedly susceptible of great improvement) the business of farmers would become, if it is not now, one of the most profitable that is pursued. There is no opinion more mistaken, we apprehend, than that which is very extensively entertained, that there is nothing to be learnt in agriculture. A knowledge of the nature of the different kinds of soil and manure, and the adaptation of the different products to them, are unquestionably as necessary for success to the farmer, as a knowledge of the fitness and relation of things to each other, are necessary in other branches of business. In illustration and proof of these observations, we make the extract below, shewing the yearly expense and income of a well cultivated farm of about forty acres. 321 18 40 needs no inspiration to divine the cause of this 10 00 seeming inconsistency. In the first case, great eco50 00 nomy is used, every thing is substituted which can be profitably, and not a straw is wasted. The reward of this care is a plenty of fodder during the winter. But when nature opens her hand more wide, and bestows her bounties with greater libe25 00 rality, there is too much inattention and carelessness 10 00 in feeding cattle-and the result is a comparative 25 00 scarcity at the end of the foddering season. Would it not be advisable, during seasons of great plenty, to use the same economy as in times of scarcity? Could not a large portion of surplus hay, straw, &c. be laid by for a time of need-for a scarce year, $441 12 The absences of the monthly labourers are put 14 ton oat straw, 19 bushels of rye, 9, 7, 6, 8, 80 bushels and 19 1-4ths of corn, ECONOMY IN FODDER. 27 50 20 13 22 47 2 50 405 00 45 00 35.00 86 40 14 90 and thus save much of the sacrifice which farmers have hitherto been compelled to make at such times? We think this would be good policy, and for this reason shall, from time to time, publish what we can collect from good sources relative to this subject. ECONOMICAL METHOD OF KEEPING HORSES. By Henry Sully, M. D. Having received innumerable letters from gentle6 00 men who keep horses, requesting a description of 19 50 my plan of feeding, I shall save much trouble to 3 00 others as well as myself, by laying my system be80 24 fore the public. Having pursued the plan above 40 50 seventeen years, I am enabled to appreciate its full 10 00 value, and, being perfectly satisfied of its superior 25 00 excellence, I hope to continue the same as long as 20 00 I keep horses. 15.00 Most people who know me will allow, that horses in my employ enjoy no sinecure places, and few $878 14 people can boast of their cattle being in better working condition or more capable of laborious undertakings, than mine. provender. The loft above my stable contains the machinery for cutting chaff and grinding corn. From this loft [We have, for a long time, believed that a great each horse has a tunnel of communication with the saving might be accomplished in the item of horse manger below, and a tub annexed to each tunnel feed, by substituting altogether cut, for long pro-in the loft for mixing the ingredients composing the vender. When Mr. Barnum was building his new range of fine stables, we recommended him to disThere should be no rack in the stable, because pense with racks entirely, and to have all his hay this may tempt the groom to fill it with hay, and cut; and we are convinced that it would have been thus by overloading the horse's stomach, endanger attended with a saving through the year of 25 per his wind, to say little of its expense and waste, cent. At that time we were not aware that the ex-for it is a well known fact, that if a horse has his periment had been systematically made on so consi- rack constantly replenished with hay, he consumes derable a scale, and its results so well attested, as and spoils upwards of 30 lbs. per day. we find they have been by Doctor Sully. The manger with which the tunnel communiOn large farms, where all operations are con-cates, should have cross-bars of firm oak, placed at ducted without any approach to regularity or pre- the distance of ten or twelve inches from each cision, it can scarcely be hoped that the system other, to prevent the horse from wasting his prohere recommended will be attempted; but on small vender in search of the grain it contains, and this farms, and in towns and villages, where many keep space between the cross-bars, allows the horse a horse and a cow, its advantages may be easily plenty of room to take his food. realized; and we should suppose that all owners of hacks, and lines of stages, who have to buy all their provender, would not hesitate to adopt the plan of The Agricultural Society of the county of Ply-cutting all their provender. Where horses are kept mouth offered a premium the last year of 50 dollars for the best cultivated farm in the county. There were two claimants for the premium, viz. Mr. Alpheus Forbes, of Bridgewater, (who is highly commended for his skill and industry in the management of his farm,) and the Rev. Morrill Allen, of Pembroke, to whom the premium was awarded. The following is a statement of the expenses and income of Mr. Allen's farm, which but a few years ago, it is stated, “yielded little else than briars and thorns." EXPENSE OF FARM. Seed used and manure purchased, merely as pleasure horses, one half, or, at most, two The chaff-cutter I make use of, is manufactured by Mr. Wilmott, a very ingenious mechanic, who resides about five miles from Taunton, on the road to Wiveliscombe. He also provides corn bruisers, of the best construction; and any person keeping three or four horses, will save the prime cost of his machinery the first year of his trial, and the horses ED. AM. FARMER.] themselves, thus fed, to use the language of horse From the NEW ENGLAND FARMERS' AND MECHANICKS' keepers, will always be above their work. JOURNAL-conducted by E. Holmes, M. D., Professor of When the provender is thoroughly mixed in the Chemistry, Natural History and Agriculture, in Gardi-tub, previously weighing out each ingredient, the ner Lyceum, Maine. mixture should be given in small quantities at a It may appear to many, somewhat useless to detime, many times in a day; and at night, enough is vote an article to this subject at the present time; thrown into the tunnel to last till morning. This a time when every barn is overflowing with hay and process will be found of very little trouble to the the market almost glutted with it. But it seems to groom, who will only have to go into the loft six or $26 30 us that farmers, as well as others, should learn wis- eight times a day. As the component parts of the dom from the experience of the past. It is almost provender are weighed separately for each horse, invariably the case that in years when hay is cut we are certain he has his just proportion; and I short and there is much alarm respecting the lack have hereunto annexed my scale of feeding in four of fodder, that the spring finds comparatively plen-classes, for it sometimes happens that some of the ty to spare. On the other hand, during years of ingredients cannot be procured, and at other times, great plenty, the reverse is too often the case. It that it may be better to substitute others; but, what The labour of a lad at $16, seven months, 75 00 112 00 34 42 ever grain is given, it should always be bruised, or coarsely ground, and carefully weighed out; for by weight alone, is it possible to judge of the quantity of farinaceous substances the horse consumes; it be ing well known that a peck of oats varies from seven to twelve pounds; consequently if the proven der were mixed by measure; there would be fre quently an uncertainty as to quantity. Wheat varies from sixteen to twelve; barley from thirteen to ten; peas from fifteen to seventeen; beans from fitteen to seventeen per peck. And as wheat, beans, peas, barley and oats, are equally good, and of very trifling difference in price when their specific gra vity is taken into consideration, I am equally indif ferent which grain I use; but I should always prefer boiled or steamed potatoes, for hard working horses, to be a component ingredient, whenever they can be procured. As I call all ground or bruised grain, of whatever description, farina, it will be 30 distinguished in the following SCALE.. Farina, consisting of bruised or ground peas, wheat, barley, or oats, Bren, fine or coarse pollard, Boiled or steamed potatoes, mashed in a tub with a wooden bruiser, Fresh grain, Class 1.,Class 2.\Class 3. Class 4. 5 lbs. 5 lbs. 10 lbs. 5 lbs 5 lbs 5 lbs nies; but we think the plan a very judicious one for market. With such peculiar advantages and with He would require during the year, 38 bush- Of wheat, weighing 64 lbs. per bushel, 34 Of hay, 14 ton, cost say, Wheat straw, the same quantity, cost, Per annum, $12.00 34.00 $64.70 "Roasting turnips on a Sabine farm," than engaged as heated partisans for this or that candidate, playing at cut and thrust in the political arena, for the amusement of the public:—[Amen!] New York, Nov. 26, 1827. Dear Sir,-When I was at your farm last summer, I observed a field of Lucern in luxuriant This will amount to a shilling a day; a very tri-growth, and of great promise. Your absence from fling recompense for a hard day's work. We know home prevented my learning the particulars of its of many horses that consume this amount in grain, culture, uses, and value. and then waste almost thirty pounds of hay besides. But we have noticed that horses thus fed, although fat and plump, cannot perform their duties with so much ease and apparent pleasure, as those fed in a manner similar to what is here recommended. If thirty pounds of provender will be sufficient for a horse that labours hard daily, twenty will suffice for one that works but seldom; and where there is plen2 lbs. ty of pasturing during the summer, the cost of keeping a horse will be comparatively small, and in 2 oz. 2 oz. 2 oz. 2 oz. stead of being one of the most expensive, he will By the above scale it will be seen, that each horse be as cheaply kept as any animal on the farm. has his 30 lbs. of provender, in 24 hours, which, I maintain, is full as much as he can eat. The two ounces of salt will be found an excellent stimulus to a horse's stomach, and should, on no account, be omitted. When a horse returns from labour, perhaps the groom will see the propriety of feeding bim from his tub more largely, in order that he may be the sooner satisfied and lie down to rest. Hay cut into chaff, Malt dust, or ground oil cake, Salt, We are happy to perceive by the subjoined correspondence, that the spirit of improvement in agriculture, cherished by the munificence of the gov ernment, and widely diffused through the medium Whenever oat straw can be procured, it is gene- of societies under its patronage, is not yet extinct, rally preferred; and some like to have it cut into though it seems to have slumbered for a year or chaff without threshing out the oats; but this is two, while public attention has been engrossed by a bad plan, for, in preparing a quantity of this canals, rail-roads, and other plans for promoting the chaff, unequal proportions of oats will be found in interest of the state. The former ought to have been each lot, so that one horse will have too large a done, and the latter not left undone. Agriculture portion, whilst others have less than they ought, al-must, for centuries, be the great source of wealth though the portions are accurately weighed. and prosperity in the United States. Commerce The only certain method, then, is to let the grain, and manufactures cannot flourish, if this paramount of whatever description, be weighed separately interest, whence they draw their life and activity, from its straw, and the keeper of cattle will soon be permitted to languish. We have always had satisfy himself that his cattle are in want of nothing full faith in the salutary influence of agricultural in the feeding line. Many people object to pota-societies; and it is with us a subject of deep regret, toes, and think them unfit for working horses; but, from many years' experience, I am enabled to recommend them as a constituent part of the 30 lbs: and am convinced that it is as wholesome and nu tritious a food as can be procured for labouring horses, which are called upon sudden emergencies to perform great tasks, as bas been abundantly proved by Mr. Curwen, M. P., who kept above one hundred horses on potatoes and straw, and always found that their labours were conducted better on this than on any other food. (See Curwen's Agricultural Hints, published in 1809.) Wiveliscombe, Somerset, Sept. 12, 1826. HENRY SULLY. [London Mech. Mag. It will be perceived that the above method of feeding horses, is well adapted to horses kept in livery stables which are let on short and severe jour *The English horse bean is probably here meant.-ED. This grass, I think, is not grown to any considerable extent in Great Britain or Ireland. In passing through those countries a few years ago, I do not recollect to have seen it at all. Perhaps the bumidity of the climate, the nature of the soil, and the strong growth of the other finer grasses, may account for its absence In France, however, I found it held in great esteem; it produced abundantly, allowing of four or five cuttings in a season, and was used in its green state for soiling cattle. Your experiments have, no doubt, been made with care. A detailed statement of them will be of service to our agricultural interests If you will oblige me by furnishing the statement, it will gratify me to be the medium of communicating it to the public. Yours, very respectfully, In 1824, I sowed sixteen pounds of seed on an acre, well prepared by manure and potatoes the preceding year, with half a bushel of winter rye, the whole broadcast. The ground was well harrowed and rolled after it was sown. The rye soon that the enthusiasm by which they were actuated a spread its leaves upon the surface, and protected few years since, has in any degree subsided. Brief the Lucern until its roots had good hold of the soil. as was "the full tide of successful experiment," and It grew well, notwithstanding the drought. The sudden as has been its reflux, it was like one of latter end of August, perceiving that some of the those inundations of the Nile which bring downrye was pushing up seed stalks, and that some fertility and plenty. The traces of the vivifying weeds were overtoping the grass, I mowed it, and and invigorating principle are visible over the whole fed it green to my cattle. In 1825, I cut three tolsurface of the state; and in many instances, waste erable crops, and soited it to my cows. In 1826, I places have been converted into productive farms. cut it four times for green fodder, and in the auLook, for example, at the rural retreats of the late tumn gave the field a slight top-dressing of rotChief Justice and his neighbour Judge Buel, whose ten dung. This year my stock has consisted of six fertile acres were reclaimed by the hand of perse- cows and four oxen. My summer pasture would vering industry. If such an impulse was communicated to agriculture by a few seasons of active ex ertions, what effects might not be produced by systematic and continued efforts, such as are made in Great Britain and some parts of our own country? We have all the elements of one of the richest agricultural countries in the world, with every possible facility of transporting produce to a ready *The botanical name of this plant is medicago sativa. It is a native of Spain and the south of Europe. It grows to the height of from one to two feet, and the flower is of a pale bluish purple. made use of in this correspondence, may not be familiar The term "soiling," to all our readers. It is applied to the feeding of cattle confined in narrow inclosures, not affording suffi cient pasturage.-Editor. |