No. 40.-VOL. 9. AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, DECEMBER 21, 1827. AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. MR. SKINNER, 313 they are to hold themselves above the drudgery of ty for either table or stock; (I also planted a row of Having observed that the columns of your very It is wholly a mistake, when it is supposed that It is the fashion of the day to laugh at giving a farmer scientific knowledge! The time was when it was equally a subject of derision to suppose that a mere mechanic ought to have science; but the genius of such men as the Arkwrights and the Ful tons have long since exploded this absurdity; and think, sir, to go no farther, the American Farmer fast exploding the like absurdity in reference to the farmer. is DEAR SIR, PUMPKINS. A MARYLANDer. Hinson's Haven, Kent county, Md. October 6, 1827. Apprehending that it might be useful to the agri cultural interest to be made acquainted with the uncommon production of a small piece of ground planted with pumpkins this season, which you are at liberty to publish in your useful paper if you see proper. The facts herein stated could be attested by several of my most respectable neighbours. I Yours, respectfully, JACOB B. GARBER. URINE, OR LIQUID MANURE. Sycamore Farm, Lancaster county, Pa., J. 6. SKINNER, ESQ. Dec. 8, 1827. Through the medium of your valuable journal, would beg leave to inquire what would be the most practical method of distributing or nanuring land with urine, or liquid manure. If there is any method practiced to that effect by any of the correspondents of the Farmer, I would be much benefited by an exposition of the most simple method of carrying it to the fields over an uneven surface, and of the manner of distributing it evenly over the field most expeditiously. The manure will be pumped out of a reservoir into which it is collected. The desired information will not only be of lasting benefit to myself, but will be of practical utility to every farmer, and will be the means of making two spears of grass grow where but one grew before. E. B. [A hogshead, on low wheels, letting the liquid manure into a trough at the rear of the cask, with holes in the bottom of it, as the streets are watered in New York, we should suppose would be the simplest method, nevertheless a particular description of the best plan, founded on trial and experience, would be acceptable.] COTTON. It is painful to see that the fashion in this state. among farmers and others, is to give their most pro- I prepared a small piece of ground by several mising sons a smattering of the languages, and then ploughings, and planted the pumpkin seed on the the profession of law or physic! Lawyers and 10th day of May, in hills eight feet apart, manured doctors are therefore becoming so abundant, that in the hill with old well rotted hog manure; the The manufacture of this article, itself one of the they will very soon have to sue and bleed each plants were kept clear of weeds, and the ground staple products of our soil, has been greatly extendother, to have subjects to work on. A fashion kept loose about them. On gathering the crop, I ed in the United States within a few years; and among our people, which thus throws out annually counted 1076 sound pumpkins; on weighing two now, probably, embraces more capital and gives a mass of young men, till all our cross road places of the largest and two of the smallest, I found them employment to more persons, than any one other are overstocked with them; who possess nei her to average 20 lbs. which induced me to carefully branch of industry, excepting agriculture. Consithe education nor the funds (most of them,) to ena measure the ground with chain and compass, and it dering that our country has numbered only the fifty ble them to wade through the deep research of the contained fifty-eight and an half perches-making first year of her independence, the progress made learned professions, and who are taught to believe 58,858 lbs. per acre, and were of an excellent quali- in this manufacture, as also in others not yet No. 40.-VOL. 9. Interest on this sum per annum, Total, $12 32 $44 $200 4th. The superior mildness of the climate, not only facilitates the operation of the spindle and the loom, but arrests the hand of winter, which binds the Northern water power in fetters of ice. brought to the same degree of perfection, is indeed as much yarn as two hundred could have done sixty 2d. The superior cheapness of slave labour is wonderful. But more wonderful has been the pro-years ago. The entire value of all the cotton goods also evident, to any one who will reflect, that the gress made in this manufacture in Great Britain, manufactured in Great Britain in 1760, was esti- price of a boy, or a girl, sufficiently large to draw and still more important its consequences to that mated at 200,000l. a year, and the amount of these the thread, can be procured in Maryland, Virginia, kingdom. manufactures in 1827, is computed at the vast sum or Kentucky, for It is but little more than half a century since the of thirty-six millions sterling. The present average British cotton manufacture, which now gives em import of raw cotton (exports deducted) is estimaployment to millions of capital and thousands of ted at one hundred and forty millions of pounds operatives, supplying bread to a large portion of weight, of which one hundred and thirty millions the population, was in its infancy. This branch of are manufactured. Deducting the cost of the cot manufacture was first began in England, early in ton from the value of the manufactured goods, the seventeenth century, the precise year not being there remains 27,000.000l. sterling, (no small part The same hand in New-England, would cost the known; and the town of Manchester is first spoken of which has been paid by the United States,) proprietor of the cotton factory, per year, $125. of in connection with it. Down to 1773, it was from which fund are defrayed the expenses of man- This is a most important difference in favour of spun and used only as weft or filling, linen thread ufacturing; the surplus being the profits of the cap- the south; but, in addition to this, the slave will be being used as warp, which was brought from Ger- italists. Fifteen millions of this sum, it is compu-yearly increasing in value, without any increase of many and Ireland. The system was that of domes-ted, are paid to the 705,000 operatives directly em the price of maintaining him; so will the Northern tic manufacture, the cotton being carded, spun and ployed in the different departments of the manufac- hand increase in value; but his wages must also inwove by different members of the same family. ture; while, directly and indirectly, this branch of crease. In weaving narrow cloth, the shuttle was thrown manufacture is judged to furnish subsistence for 3d. There will be no turning out for higher wafrom hand to hand, and in weaving the wide, a per- from one million to one million one hundred thou-ges in the South, and the consequent loss and deson stood on each side the loom to throw the shut- sand persons. lay-no abandonment of the factory by any of the tle. This practice was continued till 1738, when a From the latest custom-house returns, it appears hands-no fluctuation in the labour. The water simple contrivance for that purpose, called a a pick- that the export of cotton goods and yarn amount to power will scarcely be more steady than the slave ing peg, was invented. The export of cotton stuffs about 17,000,000l. a year, and form about two-power. from England commenced in 1760, by which the thirds of the total value of all the wove fabrics exdemand for the yarns, and consequently the prices ported from Great Britain. The vast extension of of spinning, were greatly enhanced. This led to the cotton manufacture has produced, in those disgreat and successive improvements in the process tricts where it has been chiefly carried on, a corres of carding and spinning, by means of which the ponding increase to the population. Thus Man- 5th. We have the cotton at our doors; this is immanufacture was much facilitated. The most suc-chester and Liverpool have nearly quadrupled their portant, as the expense of sending off the raw macessful, among the early inventions for spinning population in half a century. The raw material terial thousands of miles, and bringing back the was, the spinning frame, by Sir Richard Arkwright, for this important manufacture, previous to the manufactured article, in cotton bagging, ropes, &c., who was the youngest of thirteen children, and American revolution, was obtained chiefly from the would be very considerable. bred to the trade of a barber. He became after- West Indies and the Levant; but of late years the Why, then, should we hesitate? Almost every wards an itinerant hair merchant, in which business supply has been drawn, in a greater proportion part of the South is abundantly supplied with nevhe accumulated a little property. The steps by than one half, from the United States. The forego-er-failing, and never-freezing water power, in Tenwhich he was led to the invention of the spinning ing statement we have compiled principally from a nessee and Virginia, especially, the best in the frame, are not known; but it is stated, on his own long but interesting article in the last number of union. Why should these beautiful streams, inviauthority, that he derived the first hint of spinning the Edinburgh Review. [Boston Patriot. ting the hand of industry, be permitted to roll byby rollers, from seeing a red hot iron bar elongated, by being made to pass between rollers. In the preparation of the parts of the machinery, not being himself a mechanic, he was assisted by John Kay, a watchmaker. In the first factory built for the use of these frames, the spinning was done by horse-power; but this proving too expensive, a second was built, and operated by a water-wheel. The originality of this invention was contested in behalf of a Mr. Highs, whose claim appears not to have been sustained. Mr. Arkwright was High Sheriff of Derbyshire, and in 1786 was knighted. The spinning frame was well fitted for warp, but for the filling or weft, Hargrave's jenny was used It seems to be generally agreed among the inteltill 1775, when it was displaced by the mule jenny ligent farmers in this country, that sheep are the of Samuel Crompton, which latter was so near most profitable stock a farmer can keep; and the perfection, that in 1792, no fewer than 278 hanks The capacity of the Southern states for manu- prevalence of this opinion among the Dutchess counof yarn, forming a thread upwards of 132 miles in facturing their great staple, is no longer a matter of ty farmers has induced them to increase their flocks, length, was spun with one of them by John Pollard speculation. Practical experiment has demonstra until they probably exceed in number the sheep to of Manchester, from a single pound of raw cotton ted, not only their capacity to manufacture, but to be found in any other district of the same extent in Mr. Crompton took out no patent for his invention, manufacture their own staple at a cheaper rate the United States. Mr. Everett, of Boston, during but in 1812, he applied to Parliament and received than in any part of the union. Last February a the last session of congress, in his speech on the 5,000l. as a reward for an invention by which the year, I accompanied a most intelligent Tennessee woollens bill, estimated the whole number of sheep country was enriched. The subsequent application planter from Pittsburg to Nashville, a Mr. Nightin in the United States at 13,000,000. At the last cenof Watt's steam-engine, to operate the jennies, gale, formerly of Rhode island. He was then ta-sus the returns of sheep in this county amounted to seemed to be the grand desideratum in the spin-king with him a foreman from Providence, Rhode a fraction short of 350,000. It is estimated, by those ning of cotton as the factories could be set up in island, to superintend his cotton factory. This best acquainted with the subject that the increase any convenient location. In 1787, Mr. Cartwright, factory is located in Maury county, Tennessee. since that period has swelled the number to at least a clergyman, patented his power looms, all the The machinery is propelled by a never-failing, and 450,000. It will thus appear, that Dutchess county, movements of which were by machinery. No less never-freezing water power. The entire labour is embracing a territory less than thirty by forty miles than 45,000 of these looms are estimated to be em- performed by slaves. Mr. Nightingale now sup-in extent, owns one twenty-ninth part of all the ployed in Great Britain in the spinning of cotton plies a large portion of Tennessee and North Ala-sheep in the United States. only, about 8,000 of which are supposed to be in bama with coarse cotton goods. His profits upon Nor are the flocks of Dutchess less distinguished Scotland; and, it is thought probable, that but little his capital are said to be quadruple the profits of for the fineness of their fleeces than for the largeness time will elapse before weaving by machinery will the cotton grower. What, then, but enterprise, is of their numbers. In no part of the United States, entirely supersede hand-weaving. wanting to introduce the manufacture of cotton, we venture to say, has more care been taken to oblargely, into the Southern states, from Maryland to tain the best sheep and insure the finest wool; nor Louisiana-for the following reasons: do we believe there is any section of the union in which better wool is grown. In evidence of the effect of the improvement made in spinning, it is stated that in 1786, yarn which brought 38s. has since fallen to 3 or 4s. By these improvements, one person can now produce MANUFACTURE OF COTTON IN THE COTTON RECOMMENDED AS THE MATERIAL FOR TON BAGGING, CORDAGE, &c.-No. XII. "Wasting their (power) on the desert air." If the slaves of Kentucky are found, by experience, to be the best and cheapest operatives in COT-hemp factories, why not in the cotton factories also? The Northern, as well as the Southern philanthropist, will also repeat, that it would be a real mercy to the slave-for the labour in a cotton factory is infinitely more easy than in a cotton field. At a meeting of the citizens of the town of New Baltimore, in Fauquier county, Va., held on the 7th instant, it was determined to establish a manufactory of cotton, wool, and flax, in that town. A petition is accordingly to be presented to the next General Assembly, for an act of incorporation. Manufactures in the South. 1st. The capacity of the slave to manufacture, is demonstrated by the test of practical experiment. MISSISSIPPI. (From the Poughkeepsie Journal.) Persons who have paid most attention to the sub ject, and are therefore best qualified to judge cor rectly, are of opinion, that the wol grown in Dutchess county the past year besides what is manufac tured in the families of the growers, is not less than 500,000 pounds, and that the average price may be set down at 40 cents. This will give the round sum of $200.000 for the fleeces only, after deducting factures, which probably amounts to more than half as much more. If to this be added another 100,000 dollars for the sales of store and fatted sheep and lambs, it presents a very imposing sum, as the an nual proceeds of sheep in the county. Until within the last ten years, the wool annually grown in Dutchess did not, we presume exceed the annual consumption of its inhabitants for household manufactures. Since that time the increase of sheep has been very rapid, and if the value of this description of stock is fully understood and duly appreciated, they will continue to increase more rapidly than they have hitherto done. what is consumed in the various household manu AGRICULTURE. St. Lawrence county against the State. amidst confusion, and presents to his children an example of negligence the most unpardonable. Can he wonder if they follow this example? They will go further.-In their very partialities, they will have county, who has had a harvest this year of more a vicious preference for what just taste, good sense than six hundred acres of produce. The following and sound economy condemn. They will regard Wheat; 100 acres of Rye; 80 acres of corn; 50 acres like to abandon the paths of virtue and morality. are some of the items.-upwards of 200 acres of with less respect the decencies of life, and be niore of Potatoes; 60 acres of Oats; 30 Peas; together There is much meaning in the old adage, and the with Barley, &c. &c. The number of men employ- observance of which, let me urge as a remedy for ed was thirty; all the grain was very fine and well every degree of the evil I advert to "Have a place secured. This same farmer has 100 horses which for every thing, and keep every thing in its place." he is raising for market. In the language of a venerated man, now gone to a better world There are several farmers at the west who keep more stock and cattle and cut more bay; but we doubt whether there are any who can boast of a greater harvest of grain.—St. Law. Gaz. INTERESTING TABLE. Mr Editor-The following is taken from a late English paper, with the exceptions of the prices in and are believed to be correct. The statement is currency. PIKE. What has been the effect of this large increase of sheep upon the other farming interests of the county? Has the quantity of grain, of butter and cheese. or of beef and pork, annually sent to market from this county, decreased in consequence of the large Prices of Wheat per bushel of 60 lbs. in various increase of sheep? Not so. On the contrary, we are assured by those who have made it a subject of parts of the world, in May and June, 1827. inquiry, that the quantity of grain has increased, and we have little doubt, that the other items would be found on inquiry, to have increased also. What then is the inference? Why, surely, that the county gains annually about 300,000 dollars, in consequence of its zealous attention to increasing the numbers and improving the quality of its sheep. In proof of the substantial correctness of this view of the subject, we will descend from general estimates to particular cases, which have come to our knowledge.-A farm in this town of about 300 acres bad been managed till within the last few years without sheep. A few years since 500 sheep were put on it. The same farmer has continued to manage it, and he now admits that he can keep the sheep and raise as much grain yearly, as he could before the sheep were put on. The whole product of the sheep then, consisting of their wool and lambs, after allowing for the interest on their cost, and the trouble of taking care of them, is clear profit. but one of many instances, we could mention. 'This is Those who have not considered the subject will doubtless be at a loss to understand all this. The explanation may be found in the tendency of sheep to enrich the soil, by the manure which they scat ter over the ground, and which in a few years restores the most worn out and barren fields to a high state of fertility. TALL CORN. AMERICA. Norfolk, Va. May.-$1 16 cents. 90 50 44 NEATNESS. Let order o'er your time preside, FACTS. A single mercantile house on Long wharf, has sold, since the 1st of January last, thirty seven hundred barrels of Genesee flour; of which less than 300 barrels have been disposed of coastwise; the remainder has been sold to country traders and chiefly those in the manufacturing villages. Another house has paid, since the first of April, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for American wool, purchased of farmers and wool growers belonging to the New England states and New York, and sold out again to the manufacturers of New England. The Boston and Canton Factory company imported, during five months preceding the first of May last, une million pounds of Smyrna wool; all of which is used at its own factory, in the manufacture of what is called negro cloths. Is it possible that our manufacturing establishments can be detrimental to commerce and agricul ture, when a single establishment imports wool enough in five months to freight three or four ships (to say nothing of the articles necessarily used in the manufacture of the wool?) when a single dealer in American wool pays, in the same time to the farmers 150,000 dollars? and another individual receives from another portion of farmers and sells off the country flour enough to makes its first owners rich, if not independent? [Boston Cour. CATTLE. At the late Cattle Show at Washington, in this state, some of the cattle exhibited were weighed, Extract from an Address before the Hartford County and their weight shows no trifling improvement in Arricultural Society, by the Rev. C. A. Good-the breed of cattle in that quarter. A bull calf, rih. nine months old, weighed 784 lbs.; another, six months old, 700, and many others nearly equal to this. A heifer, two and a half years old, 1232; a bull, 1988; a cow, 1498. All the specimens given were, with the exception of one bull and some oxen, of the improved short-horn breed. The Morgan, (Ohio) Sentinel contains the follow A short time ing notice of a plantation of corn. since on the head waters of Duck Creek, in this county, we had our curiosity considerably enlivened, by seeing a man on horseback, topping corn. Wih little more than an allusion to another subject, The corn, notwithstanding the dryness of the sea-I wil relieve your patience--I mean the want of atten son, had grown quite beyond the reach of the tall-tion to neatness and order about many of our farm est men among us, when standing on the ground house. The stalks were generally from seven to nine feet high, and unusually large. Another striking evi dence of the fertility of our lands, is an inoculated peach tree, of but two years growth, which measures more than five inches in diameter, and has branches proportionably large. WINTER FOOD FOR COWS. M. Chabot, the dictator of the veterinary school at Alfort, had a number of cows which yielded twelve gallons of milk every day. In his publicaLast week, nine hogs were brought to Mr. Sam- Leus look to this point then. Neatness and or tion on the subject, he observes, that cows fed in uel Yardley's store in this place, which weighed der ae enjoined not only by economy, but by com-winter upon dry substances, give less milk than 4091 pounds, three of which weighed upwards of fort. Every slovenly farmer resigns one of the choic- those which are kept upon a green diet, and also 500 pounds, the largest weighed 534, and the smallest peasures within his reach, that of seeing his that their milk loses much of its quality. He pubest 350 pounds, they were fed by Messrs. Merns of house and home surrounded by the marks of neat lished the following receipt, by the use of hich Warrington township. [Doylstown Intel. ness, idustry, and taste. He brings up his family his cows afforded him an equal quantity and quality POTATOES. of milk during the winter as during the summer. in bringing forward improvements in agriculture, the tassel flower tree. Each of its flowers is com Take a bushel of potatoes, break them whilst raw, and particularly the wools of the colony. 175,000 posed of numerous scarlet florets, with bright yelplace them in a barrel standing up, putting in suc-acres of land on this side of the mountains are to be low stamens projecting beyond the petals, and which cessively a layer of potatoes and a layer of bran, measured forthwith, and appropriated as a glebe to give to the outer part of the flower the appearance and a small quantity of yeast in the middle of the the Australian church. This quantity is indepen- of fringe, and these florets are so closely set, that mass, which is to be left thus to ferment during the dent of the grant, for the like use, over the moun- the whole united appear like one large full double whole week, and when the vinous taste has perva-tains. 500,000 acres also, at Van Dieman's Land. flower. The tout ensemble is both unique and magded the whole mixture, it is then given to cows, are destined to become the property of the church.nificent This plant has been generally sold in Euwho eat it greedily. [N. E. Farmer. An order was made by Sir Thomas Brisbane, pre rope at the price of ten guineas; and the present vious to his departure, for the appropriation of one was sent me as a favour, at about half that sum. 20,000 acres of land to the Wesleyan Missionaries, I am not aware that any other person in our counwho are employed in the conversion of the abori try has gone to the expense of importing this rare ginal natives of this country. In mentioning the plant, and as at a future day, the period at which improvement of these distant colonies, we should different species are introduced, may probably be undoubtedly notice the advance in politeness. The considered a subject of interest, I deem a notice of Van Dieman's Land paper states, that the female this worthy of record. I have also in my collection convicts lately landed, "are quite of a superior the Cheirostemon platanoides, or Hand flower tree class of society," and pass many compliments on of Mexico, and the Crinum amabile of the East Intheir personal appearance and accomplishments. Idies. The flowers of the former have long been [Brit. Farm. Chron. an object of such notoriety, that they have been sent throughout the world preserved in bottles of alcohol, and have formed appendages to the museums, &c.; and the flowers of the latter are of such great beauty, that it is considered to surpass almost every other species of the bulbous class. Yours, most respectfully, We recommend, from experience, the following directions for gathering and preserving potatoes, to all who desire to have them good. There is another plan, however, which might be practised on a small scale, to have a few prime ones for family use in the spring, and that is, not to gather the potatoes in the fall, but to let them remain in the ground during the winter. If the patch be not flooded with water, and the potatoes have been planted a moderate depth, (for deep planting is always found to produce the sweetest potatoes) a few inches additional EXTRAORDINARY INCREASE OF A SINGLE POTATOE. earth, or an equivalent of litter spread over the In 1825, a farmer at Ticehurst, Sussex, grew a rows, will protect them from the frost. Then take potatoe that weighed five pounds and a half. At them up early in the spring before vegetation com the proper season of the following year, the said mences, and they will be found to possess, in an potatoe was planted, and its produce, on being careeminent degree, the sweet freshness of new pota-fully dug up, measured four bushels and a half.—ib. toes. Another method.-In order to prevent fermenta. tion, and to preserve them from losing the original fine and pleasant flavour, my plan is, (and which experience proves to me to have the desired effect,) to have them packed in casks as they are digging from the ground, and to have the casks, when the potatoes are piled in them, filled up with sand or earth, taking care that it is done as speedily as possible, and that all spaces in the cask of potatoes are filled up with earth or sand; the cask thus packed holds as many potatoes as it would, were no earth or sand used; and as the air is totally exclu ded, it cannot act on the potatoes, and consequent ly no fermentation can take place. [Penn. Gazette. GRASS BANKS. When the Belgians, who have little access to turf, wish steep banks to be covered with grass, they first form them of earth, made into a sort of stiff mortar, and cut to the requisite slope, and then cover the surface with rich soil, mixed up into a plaister with water and grass seeds, which soon spring up and cover the whole with verdure. ONIONS. WM. PRINCE. West Indies, 67,620 Boston, 59.000 Kenneboo, 8.000 Nantucket, 10,500 Charleston, 6,000 Wickford, 4,000 Wilmington, 4.300 New Orleans, 18.320 Dennis, 8.000 East Greenwich, 8,160 Fall River, 1,000 Newport, CHEAP AND EFFICACIOUS MANURE. To give some idea of the extent of agricultural operations in England, and the amount of capital employed, Sir John Sinclair, in his Improved Husbandry of Scotland, states, that one individual in Norfolk, who occupies a light land farm of 1,500 acres, had at one time a compost heap for turnips, that cost him 900l. sterling, equal to $4,000. That J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. exertion, however, he continues, is surpassed by Mr. Walker, of Mellendean, in Rocksburgshire, who, in one year, limed 304 English acres, at no less an expense than 2,5521. 10s, sterling, equal to $11,344 44. Three large Bulls, of the celebrated short-horn breed, have arrived here in the ship Mentor, from Philadelphia. We understand they were procured by John Hare Powel, Esq., for the South Carolina Agricultural Society, and with the laudable view of improving the breed of cattle in this state. [Charleston Courier. NEW SOUTH WALES. The cultivation of sugar appears to make a rapid progress in this colony. Two vessels laden with sugars of the new crop, sailed for England in June last. Mr. John Macarthur has been indefatigable a Sir, I wish to announce through your paper the flowering of one of the most rare and spendid plants known-the Astrapaa Wallichi, or Wdlich's splendid Astrapea. This species is a native ofMauritius and has but recently been brought into mtice; it is of the class Monadelphia, order Dodecandria. The leaves are of very large size. and on my plant; which being yet young, is but 2 feet high, they measure ten inches in diameter, and are of early circular form. The flowers are produced a long pendant peduncles, which hang with a gaceful curve from the axils of the leaves. The bud, previous to expansion, resemble those of the common holyhock, except that they are much larger. The flower, when open, has exactly the form of atassel. such as is usually suspended to window crtains, and the long peduncle which supports it, lears a striking resemblance to the cord which is atached to a tassel-in fact, the similarity is so great that think the plant might most appropriately betermed I INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. RAIL ROAD TO THE LAKES. "By the following it will be perceived," says the Baltimore Patriot, "that the subject of Rail Roads is beginning to attract attention in the interior of New York, and that there is a prospect of a rail road communication being opened from the Susquehanna to the Lakes of that state. This will be almost as beneficial to Baltimore as to the people immediately on the route, as it will be the means of adding very considerably to our Susquehanna trade." "On the subject of the proposed Rail Road, the Owego, N. York Gazette says, 'A more important subject, in relation to Internal Improvements, cannot be brought before the Legislature of this State; and when it is taken into consideration the comparative saving in expense over that of a canal, together with the fact that it will not only preclude the necessity of a canal from the Lakes to the Susquehanna, but be altogether more for the interests of this section of country than a Canal, inasmuch as the former could be used at all seasons of the year, while the latter would be locked up by ice at the very season when transportation would be most needed; and when in addition to these considerations, the feasibility of the project, the excellence of the route, (being almost a dead level to within five miles of Ithica,) together with the proximity to the route of the necessary materials for the construction of the road; when all these circumstances are taken into view, we cannot but believe that the legislature will at once see the policy of taking the project under its patronage. The subject of Rail Roads, although of recent introduction in this country, is beginning to engross much of public attention, and their preference over Canals, taking into consideration the difference in the expense of constructing, and keeping in repair, is becoming pretty generally acknowledged."" RAIL ROAD MEETING IN NEW-YORK. At a meeting of the committees, appointed by the citizens of Tioga and Tompkins counties, in the state of New-York, on the subject of a RAIL ROAD, from the Cayuga lake, at the village of Ithica, to the Susquehanna river, at the village of Owego, held at the house of Philip Goodman, in the village of Owego, on the 20th day of November, 1827, James Pumpelly was chosen chairman, and Charles Humphrey secretary. The following resolutions were unanimously adopted: if, instead of saying any thing to him at the time, With children, a vigilant superintendence is re- We should, therefore, be very lenient to those Children must, and should be, children still, and it is our duty to sympathize with them as such; to impose upon them no unnecessary restraint, to grant them every harmless gratification, and, as far as possible, to promote their truest enjoyment, remembering, that although the day is often cloudy, yet it is mercifully ordered, that the dawn of life should be bright and happy, unless by mismanagement, it be rendered otherwise. It may, at first sight, appear inconsistent with what has been just said, strongly to recommend Resolved, That it is expedient to petition the le-that the will be effectually subjected in very early gislature, at its next session, for an act of incorpo-childhood. This object must be obtained, if we ration of a company, with a capital stock of one would proceed in the business of education with hundred and fifty thousand dollars, to construct a comfort, or insure the welfare and happiness of our Ra Road from the Cayuga lake, at the town of children. A portion of stricter discipline may, for Ithica, to the Susquehanna river, at the village of Owego, and that Andrew D. W. Bruyn, Ebenezer Mack, Charles Humphrey, John R. Drake, John H. Avery, and Eleazer Dana, be a committee to prepare a memorial, and to take the necessary mea sures for carrying this resolution into effect. tricks are an example: "My dear, don't bite your nails," may be repeated a dozen times in the course of a lesson; but such is the force of habit, that the hand still, involuntarily finds its way to the mouth. If we are determined to overcome the propensity, it must be done by some external restraint, as by fastening the hand in a glove, &c.; not by commands, which, as they cannot be obeyed, serve only to impair the habit of ready obedience. It is the part of wisdom, as far as possible, so to exercise authority, that it should be considered as inviolable, never to be disobeyed or contemned with impunity. The restraint of the tongue, which has before been mentioned as necessary to those who educate, is one of the most important habits to be enforced also upon children themselves, and is a great security to proper submission under authority; forming no small part of that self subjection, which is essential to true discipline. Impertinent and disrespectful language is not to be allowed; for this, once admitted, is the certain harbinger of actual insubordination, and a train of other evils. SPORTING OLIO. AMERICAN ECLIPSE. A LADY'S TOILETTE. Essential requisites for a lady's toilette, humbly Benevolence. Best white paint-Innocence. A mixrecommended to fair readers:-A fine eye-waterture, giving sweetness to the voice-Mildness and Best rouge-Modesty. Pair of most valuable earTruth. A wash to prevent wrinkles-Contentment. a time, be required; but discipline, be it ever re-humour. A lip salve-Cheerfulness. rings-Attention. An universal beautifier-Good membered, is perfectly compatible with the tenderest sympathy and the most affectionate kindness. Mauy persons who allow themselves to treat children, during their earliest years, merely as playthings, humouring their caprices, and sacrificing, to present fancies, their future welfare, when the charm of infancy is past, commence a system of restraint and severity; and betray displeasure and irritability at the very defects, of which they themselves have laid the foundation. But if authority has been tho roughly established in the beginning of life, we shall have it more in our power to grant liberty and in dulgence, and to exercise a genial influence over our children, when their feelings are ripening, and when their affection and confidence toward their parents are of increasing importance. Amidst the various objects of education, the cultivation of confidential habits is too often overlooked even by af fectionate and attentive parents. They are, perhaps, obeyed, respected, and beloved; but this is (From Hints for the Improvement of early Education not sufficient. If, in addition, a parent can be to Resolved, That Ebenezer Mack, Francis A. Bloodgood, and Levi Leonard, of Ithica, and John R. Drake, Stephen B. Leonard, James Pumpelly, and John H. Avery, of Owego, be a general corresponding committee on the subject, Resolved, That the proceedings be signed by the chairman and secretary, and published in the papers of the village of Ithica and Owego, and that the secretary transmit copies to Harrisburg and Baltimore. JAMES PUMPELLY, Chairman. CHARLES HUMPHREY, Secretary. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. and Nursery Discipline.) AUTHORITY AND OBEDIENCE. (Concluded from p. 309.) ber children the familiar friend, the unreserved con- It will be seen by an advertisement in to-day's paper, that Eclipse is to be stationed for the ensuing season at Richmond, in Virginia. It is to be regretted, that an animal so valuable to the breeders of horses, and particularly of blooded horses, should be placed beyond the reach of our northern farmers; and the more especially, as the climate and pasturage of the states of New-York, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania, are peculiarly adapted to the rearing of fine horses. Should the stock of Eclipse prove as valuable to the southern, as the produce of his grandsire, Messenger, was to the northern states, they will have good cause to remember him. A colt of Eclipse, a year old last July, was sold a few days ago, by a farmer on the island, for one thousand dollars. ECLISPE. Notice is hereby given that American Eclipse will stand for the ensuing season, in the neighbourhood of Richmond, Virginia. He will be at his stand on or before the first of January next. This early notice is given, that gentlemen living at a distance, may have an opportunity of sending their mares to foal in the vicinity of the horse. He will stand at fifty dollars the season, payable in advance. The charge is reduced, and made payable For example: a child gives way to temper and passionate crying at his morning dressing; the nurse It is important, in the management of children, prolongs the evil and adds to the noise, by her up to make but few rules, and to be unalterably firm braidings and persuasions, which, at the moment of in enforcing those which are made-to give no irritation, of course, avail nothing. She had better needless commands but to see that those given are be silent at the time, calmly pursuing her usual strictly obeyed We should also be cautious of in advance, from the difficulties and delays attendcourse; and at breakfast, should her mistress ap- employing authority on occasions in which it is ing the collection of small sums, scattered over a prove it, the offender may be deprived if some lit-likely to be exerted in vain; or of commanding country several hundred miles in extent. The pertle indulgence which the other children are enjoy what we cannot enforce. If, for example, we deformances of Eclipse are too well known to render ing. Only let her take care to do this with kind-sire a child to bring a book, and he refuse, we can ness, explaining the reason of her condict, but not clasp the book in his hand, and oblige him to deli- form, and pedigree, he is excelled by no horse. a mention of them necessary. For perfection of upbraiding him with his fault; assuringhim of the ver it. But if we have imprudently declared that His sire was Duroc; his dam, Miller's Damsel, by pain it gives her to deprive him of an gratifica- he shall not dine or walk till he has repeated a Messenger; his granddam the English mare Put8os, tion, and of the pleasure she will feel, it bestowing poem, or spoken a particular sentence, should he imported at three years old in 1795 Pot8os' sire was the same upon him, when his behavior shall dea horse of the same name, sired by the celebrated serve it. This mode of proceeding will effect more, English Eclipse; his great granddam by Gimcrack; than an abundant repetition of mere dmonitions Gimcrack by Cripple; and Cripple by the Arabian and rebukes. of Lord Godolphin. Lance and Ariel are the only thorough bred colts, of Eclipse's get, old enough to train. Their speed and endurance, together with the symmetry, strength, and action of his colts So, also, if a child behave unusually well, or ob tain some victory over himself, encouragement will leave a more beneficial and more lasting mpression, choose to resist, we cannot compel him; and this submit. There are cases in which children, without any ill intention, are unable to obey; and in these, also, they should not be commanded. Of this, personal |