INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAIL ROAD. MEMORIAL To the President and Directors of the Baltimore and Ohio the Atlantic from the western waters." If the route ton. Rail Road Company. - (NOTE D.) The Committee, perhaps, had not their views di we venture to suggest some of the reasons which inrected to the passes south of the Potomac, as they duce the belief in our minds, that her objects will speak of the one to which their views were direct-be greatly promoted by adopting the line of inter ed, as the "easiest, and by far the most practicable course which we have described. route through the ridges of mountains which divide which we have described, is to be regarded as in Extract from a report of M. Crozet, principal Engineer of cluded in the contrast, we think the surveys to Virginia, to the Board of Public Works, dated 19th Fewhich we have referred, compared with the reports bruary, 1826. From Covington, on Jackson's river, to Staunton, of the engineers employed in locating the line of "Route by Covington to Staunton-keeps along situated on a branch of the Shenandoah, the dis- the contemplated Chesapeake and Ohio canal, would the turnpike from Callaghan's to the town, a distance is about seventy-seven miles. The different be decisive of the question: and as additional pre-tance of a little upwards of five miles; from Covingroutes by which a rail-road may be conducted be-liminary evidence, we beg leave to refer to the ex- ton it passes for twelve miles through a complete tween these points, have all been surveyed with a aminations made between James and Kanawha ri-wilderness. Starting from the court house, the route view to a turnpike, by Claudius Crozet, Esq., the vers, by Captain McNiel, under the directions of surveyed strikes a swell of ground opposite to this principal civil engineer of Virginia; and we beg the department of war, and which, we think, will building, and thereby avoids the low spungy soil leave to refer you to his report, made to the Board fully corroborate our representations, so far as the by which the town is surrounded, and which makes of Public Works, on the 10th of February, 1826. (D.) line which we propose has been within his observa- the present road very deep in wet weather. In sight We regret that his instructions did not include the tion. of Covington, the extreme end of the Warm Spring levelling, as well as surveying of the lines which he How far the difference of distance may be com- mountain, whose elevation there is very inconsiexamined; but the company will perceive, and per-pensated by the diminished number of stationary derable, is ascended at an angle of three degrees; haps not without surprise, that in so mountainous a engines, and inclined planes, we have no satisfac-after this short ascent, the line keeps nearly on a district, leading vallies should be found so nearly tory means of deciding: but we anticipate, from ac-level along the declivity of the hills, and soon reachlevel in their natural state; and from the description tual examination, as favourable a contrast in this es the Pounding mill run, up the valley of which it given of them by Mr. Crozet, as well as from the particular, as may be against us when distance alone proceeds until it ascends the gradual slope of the knowledge which some of us have acquired of these is compared. If, however, the length of the rail- dividing ridge, between the waters of the run just vallies, we anticipate no peculiar difficulties to the way should be considered seriously objectionable, named and Smith's mill creek. Along the Pounding formation of a rail-way, from Covington to Staun- it may be diminished, without, perhaps, materially mill run there are some rocky places. From the lessening the commerce on the linc. Virginia is top of the dividing ridge, the ground descends At Staunton, the alternatives offer, of crossing the now improving the navigation of the Great Kana- very gradually towards Mill creek; it is occasionally Blue ridge at Rockfish gap, and passing through wha river, to an extent which will secure three feet stony. the counties of Albemarle, Orange, Madison, Cul-depth of water at all seasons of the year, from Point pepper, Fauquier, Prince William and Fairfax; Pleasant to near the great falls, and by which the crossing the Potomac within the District of Colum-strength of the current in the sluices will be reducbia, and from thence to Baltimore: or, of descend-ed to a velocity of between four and five miles to ing the Shenandoah river to Swift run, or Thorn- the hour. Upon this river, so improved, steam boats "After having crossed the creek, near the end of ton's gap, and after crossing the Blue ridge, at one of useful character, (E) may be employed between the gap, and ascended a small elevation, this route of these points, passing through the counties situ- the falls of Kanawha, and the mouth of the Scioto, reaches a flat part of the mountain, from which the ated immediately at the east base of the ridge, to to great advantage at all seasons of the year, by the Bratton's run road and Porter's creek route dithe Potomac between Conn's and Noland's ferries; improvement of a few shoals in the Ohio. This verge. and from thence to Baltimore: or, of continuing substitution of the steam boat for the railway, along "The Bratton's Run route-leads along Wilson's down the rich and extensive valley of Shenandoah, the valley of Kanawha, would abridge the length creek, by Boston Hansbarger's. There the wilderto Harper's Ferry; and from that point to the one of of the latter about ninety miles. But is the dis-ness ceases and an open road is taken; it proceeds ultimate destination. On examination of the latter tance by which the Ohio is approached really a down Shaver's run to the Cow-pasture river, which line it may be found, that by entering the valley of the matter of importance to the success of the Balti-is crossed at a wide place just at the end of the Mill Buffalo run, at the Buffalo gap, twelve miles west more enterprise? The great object of her present mountain; the ground so far is pretty good. The of Staunton, and following the valley, watered by efforts, is to secure to that city a large proportion road continues up Sampson's creek, at the head of this stream, to its junction with the Middle river; of the rich and already immense commerce of the which it ascends a dividing ridge. The graduation down Middle river to where it enters the South She-west: to place herself in an attitude to compete is steep, and the road rocky. The elevation of the nandoah, near Port Republic; and down the latter with her rival sister New York, in the trade of the ridge is two hundred and fifty-six feet. On the to Harper's Ferry. That a rail road may be form-great Northern lakes: with her neighbour, Phila- other side of this ridge the descent towards Brated without extraordinary expense, at an angle on delphia, in the commerce of the upper Ohio, and ton's run is easy, but very stony. There are about which locomotive engines may operate without the its tributary streams; and to divide with the present ten miles of stony and rocky road along Sampson's aid of stationary ones. Our knowledge, however, emporium of southern trade, the commerce of the creek and across the ridge. The road pursues Bratof these several routes is so limited, that we do not great valley of the Mississippi. In effecting results ton's run down to the place where it empties itself hazard any definite opinion, as to the relative ad- so splendid and important, it becomes much more into the Great Calf-pasture river; near this point vantages which they may offer. A general know-interesting to discuss the means by which they may the road unites itself with the Panther gap road. Jedge of the country alone, induces the impression, be best secured, than to estimate the number of Along Bratton's run, the ground is mostly good; the that either might be adopted without encountering miles to be passed over. If to share with Philadel-run must be crossed several times. There is beany serious difficulties. From the best information phia the trade of the head of the Ohio, was the which we possess, the distance by each is about the same, or so nearly so, as not to make any essential difference, and which we are informed is usually computed at one hundred and eighty miles. "The creek is crossed near McKaw's gap, where it breaks through Middle or Little Mare mountain. The gap is very rugged, but not impracticable for a road: it is only one-fourth of a mile long. tween Sampson's creek and Bratton's run about twelve miles, which are not settled, and are hardly susceptible ever to be so. only boon which Baltimore proposed to herself, her line of communication might terminate as near Pittsburg as practicable; as from that point, Penn- "The Porter's Creek Route-passes by John Hanssylvania is opening her canal, to waft the commerce barger's, beyond which place it traverses a wilderThe entire distance by the proposed routes, from of that region to her ancient metropolis. If com ness up a branch of Wilson's creek, across a slight the Ohio river at Point Pleasant to Baltimore, is petition with New York for the trade of Erie and dividing ridge, and down Porter's mill creek to thus ascertained to be four hundred and ninety-four the lakes beyond, constitute her only ulterior pur-Adam Porter's farm; thence an open road is pursumiles: nearly double the distance by which the Bal-pose, Baltimore might perhaps attain this object, ed along this mill creek down to its mouth, just timore Committee, in their report of the 19th of by terminating her railway either at Parkersburg, above which, the Cow-pasture river is crossed at a February last, expect to reach the Ohio river. But or opposite Marietta; as the execution of her enter-very eligible site for a bridge; from this point the ought this fact to be regarded as decisive, against prise would probably lead to the opening of the ca distance is short and the ground good to Williams' the route which we recommend to examination? nal, which the state of Ohio seems to contemplate, springs, where the Panther gap road is fallen into. The distance assumed by the Committee is obvious-between Marietta and the point where her Erie and The whole of this route is nearly level; the dividing ly conjectural, the sinuous course of the Potomac, Ohio canal may be intersected in the valley of the ridge between Porter's and Wilson's creek, is passthe high and abrupt ridges that must inevitably Muskingum. But if a combination of these advan-ed over unperceived: the ground is generally good, compel a circuitous and winding course, from the tages, with a large participation in the present vast but occasionally stony along Wilson's creek." last river to the Ohio, seems not to have been fully but still increasing commerce, of the southern and In the same report, M. Crozet describes the route considered; whilst the route now proposed, offers its middle parts of the country between the Alleghany from Staunton by the Buffalo and Panther's gaps to distances from actual surveys of the principal part and the Rocky mountains, forms, as we are satisfied Williams' springs, as follows: "This road passes of the entire line. it does form, the great purpose of Baltimore; then round the end of the North mountain, and then LADIES' DEPARTMENT. GIRLS AND YOUNG WOMEN. through the Buffalo gap, over a slight and short but the steps are in general too rapid to be altoge ridge which divides the waters of the Shenandoah ther safe for the tender frame of women who are not and James rivers: this part of it is stony. It conregularly trained to the art: the body is supported tinues down the valley of the Little Calf-pasture OF THE EXERCISES MOST CONDUCIVE TO HEALTH IN too much on the toes, and the fine elasticity of the river, between the North mountain and Fore moun double arch of the foot endangered; the ligaments tain, which divides the Little from the Great CalfNearly the same exercises, with the exception of of the ankle are apt to be strained and overlengthpasture river. In this valley the road may be said wrestling, cricket, quoits, and those sports properly ened, and the instep to lose its height, from the tento be level; the few and short ascents which inter-termed athletic, which are proper for boys, may be don of the sole of the foot being overstretched: vene, being merely occasioned by the turning of recommended for young girls. Trundling a hoop, thence, when the dancing is discontinued, the gait, the road for the farms. The road turns round the battledore, trap-ball, and every game which can instead of being firm and elastic, is shuffling. Proend of the Fore mountain, and takes its direction exercise both the legs and the arms, and at the same fessional dancers have generally flat feet, and walk towards the Panther's gap, after having crossed the time the muscles of the body, should be encouraged; as if they were lame. Independent, however, of the Great Calf-pasture river. but the writer of this essay would hesitate in recom- mode of dancing, it is an exercise the daily employ"A survey was made along a path across the Fore mending the Calisthenic exercises for girls under ment of which greatly benefits young females at mountain, by which three-fourths of a raile might twelve years of age, unless it be that which obliges that period of life when most of their other occupabe saved in the distance to the Panther gap; but the person to run round an upright pole, which has tions are of a sedentary nature; but as they are unithe leading spur on the west side was found too a pivot on the top, to which cords are affixed, and versally fond of it, they are likely to carry it to short to allow of a proper graduation; the map in holding which, while she runs, the velocity of the excess, which should never be permitted; particushows this survey; from the end of the Fore moun-child is increased by the centrifugal force, until she larly when the more rapid and violent dances, Scotch tain, however, a straight direction may be taken to is raised from the ground, and flies, as it were, reels, for instance, are attempted. Exertions such the Panther gap; two crossings of Mill creek will round the pole. In this kind of exercise the limbs as these dances require, if long continued, are exthereby be avoided, and better ground passed over, are gradually brought to the greatest degree of mo tremely injurious to girls of a delicate frame and but no material distance gained. This improve- bility of which they are capable; whilst the muscu with a narrow chest-Dancing is also injurious ment is indicated on the map. lar power of the arms is also increased, by the ne- whilst the body is yet weak in convalescence from cessity of their supporting the whole weight of the acute diseases. When too much exercised, it likebody in the act of flying. It ought, however, to be wise is apt to produce ganglions on the ankle joints mentioned, that this exercise cannot, with prudence, of delicate girls, as wind galls are produced on the be permitted to children who have narrow chests, legs of young horses who are too soon or too much or a tendency to pulmonary diseases; nor is it alto worked. Upon the whole, nevertheless, dancing is gether safe for those in whom there is any consider- the exercise best adapted for young women; and able determination of blood to the dead. For girls one, when discreetly employed, highly conducive to above the age of twelve, such exercises may not be health allowable, except under particular circumstances of privacy; and therefore the following must be sub "The Panther gap is formed by the breaking of Mill creek through Mill mountain; the road through the gap continues level, but is very rocky. The gap is nearly half a mile in length; the crossings of Mill creek in it may all be avoided, without any increase of distance worth noticing. From the Panther gap the ground is good, to near the last crossing of Mill creek, where it is miry. Beyond the creek, the long spur is ascended imperceptibly; the descent on the west side, is more rapid and badly graduated: the Long Spur has been ascertained by computa-stituted in their stead. tion, to be only three hundred feet high above its western base, and is susceptible of a graduation at three degrees It is the only hill of any conse quence on this route, and affords the best sort of ground for a firm and dry road. At a short distance from the long spur, the road passes by Williams' spring." (E.) Riding is a most salutary exercise for young women, from its engaging many of the muscles of the body, as well as those of the arms and thighs; and from the succession of changes of respirable air, which the rapid progression of the body through an extensive space, in a short time, causes to be conveyed to the lungs. But the position which women are obliged to maintain on horseback is not favourable to very young girls; and, if the exercise be often carried to fatigue, nothing is more apt to produce deformity, from diseased curvature of the spine, than the placing a young girl too soon on horseback If riding be recommended on account of health, girls should be taught to ride on both sides of the horse, to prevent that twisting of the body, which the continued use of one side is apt to occasion. Walking is an exercise conducive to health. In girls' schools it is now a common practice to teach the military step under the guidance of a drill ser jeant. His object however, is to restrain much of the free motion of the trunk of the body, and to preserve it in too erect a position. either for real grace or for healthful exercise; and although the military step displays firmness of tread and equality A description of the steam boat Wabash, built and of balance, yet it wants that spring of buoyancy owned by Capt. John Shallcross, a respectable and which characterizes the walking of a well formed, enterprising citizen of Louisville, and now employ-healthy female. By a natural step, however, the ed in the trade between that place and Ferrehaute, writer of this essay does not mean that which is too on the Wabash, the upper towns on the Cumber often contended to be natural, produced by a straight land, and Florence on the Tennessee, furnished by forward position or the turning in of the foot. The The limits of this essay do not permit many other her owner:-length of keel 100 feet, depth of hold 24 nature of and anatomy of the head of the thigh-bone kinds of exercises, which may be considered as salfeet, breadth of beam 16 feet, draft of water with renders the turning out of the toes necessary for the utary, to be described. It has been stated that none her engine, furniture, and crew on board 18 inches; freedom and elasticity of the motion; but there is a should be carried beyond the point of fatigue; but, engine of power equal to those usually employed in medium in all things; and although in women the even in this case, rest, or the suspension of action, boats of 120 tons; her freight is carried in two keel toes are naturally more turned out than in men, is not always the most advisable method of relieving boats of about 45 tons burthen each; one towed on from the greater breadth of the pelvis or haunches, the uneasy sensation and the apparent exhaustion of each side of the steam boat; they draw, when load-yet that degree of turning out which is too frequent the body; for these are often more quickly dissipated, from twenty-five to twenty-seven inches; but ly the result of the lessons of the dancing master, is ed by merely changing the nature of the exertion, they are about to be replaced by boats of a greater highly injurious to walking: the natural turning out than by actual rest. Thus, if a child who is much width, and less depth, so as to adapt them to water of the feet gives the elastic step which is peculiar to fatigued by a long walk, and even is so apparently as shallow as that for which the steam boat is con- the sex and is truly graceful, the artificial pointing exhausted as to render his farther progress problestructed.-Captain Shallcross is about preparing of the toe produces a hobbling gait in the progres-matical, receive his father's cane to ride upon, he barges for passengers, to be used whenever occasion sion of the body and is in direct opposition to grace- will run off and gallop along as nimbly as if his little may require, in lieu of one or both the keel boats. fulness. When walking is used as an exercise it limbs had been recruited by a long night of repose. The Wabash runs eleven miles per hour in still wa- ought not to be carried beyond fatigue: the atten. Much danger, however, may result from acting too ter, without her tow boats, and seven miles per hour tion also should be diverted by a succession of new long upon this principle; for as the new stimulus is with them both loaded; so that by deducting the ideas; for the body is tired long before the muscular purely mental, the exhaustion of the corporeal powforce of the current at any given place, her velocity power is even moderately exhausted, if the same ers when the exertion is over, and it must sooner or up stream may be ascertained. Her engine cost monotony of objects be presented to the eye. The from $2800 to $3000, the boat $1000, to which may procession of a boarding school, soon causes fatigue be added the cost of her keel boats or barges, to to the girls,-yet it can scarcely be regarded as afgive the entire expenditure necessary. fording exercise to any of the individuals who com pose the train. (To be continued.) MAXIMS. A man who does not examine his own conduct, will be sure to find some good natured friends ready enough to do it for him. Many men's estates come in at the door and go out at the chimney. Make one bargain with other men, and four with yourself. Dancing is the most favourite exercise of young women: and when properly taught, is healthful, and confers gracefulness of gait, resulting from the dis ciplined management of the whole body. In gene ral, however, the movements are confined in the feet and legs, whilst the action of the other part of the frame is wholly neglected. There is a wish also to imitate professional dancers in young females: later terminate, may be so late as to be productive of the most dangerous consequences. Exercise, of whatever kind it is, is doubly salutary when taken in the open air, in the fields, and amidst the beauties of nature: "Where scatter'd wide the lily of the vale Its balmy essence breathes, where cowslips hang The dewy head, where purple violets lurk:" There health is alone successfully wooed; and if the span of life be not lengthened, it is at least rendered happy in the possession of a blessing for which mankind cannot be sufficiently grateful. SPORTING OLIO. CANTON RACES. 3d Day Mr. Godman's mare, Mulatto Mary, took the purse in two heats, beating Fairfax, Medora and Diana. Opinion at starting seemed to be nearly equally divided between Mulatto Mary and Fairfax, the former however, appeared to be somewhat the favourite.-The first heat was finely contested between the two last named horses, and the heat wor by the length of a neck by Mulatto Mary; Diana came in third best, being six or seven lengths ahead; Medora was distanced. The second heat afforded choice sport for the lovers of the turf, and created a most lively interest in every spectator. In starting, Mulatto Mary took the lead, but was immediately locked by Fairfax, who passed her within the first three hundred yards, but was soon overtaken by her, when a most beautiful competition ensued for the first post. Fairfax came in a little ahead the first mile, the mare on bis withers, both running at fine speed; with Diana several lengths in the rear. On the eastern side of the course just before they reached the rising ground, Mulatto Mary and Fairfax commenced an animated struggle, which was continued for the fourth of a mile with unabated speed; the former was enabled to keep the course, and the latter seemed content to remain on her flank until he made the last turn, when he renewed the strife with fresh courage and perseverance, and it was thought for a time that he would gain the heat, but Mulatto Mary proved herself equal to the task imposed upon her by the occasion, and maintained her ground till the end of the heat, beating Fairfax about a length and a half. JIM CRACK, NEW MARKET FALL RACES. The races over the New Market course com- Late the property of Peter S. Randolph, Esq. menced on Tuesday last. Owing to the inclemen will cover mares the present season at my house, cy of the weather, there was not many spectators; near the centre of Amelia county, at six dollars the but the few that did attend enjoyed much sport, leap, fifteen dollars the season, with one shilling and there being four heats, all closely contested Only sixpence to the groom; the money for the leap to be three started-one paid forfeit. The following colts paid at the stable; the money for the season may be were entered, which came out in the respective discharged by the payment of twelve dollars at any heats as designated by the figures. The knowing time before the 1st of October. Gentlemen who ones were dished. may choose to send servants with their mares, shall Mr. Bott's, 3 2 1 1 have them accommodated on very moderate terms. 2 1 2 2 My pasturage is good and well secured; but will not 1 3 3 3 be answerable for escapes or accidents. Mr Johnson's, 2d Day. Proprietor's purse, $300-three mile Mr. Johnson's b. h. Trumpator, 2 1 1 1 3 2 Mr. West's b h. Leopolstadt, Ariel. PEDIGREES OF VALUABLE HORSES. The elegant thorough bred Horse About five feet two inches high, daily growing and groom. The Bay Colt was purchased in London by Mr. Wm. Barksdale, of Petersburg, and is of the very best stock in England, as appears by the certificate of Lord Grosvenor, as follows, viz: "January 31st, 1797.-This is to certify, that the Bay Colt was got by High Flyer, dam by Eclipse from Young Cade, which was the dam of Vauxhall. "GROSVENOR. (SEAL.) "N B. The Cade mare, the dam of Vauxhall, Manchester, Nov. 23d, 1797 4th Day-Ladies' Purse. The ladies' purse was won by Louisa Simms. Although she had the heels of her adversaries, the race was not without its interest, as repeatedly through the heats the most gallant efforts were made to pass her: these, how-was also the dam of Dulcinea, Mambrino, Cervan ever, were made without success; for the rate she tes, and Sancho-all first runners." had taken at starting was beyond their speed, and in Good and extensive pasturage gratis, but will not defiance of the best exertion and the most deter- be liable for any accident. JAMES STRANGE. mined resolution, she kept the post of honour. The first heat the respective horses came in, in the following order: Louisa Simms first, Floretta second, Florivell third, and Trippett fourth. The second heat, Louisa Simms was first, Florivell about six lengths behind, Floretta and Trippett each a few Five years old this spring. 5 feet 5 inches high, a lengths in his rear. The contest between the three beautiful bay, finely marked and elegantly formed; last horses for the second post of honour afforded stands at my stable in Brunswick county, about two great sport, and could the spectators have abstract-miles from Theophilus Field's Mill, on Waquay ed their minds from the circumstance that Louisa | creek, and four miles from Charles Harris's, and Simms was ahead, a more interesting scene could will be let to mares at eight dollars the season, to not have been desired The thorough bred Horse be paid on or before the first day of November next, Having given an account of the race, we return five dollars the leap paid down, and sixteen dollars to the most agreeable part of our duty to state, that to ensure a mare's being with foal; those persons there was a witchery about that portion of the spec who put by insurance, and part with their mares tators whose carriages were ranged on the east side before the time of foaling, to be answerable for the of the Judges' chair, which we are willing to hope same. Good pasturage gratis, but I will not be lia even reconciled the losers to their lot, and gave to ble for escapes or accidents of any kind. Belvidere the race an interest which none but a pure mind was got by Col. Sym's celebrated horse Old Wild could enjoy; nor was it a little complimentary, that air, his dam was got by the imported horse Clock their presence had brought hundreds from their fast, his grandam by Col. John Tayloe's noted plodding vocations who otherwise would have staid horse Old Yorick, his great grandam by the said at home; and without exaggeration, we can say Tayloe's imported horse Childers, his great great that the course has not been so brilliantly attended, grandam by Morton's imported Traveller, out of since the organization of the "association," such is the famous imported mare Jenny Cameron. the influence of those "who bind up the wounds and HARTWELL TUCKER. pillow the aching head" of man. [Chron. March 15, 1798. Jim Crack was got by Mr. Hart's imported Medley, (the best blood in England) his dam by Ariel brother to Old Partner, his grandam by Whittington, his great grandam by Dabster, out of Colonel Anthony Thornton's celebrated Roan Mare, considered as the finest mare of her day in Virginia. The performances of Jim Crack on the turf have been equal to most horses that have been raised in Virginia; having been matched against three horses of the first reputation for running, to wit: Mr. Prosser's Wildair, two mile heats. Mr Tayloe's Bell Air, three four mile heats, and Mr Tayloe's Nantooka, one four mile heat, all of which he beat without losing a single heat. He is a horse of great vigour, and his colts are greatly admired, for their size as well as their beauty. THOMAS PERKINSON. March 3, 1798. The lately imported complete horse The last son of O'Kelley's famous Eclipse, will stand the ensuing season at Buck Hill (on the south side of James river) about one mile from Richmond, and will be let to mares at six guineas the season, either of which, with a dollar to the groom, to be four guineas the leap, and twelve guineas insurance; paid before the mares are removed. The insurance money will be returned on application with proof that the mare did not prove with foal. In addition to what pasturage there may be at Buck Hill, I have rented (at one hundred pounds per annum) a considerable quantity of the Falls Plantation for the purpose of pasturage, equal to any in the state. Great attention will be paid to mares and to keep the fences in good order, but will not be responsible for any accident. Traveller, is a beautiful bay full five feet three inches high, was got by Eclipse, his dam by King Herod, grand dam by Blank, great grand dam by Old Cade. His fine figure and justness of form, are such as to excite the admiration of all who see him, and his blood, great size, strength, and beauty independent of his performance entitle him to be placed among the very first horses, and induce me to believe that he is not inferior to any here ever imported Pasturage gratis. JAMES STRANGE. Manchester, 15th January, 1798. MISCELLANEOUS. The management of fish-ponds is well understood in France owing to fish in all Catholic countries being an article of necessity. In the internal districts there are many large artificial ponds, as well as natural lakes, where the eel, carp, pike, and a few other species are reared, separated, and fed, as in the Berkshire ponds in England. Poultry is an important article of French husbandry, and well understood as far as breeding and feeding. It is thought that the consumption of poultry in town is equal to that of mutton. The poorest cottager owns a few hens, and a neat little roost in which they pass the night secure from dogs, wolves and foxes. MR. SKINNER. STOMACH PUMP. AN AMERICAN INVENTION. avocations into which manual labour enters. But The history of Eclipse, promised to be given then he has his season of enjoyment, and is at all in this number, is necessarily postponed for some times relieved from the responsibility, anxiety, and time. Irvine, Warren, Pa. Sept. 30. the risk of the merchant, or the intense application Dear Sir.-In your paper of the 14th, I observand fearful solicitude of the professional man. The MR. EDITOR, Newbern, Sept. 26, 1827. ed an extract from a Dublin Journal, giving an occupation of agriculture being more steady and Will you be good enough to let a young farmer account of a Doctor Simon's invention for removing less liable to the fluctuations experienced in almost inquire through the medium of your journal, which fluids from the stomach. This I take to be nothing every other vocation, more especially to those im- will answer the purpose best-a large cart or a small more than a common apparatus, consisting of a mediately dependant on commerce, tends to a more wagon; or, in other words, in which can two horses flexible tube, and a syringe or large gum-elastic bot-regular, simple, and consequently, to a more moral draw the most, with the most ease, in a cart, or a tle. My motive in noticing it is, that we owe this life. It is this favourable tendency of their habits wagon? invention, to an eminent surgeon of our country, Dr. P. S. Physick; and not as we would be led to believe by the European journals, to a foreigner. I am surprised too, that it should be a novelty in Dublin, for we have frequent accounts from Eng land, of poisons having been removed from the stomach by those means. The last accounts I presume, gave it as the invention of some apothecary in London, whose name I cannot now recall. Certain I am, that this improvement was proposed by Doctor Physick more than twelve years since.The present professor of Surgery in Philadelphia, Doctor Gibson, has been in the habit of exhibiting to his public class, every winter for several years past, this mode of removing poisons. We have at least, the right to claim our inventions, and I am astonished that this robbery has not been before now noticed. MEDICUS. INSECT SAGACITY. and mode of living, which has entitled the yeoman- COAT OF MAIL. [Silliman's Jour. of Arts. A SUBSCRIBER. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. TOBACCO Continues depressed; some little continues to be done every week, as usual, however, at prices sales to report. Tobacco is plenty in our market, parwithin our standard rates. We have no remarkable ticularly Ohio, beyond the demand, except leafy Maryland for manufacturers, of which there is a limited supply. Ohio tobacco is more brisk, and rather higher in price than for some time past; more inquiry for it this week than usual. Some sales have been made from $6 50 to 7.50 and 8.00, and some very fine up to $10.00 to 11.00 and 12.00, we are informed. Standard rates of Seconds, as in quality, $3.00 a 6.00-common crop, 3.00 a 4.00-Do. red, 4.00 a 4.50-good red, 5.00 a 6.00 Yellow do. 5.00 a 14.00-Fine yellow, 15.00 a 20.00Virginia good, 3.50 a 8.00-Rappahannock, 3.00 a 3.50 7.00-Cuba do. 18.00 a 23.00-St. Domingo, 14.00 a -Kentucky, fine, 4.00 a 5.00--do. for wrapping, 6.00 a 18.00. The antiquarian would delight to hear, that there-Fine red, 7.00 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 10.00has been discovered, about fifteen miles north of Craftsbury, Vermont, a shirt, without sleeves made of wire a little larger than that of the small steel The banbul tree affords a curious specimen of inpurses; in fact, a real coat, or shirt of mail, of the sect sagacity, in the caterpillars' nests suspended by ages of chivalry. It was found in the valley of thousands to the branches. This little animal, con Black river, I believe, within the limits of the town scious of its approaching change, and the necessity of Coventry. It was much rusted and decayed, but of security in its helpless state as a chrysalis, in-sufficient of it remains to show its shape.* stinctively provides itself a strong mansion during that metamorphosis. As a caterpillar, it is furnished with very strong teeth; with them it saws off a number of thorns, the shortest about an inch long, and glues them together in a conical form, the points all tending to one direction, the extremity terminating with the longest and sharpest. This singular habitation is composed of about twenty thorns, for the exterior, lined with a coat of silk, similar to the cone of the silk-worm, suspended to the tree by a strong ligament of the same material. In this asy lum the banbul caterpillar retires to its long repose, and, armed with such formidable weapons, bids defiance to birds, beasts, and serpents, which might otherwise devour it. When the season of emanci THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1827. FLOUR-white wheat family, $5.75 a 6 00-superfine Howard-street, 5.00 a 5.124-city mills, 4.374 a 4.75Susquehanna, 4.50 a 4.75-CORN MEAL, per bbl. 2.75GRAIN, white wheat, best .90 a 1.05-red do. .80 a .55— common do. .60 a.75--CORN, .45 a .46-RYE, 40 a .50 -OATS, .20 a 25-BEANS, .80 a 1.0-PEAS, .40 a .50CLOVER seed, 4.50 a 5.00-TIMOTHY 3.00-Barley,.50 a .60-FLAXSEED, .75 a .80-COTTON, Virginia, .84 a .10-Upland fair, 9 a 10—Louisiana,.11 4.13-North Carolina, .8 4.94 Tennessee, .10 a.11-Alabama,.10 a.114-WOOL, washed, .18a.22-unwashed, .16—crossed blood, .22 a 24-half do. .24 a .26-three-quarter do. 28 a 30-full do. .30 a.35-HEMP, Russia, per ton, $218 220--Country, dew-rotted, ton, 100 a 150-water-rotted, 150 a 175-FISH, Herrings, 2.50 a $.00—Shad, 6.00 7.00-Mackerel, 4.50 a 5.75-BACON, Balt. hams, .9 a a Of the Cattle Show, we have time, at present, 10-country, .63 a .7-assorted do. 7 a 7-WHISKEY, 26 a .28-Feathers, .28 a .29-Beef, on the hoof, 4.50 a 5.00-Hogs, do. 3.50 a 4.00-Butter, .16 .25. Several vessels, loaded with wheat, from St. Mary's The show of horses of every sort, neat cattle, county, have arrived this week, and sales have been pation arrives, and the chrysalis is to assume a new and of domestic fabrics, far excelled what was ex-made by us from .65 to .85 per bushel, all red wheat. character in the papilio tribe, the insect emerges from the fortress, expands its beautiful wings, and pected, and was yet much diminished in every parwith thousands of fluttering companions, released at ticular by the bad weather of Monday. It rained the same season from captivity, sallies forth to en-vented much stock and many people within forty incessantly throughout the day, and must have prejoy its short-lived pleasures. [Forbes' Oriental Mem. miles from coming, and as it could not be known in the country that the show had been postponed for a CULTIVATION OF THE ANNUAL SUNFLOWER. day, the exhibition may be considered much infeAllow me to recommend through the medium of rior to what it would have been, highly satisfactory your useful miscellany, the cultivation of the annual and encouraging as it was. The grounds are beau sunflower, as possessing the advantages of furnish-tifully adapted to the purpose, and we may antici. ing an abundance of fodder for cattle, in their pate an improvement, from year to year, in every leaves. When, also, they are in bloom, the bees branch of agricultural labour, and in every species flock to them to gather sweets. The seed is valua- of domestic fabricks. ble for feeding pigs, sheep, &c.; it produces a striking effect on poultry, in occasioning them to lay more eggs than usual; the dry stalks burn well, and the ashes afford a considerable quantity of alkali [Pensa. Gazette. It has been justly said of the farmer's occupation, that it involves as much skill, as much interest, and as much honour, as any object within the range of the attention, or the action of man. It was certainly man's first employment, and without doubt, the happiest in which he can be engaged. True he labours hard, and by the sweat of his brow earns his bread; and this is common to most The next Cattle Show will probably be held not later than the middle of October, which will make it much more agreeable, the days being then longer and the weather milder. A more detailed account of the Exhibition, with the reports and awards of Committees, will, of course, be published in the American Farmer. [*When the Editor of this paper had once the pleasure to see Mr. Jefferson at Monticello, he shewed him a similar coat of mail which had been ploughed up in a field not far off from Jamestown, in Virginia. He said he supposed they were worn by some of the first settlers, as a means of defending their bodies against the assaults of Indian arrows] CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. and the employment of Slaves in the South for the manufacture of coarse cottons, recommended, No. 5Of the Study of the Animal kingdom with reference to Agriculture, Of the Distribution of Animals-Description of the township of Land granted to LafayetteExperiment on the Smut in Wheat-On Burning Clay, Inquiry-Productions of Kentucky-Family Mills, InCarolina-Superior Pears-Chinese Chrysanthemumquiry-A good Shearing-Prospect of Crops in North Memorial to the President and Directors of the Balti more and Ohio Rail-road Company, continued-Of the Exercises most conducive to Health in young Girls and young Women-Canton Races, third and fourth dayNew Market Races-Pedigrees of Valuable Horses, continued, The Bay Colt; Belvidere; Jim Crack, and Traveller-Fish Ponds and Poultry in France-Stomach Pump for extracting Poison, an American invention Insect Sagacity-Cultivation of the Annual Sun-flower -Eulogium on the occupation of a Farmer-Coat of Mail, found in the State of Vermont-Editorial, Cattle Show-Prices Current. On the manufacture of Cotton Bagging, Cordage, &c. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tov, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts., where every description of Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed. No. 33.-VOL. 9.] AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 2, 1827. ANNUAL CATTLE SHOW, For the exhibition and sale of Improved Domestic Animals, Agricultural Machinery and Implements. and Household Manufactures, &c.-held by the Maryland Agricultural Society for the Western Shore of Maryland, agreeably to appointment at Carroll's ed A., and hereunto annexed, has been cultivated with an extraordinary degree of skill, judgment and economy, and recovered from an extremely unproductive and exhausted condition, and raised to a state of great fertility, with a rapidity almost unex ampled. The Committee beg leave to suggest a hope, that Mr. Hollingsworth will, for the benefit of the agri cultural community in general, and especially for the instruction and aid of proprietors of worn-out lands, of a soil originally good, prepare and com [Monday, the day previous to the one which had municate to the public through the medium of the been appointed for the show, being one of incessant American Farmer, a more minute and detailed staterain, the Trustees who were then in the city, con-ment of his successful management than is containcluded it would be best to postpone the show for a ed in the report above referred to. day, especially as there seemed, at a late hour on Monday, to be no prospect of good weather the next day. Point. The show accordingly commenced on Wednesday morning, and was, as we have before stated, superior in all respects to what might have been expected. A pretty general impression prevailed that the continuance of the shows would depend on the result of this one, and the event has been such as to ensure not only their continuance, but that their good effects will be augmented and become more and more visible from year to year. As an evidence of the light in which the awards of the Society are already regarded, the single fact may be stated, that the owner of the stallion which took the Society's premium, as the one best calculated to get stock for the saddle, held him immediately previous to the show at $300, but on receiving his silver cup, refused to take less than $500. Some days prior to the Exhibition, the following letter from the late President of the Society was received by the Corresponding Secretary-which being made known to the Board of Trustees, B. W. HALL, Esq. was unanimously appointed President pro tem.] J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. Baltimore, Oct. 16, 1827. Correspd'g Secr'y Maryland Agric. Society: DEAR SIR,-1 he recent occurrence of an afflict ing event will prevent me from attending the approaching meeting of the Agricultural Society of Maryland. Trustees, at the meeting which I understand is to I beg leave to request you to communicate to the be held on Saturday, and also to tie Society, my wish to retire from the office win which I have been honoured. a (A.) V. MAXCY, To the Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural Society them one of the best established axioms in hus 257 That they award the first premium for wheat of the value of $20, to Mrs. Sarah West, of Peters ville, Frederick county, for her crop on a lot of 17 acres, 3 roods and 8 perches, averaging 32 bushels and 21 lbs. per acre. A letter from Dr. Muse was also laid before the committee, in which he states, that he had raised this year 24,000 lbs. of seed cotton. While the committee place the utmost reliance upon the accuracy of this statement, they, with reluctance, decline awarding the premium assigned for the largest quantity of seed cotton raised in the state, for want of the authentication required by the rules of the society. In virtue of powers with which you have invested us, we have viewed the farm of Jacob Hollings- corn, they award the premium of $15 to Dr. Joseph That for the best ten contiguous acres of Indian worth, Esq. in Anne Arundel county, and beg leave E. Muse, of Cambridge, who produced evidence of to present to you such facts relative thereto as were the product of a lot of ten acres, at the rate of 76 furnished by our own observation, and such as were bushels per acre; and for the best five contiguous derived from sources in which we repose implicit confidence. There are about three hundred and fifty to documents exhibited, an average product of 89 acres of Indian corn, producing, according to the four hundred acres of cleared tillable land, which is bushels, 8 pecks, 1 gallon and 2-5ths of a gallon judiciously divided into nine fields of unequal dimen- per acre, they award the premium of $10 to the sions. When purchased by its present proprietor, same spirited, enterprising and scientific agricultathe farm was wholly unproductive, filled with gut- rist. For the particulars in the management and ters, sedge, and almost every species of filth, and cultivation of these lots, they refer to his interestnearly destitute of fencing. It is now, as is a mat-ing letter, annexed to this report, and marked B. ter of notoriety, one of the most highly improved, best cultivated and productive farms in the county The system of tillage has, notwithstanding, been a severe one; the repetition of crops upon the same grounds rapid, and the rests but short; yet such has been the success of the system, that it has become general theme of conversation in the neighbourhood; and the best and most experienced farmers amongst us are repudiating what was considered by cations of manure, or by a succession of grain crops bandry, that old, exhausted lands can only be re stored to a high state of fertility by copious appli"few and far between." During the very precarious seasons and general failure of the wheat crop which Be pleased to tender to the Society my sincere have been so remarkable for some years past, an acknowledgments for the confidence reposed in average of more than 1500 bushels a year have me, and to assure the members that the evidences been raised on this farm: and the crop now on they have given me of it shall b ever held in grate-ed out, will not yield less than 1700 bushels. The hand (saved last July,) although not wholly threshbeen abundant; more than 500 barrels were gatherquantity of Indian corn during the same period has ed last fall; from the best judgment that can be formed on the subject, there will not be a much less quantity at the present autumn. A quantity of rye and oats were also raised, from fifty to sixty tons of hay saved annually, and crops of tobacco made, varying from five to fifteen hogsheads per annum. The live stock on the farm is excellent, and in high [Doctor Joseph E. Muse, President of the Dor-order. The number of draught horses used are chester Agricultural society, was requested to deli- six, and the labouring hands are six men and four ver the premiums--nd accordingly attended and boys; and little or no hiring takes place even during performed that servie for the Society at 12 o'clock harvest, although the wheat crop is so heavy that a on the second day of the Exhibition, agreeably to considerable portion of it is saved with sickles. As the following repots:] As the object of agricultural societies is to colan example of what we call severe cropping, welect and diffuse useful information, the Committee beg leave to state, that the fallow field sown this on crops beg leave, respectfully, to recommend the month in wheat, was cultivated in Indian corn in adoption of a rule, which shall require all competi1825, and bore a crop of wheat in 1826, so that it tors for premiums for crops to accompany the tescannot be said to have had more than one year's timonials of the amount of crop, with a detailed That they ward the first premium of plate, va- rest. Yet, notwithstanding this course of cultiva statement of the mode of cultivation. ued at $50 to Jacob Hollingsworth, Esq., of Elk- tion, which, until recently, would in our neighbourridge; whoe farm, in the opinion of the committee, hood have been denounced as most ruinous and infounded on a report, after inspection, by the hon judicious, Woolly farm, which relies exclusively on Thomas. Dorsey and Col. Thomas Hood, mark-its own resources for manure, except gypsum, has N. 33.-VOL. 9. ful remembrance. It will always afford me pleasure to aid, as a member, in the Society whch has contributed so much to the benefit and improvement of the agri culture of our state. With great respec and consideration, GEO. HOWARD, FARMS. The Committe appointed to award the premiums offered for the Jest farms, respectfully report: Mr. Reuben M. Dorsey exhibited a certificate of $23 per 100 lbs.; one do. at $7; and one do. at $30— the sale of five hogsheads of tobacco, of the growth of 1825-shewing, that three hogsheads sold for making the average price $21.20. If this certificate had been accompanied by testimony, that the above five hogsheads were the whole of Mr. Dorsey's crop, he would have been entitled to the premium for the crop of highest price tobacco. Mr. Charles Whittemore, for the best crop of poThe Committee award the premium of $10 to he had raised 1292 bushels from 4 acres 24 roodstatoes, who exhibited the necessary testimony, that being something less than 300 bushels per acre. To Job Smith, Esq., the Committee award the premium of $10, assigned to "the proprietor of the best apple orchard, consisting of not less than 200 trees, which shall evince the most judicious management." that this gentleman's orchard consists of 353 healthy It appears from the testimony exhibited, and thrifty trees; that great care had been taken in pruning, and that the fruit was remarkable not only for goodness, but for variety, there being no less than 32 different kinds. V. MAXCY, R. G. STOCKETT, |