to the acre. AMERICAN FARMER. tem, the same, although not accompanied with such [SEPT 28, 1827. Indeed, I Wheat, Indian corn, (maize,) barley, rida, are refreshed with daily showers, which conrye, oats, millet, are produced as abundantly as in tinue from the middle of July to the autumnal equithe middle seaboard states. The soil is much more easily cultivated, and all kinds of obnoxious weeds the more southern latitudes, but in their cheering nox. They cannot be called periodical rains, as in more easily kept under, than in Alabama or Geor-effects upon vegetation and upon the animal sysgia, a circumstance of no small importance to those who intend to cultivate propriis manibus. Ans. 8th. Were such a colony of Swiss, as described in the question, to establish themselves in this section of country, they would, beyond the probability of doubt, succeed in their enterprise. There is no part of the continent of North America where the climate and soil are so peculiarly adapted to the cultivation of the vine, as the Middle District of Florida. Nature has been profuse, indeed, in her efforts in this branch of her economy. A common observer can readily distinguish eight or ten different species of the vine in our forests, where they grow and flourish most luxuriantly, and bear abundantly, for wild grapes. Our woods are lite rally covered with the various kinds of vine, a sure indication that the grape will succeed, when nurtured and dressed by experienced labourers and cultivators. Whole fields of vine can be shown, whose age cannot fall short of one hundred years. In some few instances, the large French blue grape has been engrafted upon the root of the wild grape in statu quo, and they have produced the first year of their engrafture; the second, one bushel of grapes from one vine; and the third year a large crop is an ticipated. There is, consequently, no part of the world, where a vineyard can be established with so much expedition, with so great certainty of success, and with so comparatively small expense. But our population know scarcely nothing of the manufac ture of wine, when they have grown the grape in abundance. They have had little or no opportunity of acquiring practical information on this important subject; nor would they be disposed to enter into a business of this kind, as it requires too long a time to bring their labour to a profitable issue; it being prevalently understood among us, that it requires five years to establish a vineyard. All the different species of foreign grape that have been planted in this section of country, have succeeded well, and no doubt will produce in due time, and with proper pruning and dressing a brauch of knowledge very Title understood here, and consequently a source of great profit to the possessor. establishment upon a respectable scale in Florida, The first successful will realize an independence in a few years. Ans. 9th. Knowing the peculiar habits and disporiver. They have not turned their undivided attenis the state of the French colony on the Tombeckbe Ans. 17th. I cannot say with any precision, what sition of the European labourers, and at the same tion to the cultivaton of the vine, as was originally time their inaptitude to manage the axe at first; an intended. They were not composed of a sufficient instrument first in rank and usefulness in levelling our forests, I advise that as many strong, able bodied and industrious labourers be brought over from posing of the productions of Florida. Ans. 12th. There is no difficulty in selling or dis- they were many of hem in too affluent circumnumber of labourers, as every colony ought to be: Switzerland as possible; but that only a slight deview of the map of North America will be sufficient bour themselves. The Alabama country is not a pendence at first be placed upon their operations in to satisfy any reasonable mind on this subject. Our healthy one; on the contrary, virulent bilious fevers A slight stances, and too unwilling and unaccustomed to lasuch of the labours as our native inhabitants are vicinity to the seaboard, and our extensive coast, prevail there in the fall of the year. This, I take more expert in: such as the felling of trees, split abounding with fine bays and harbours, give us it, is one of the proximae causes of their want of ting rails for fences, &c. These labourers may, in greater advantages in this respect than any other success. Indeed, I am f opinion, that colonies, the mean time, be employed in grubbing, rolling the part of the United States. We have a choice of strictly speaking, will not endure for any length of logs and burning brush on your newly acquired lands. Cuba for a market for our live stock, provisions time in the United States. A large body of indeAns. 10th. It is most certain that the Swiss, or and lumber; and of New Orleans, New York, and pendent emigrants, if they are sober and industrious, even the more northern European can bear the heat all the southern ports, for our cotton, and sugar, and accustomed to agricultural operations in their and change of climate incidental to their removal and fruits. Tallahassee being only 20 miles from native country, will undoubtedly always prosper. from that continent to this section of Florida; for St. Marks, a port of entry and delivery for vessels But colonist emigrants, after hey have been a short this obvious reason, that the mean heat in Florida drawing thirteen feet water. With your colony, time established in the United States, perceive too is less than in southern Switzerland, the thermome- you can come direct to the place of your settle-sensibly the blessings of an amost licentious liberter, (Fahrenheit's,) ranging in the extreme of hot ment in a vessel, and bring all your implements of ty (if I may be allowed so harsh a term,) to be goweather between 75 and 90, in the day time, and husbandry. There are thousands of acres of good verned by the arbitrary rules of a colonial gover75 and 60 in the night time. In point of health and uncultivated land to be bought within 20 or 30 nor, in matters deeply affecting their private inteamenity, I may almost say delicious luxury of cli- miles of this place, at from two to five dollars per rests. The contrast between this state of vassalmate, Tallahassee, the capital of Florida, may be acre, in a country, which for health, good water, lage, and that untrammelled course of pursuit in considered as the Montpelier of the United States. variety of staple and other productions, beauty and the American citizens settled abound them, is too The climate resembles that of Naples, without its elevation of situation, extent of prospect, fertility of great for them to bear. It causes disaffection in siroc wind. At that season of the year, when this soil, facility of tillage, and vicinity to seaboard, is their ranks, and consequently wart of success, in a bohon upas acts with so much virulence upon the not exceeded by any part of the United States of great measure, in their colonial establishment.-shores of the Mediterranean, we, the people of Flo-America. Tallahassee is in latitude 30o 40'. Every emigrant, whether colonist r independent, of rearing more large and small cattle, probably, Ans. 13th. The territory of Florida is susceptible America. They are raised with very little trouble than any other portion of equal extent in North and expense; the winter being so mild, and the frosts so slight and of so short a duration, as not to affect Florida, I proceed to give a description of it, as up a stock of provender for them during the winter Ans. 11th. As this is almost the highest part of quently we are not under the necessity of laying the wild herbage (called the cattle range;) consewell as an account of its principal productions and season. fruits. The face of this country cannot be said to and extremely nutritious, and continue in a verdant be mountainous, although inclined to be hilly. has a rolling, with sufficient of the advantages of a such as lucerne, sainfoin, &c. and clover, not havThe natural or wild grasses are abundant champaign, without losing any of the beauty of a ing been introduced as yet; although there is much It state throughout the winter. The artificial grasses, hilly surface. The soil is composed, in some places, reason to believe that success will attend their culof a deep, warm and mellow hazle earth, easily tivation, particularly the last, two kinds of which worked; in others, of a deep black mould, based (orange and white,) are indigenous. Guinea grass upon clay of a deep red colour; when turned up, has been cultivated with great success. presents a glossy surface, and when wetted, stains have no doubt, such is the luxuriance of this grass the fingers like paint; in other places, of a pure and the nutritive qualities it possesses, that it will loam, with a mixture of clay and fine sand, deep, supersede, in this country, every other artificial but not heavy. This last, I observe, affords the grass. Goats and sheep are reared with ease and greater evidences of the vine. In addition to the success; the wool of the latter, on sheep of comproductions and fruits enumerated in the 7th an swer, I have to state that the orange (sweet, sour, proving in texture and fineness every year; a fact and bitter,) grows wild in the county of Alachua; (as well as all others stated in these answers,) which mon blood, such is the amenity of the climate, imand the China orange is cultivated both at St. Au has come under my own observation. gustine and Pensacola, with great success. this is a newly settled part of Florida, recently evidence of the fact before us in small experiments, emerged from the possession of the aborigines, the that the culture of the vine will be attended with But as Ans. 14th. It is not only thought, but we have China orange has not arrived to maturity for want success. of time. We have young trees from three to four are most flattering. I refer you again to my anyears old, which have withstood the frosts of two swer of the 7th question, on this head, more at uncommonly severe winters, without any material large. It has been partially tried, and the results injury at that tender age. The olive may also be ranked as a staple production of this territory. An the different kinds of plants, seeds, &c. in your olive grove, established with the intention of manu-neighbourhood. All foreign and exotics that have Ans. 15th. I would recommend an introduction of facturing the olive oil and preserves, would yield been tried, have succeeded. gustine, in the gardens of some of the gentlemen of enormous profits. The trees I have seen in St. Au that city, are larger than the largest olive trees of France, and excel them in the quality and quantity of their fruit. The olive tree grows wild in this region. I have seen much fruit on the trees that came under my observation. I have no doubs they could he grafted advantageously. Silk has been cultivated and reared with success. The white mul berry (morus alba,) has been introduced and found common in our forests, and attains a very large to thrive. The purple mulberry (morus rubra,) is for the silk worm; with this single objection, that size, and would afford nourishment in abundance the quality of the silk when the worm has been fed upon the morus rubra, is not as fine by 50 per cent. as when fed upon the morus alba. with success-vegetation is exceedingly rapid. We have three seasons for gardening. Ans. 16th. Every kind of vegetable thrives here and winter gardens. Root houses are not in use anong us. deu, New York, from original stock from Europe, The spring, fall have succeeded well, particularly peaches, nectarines and apricots. The plumb, cherry, mulberry, Fruit trees from Prince's botanic garolive, orange and apple grow wild: in fine, I never knew a country where the forests abounded with a greater variety of indigenous fruits. ought to be entirely free to pursue his own opera tions as the citizen in whose neighbourhood he is lo cated. In fact, such is the freedom of our laws, and equal distribution of justice, that a colonial emigrant can desire no better change in his condition than to become a citizen of the United States; nor can he consult his own happiness in a more eminent degree, than by adopting and conforming, as far as possible, to the manners and customs of the plain republican American citizen. Ans. 18th. Wages of labourers in this section of country are high, as may naturally be expected from the enumeration of its staples and productions, and the air prospect of success in every agricultural operation. The hire of a negro labourer is $100 per annum, and per month and week in proportion. Daily labour, demands and receives one half dollar per day. An industrious and sober labourer, can support a wife and family of four or five children, from his daily earnings, with ease and comfort. Ans. 19th Any season of the year in Middle Florida, may be said to be a safe season for emigra tion; but the rainy season (August and September,) are not pleasant months to arrive in. Ans. 20th The population of Florida is about 20,000, and consists of one half white, one fourth I take pleasure in assuring you, as it is your se rious intention to visit this section of country in person, before making permanent arrangements for emigrating with your family and colony, that should be happy to afford you, during your visit, or any European, by correspondence or otherwise, any further information more in detail, on the subject of this interesting country. I am, sir, your very obed't serv't, COTTON BAGGING. labour, is insisted upon by gentlemen who have an equality. If the value of the raw material is We should be glad to hear from our subscribers in A COTTON PLANTER. [On the above the Editor of the New York Courier remarked as follows:] state." [To the above the Editor of the Ariel replied, in July.] COTTON BAGGING and CordagE--RECOMMENDED TO BE MADE OF COTTON.-No. I. (From the Ariel-Natchez, May, 1827.) Allow me, through your paper, to call the attennegroes, and perhaps one fourth Indians. The lat- tion of the cotton planters to the article of cotton ter are settled in the southern part of the peninsula bugging. The quantity of cotton now raised is so of East Florida, about two hundred miles distant great, compared with former years, that unless some from this place, and are not permitted to pass their steps are taken to reduce the growth of cotton or boundaries. It is the intention of the general go-to increase the growth of hemp, or find a substitute vernment of the United States to remove them west for it, the price of bagging must be high for many of the Mississippi river, as soon as practicable.- years. It would be useless to recommend a de They are now a peaceable and well meaning race, crease in the culture of cotton; and yet, unless the and not at all disposed to be hostile with the whites; growth and the consumption can be made to cor-cle from the Natchez Ariel, recommending the use "COTTON BAGGING.-We copy the following artibut for greater safety, and by way of inducing emi- respond more nearly, there must be a considerable of cotton instead of hemp for the baling and roping gration to this beautiful country, they are kept in accumulation of stocks, and a consequent reduc surveillance by a cordon militaire. tion in price. If this should be the case, how is it! of cotton. Independent of the fact that every buypossible for us to pay the present high price for er through whose hands it may pass, will suffer loss bagging? or how is it possible for us to meet our by the insufficiency of cotton for this purpose, our engagements? At the present reduced price of ship owners usually make a great difference in cotton, we can do no more than pay taxes and sup- of the hemp bagging, admit of being compressed, freight between packages which, from the strength port our families, and with this (were the country and those whose cotton covering will not allow presout of debt,) we ought, probably to be satisfied. If sure sufficient to make common stowage, to say cotton is to continue at 8 cents, (and really there is nothing of the anti-commercial spirit (more especievery prospect of its being still lower,) ought we not to rely on our own resources as much as possi-ing every thing within the bounds of one's own ally as between neighbouring states) of manufacturble? Ought we not to endeavour to live within ourselves, and purchase as sparingly as possible of articles not the growth or manufacture of our own state? But to return to the subject of bagging. The above betrays such ignorance of the subject There is another reason why this article must rule of which "Cotton Planter" treated, that we think it high. By the operation of the tariff, the Scotch but justice to the writer, to the public, and to ourbagging is nearly excluded from our market, and selves, to give it a proper notice. The editor seems we are forced to rely on the friends of that mea- to have assumed as a fact, that bagging manufactursure (our neighbours in Kentucky,) exclusively, for ed from cotton is not so strong as the hemp, and our supplies. They may put what price they please that there would be a loss to the purchaser, shipper, on it, and we must pay it, so long as they know we and to every person through whose hands the cotcannot be supplied through other channels. Hence ton must pass, if covered with cotton bagging.we find speculators from, that state buying up the There is no person in the least acquainted with the article at the enormous price of 26 cents per yard, subject, who will admit the truth of this assertion, and with a reasonable hope, too, of realizing from we appeal to the experience of those who have tried four to six cents per yard. It may be said, the time both-and we do it with a confidence that they will has been when we paid 40 cents, and without mur- unequivocally agree in opinion, that the bagging mamuring: true-but we then sold our cotton for 30 nufactured from cotton, has a decided preference, in and 32 cents per pound. The bagging then cost point of strength over Scotch bagging, manufactured nothing, but now, if we buy it at 20 cents per ib. from hemp. But admitting, for the sake of arguequal to 30 cents per yard,) and sell at eight cents, ment, that it is not so strong, does it follow that the requires no arithmetician to tell, that we lose con- cotton bales covered with it, could not be repressed, siderably by the operation. and would have to pay a higher freight? By no means: to admit this, would be to allow that the repressed cotton was retained in its position by the strength of the bagging alone; whereas every person at all acquainted with the subject, knows full well that no reliance is placed in the bagging for this purpose. To admit the contrary would be to admit also, that the cordage has no agency in the business, and is consequently of no use, and that the twine, with which the bales are sewed, would be amply sufficient to supply its place. If the New The employment of Cotton for Cotton Bagging, and of Slaves in the South, for the Manufacture of Coarse Cottons, &c. [Here is a new subject for the consideration of our southern friends. The increase in the growth of their great staple, has so far exceeded the demand, that those engaged in it must now abandon it for something else (heaven knows what,) or some new source of demand must be created, to keep pace with the augmented and augmenting production. It has been proposed to increase that demand in a degree, by using cotton in the manufacture of the bagging and cordage with which the cotton is pack ed up for foreign markets, in lieu of the hempen bagging, now obtained at a high price at home, or yet higher price for that which is made abroad: higher, because of the tax imposed on the foreign, for the protection of the domestic article. a The increased demand which may arise in this way, may not be very considerable in itself, but "every little makes a mickle:" and when the planter of cotton and the sower of grain, has to encounter so many outgoings and exactions, it behoves him to cast about earnestly and constantly to stop the smallest hole of expenditure. It is supposed that coarse, thick cottons, or cottons mixed with wool, may be used too, for winter clothing. it Is there no remedy for this evil? I answer yes! and one, that is within the grasp of almost every planter. Let us unite in a determination to manu facture our bagging out of our inferior cotton. It is but to make the experiment, and success will, I am sure, follow. Independent of the saving in the cost of our bagging, we would be adding to the con sumption of the raw material; and in this way conThat all these fabricks may be made, emphatical-tribute something to the enhancement of its value, ly, at home—that is, in the Southern states, by slave by bringing the growth and consumption nearer on ver, to be highly manured, laying it on as fine as Total value of every description of cotton goods annually manufactured in Great Britain, If there was any well grounded cause of com- to pur 19,000,000 15,000,000 4,000,000 136,000,000 8,000,000 136,000,000 The capital employed may be estimated as follows: Capital employed in the purchase of the raw mateCapital employed in payment of wages, Capital invested in spinning mills, power and hand looms, work shops, warehouses, &c. GREAT CROP OF RUTA BAGA IN VIR- rial, 19,000,000 19,000,000 $7,000,000 165,000,000 It has been suggested, that the hooks used by the crews of the steam boats, in loading and unloading, would probably do more injury to the cotton bag FRIEND J. S. SKINNER, Baltimore, 9th Mo. 4, 1827. ging than to the hemp. The most we can admit on John Darby, a respectable citizen of Richmond this point is, (and this has not been tested by expe- county, Va. has written me on the 20th ult. informrience) that the Kentucky bagging would, proba-ing that he, the last season, had reared 750 bushels bly, be less liable to damage from this cause. But of the ruta baga or Swedish turnip, upon one acre of there is no doubt the cotton bagging would sustain land;-and from the well known veracity of the said less than the Scotch. Taking, therefore, one thing Darby, there is no doubt of the fact, which is very en with another, from all we know, and from the in-couraging indeed-and I think that many of the formation we derive from others, we are clearly of failures in the culture of this crop are owing to negopinion, that bagging can be manufactured from lect at some stage or other in their growth, for cotton, to answer all the purposes of hemp bag- most kinds of vegetables require rich soil, and care-ving the quality of Upland cotton in the state of ging, and that ere long it will supply the place of ful and frequent cultivation to insure a profitable Scotch bagging in the southern markets. As to the return. Thy friend, anti-commercial spirit which the New York editor believes will grow out of the course proposed by Cotton Planter, he cannot readily admit; on the contrary it will be to promote commerce between the cotton growers of the Mississippi and the manu ROBT. SINCLAIR. INQUIRIES, PREMIUM FOR COTTON. The merchants of Savannah desirous of improGeorgia, hereby offer a premium of $50 for the best wagon load of Upland cotton, of not less than eight bales-$30 for the second best load, of not less than eight bales-and $20 for the third best load, of not less than eight bales-the growth and property of the person sending the same--to be exhibited. The exhibition will take place in the city of Savannah, facturers of the east-what the west fail to sup-As to the advantage of a certain rotation of crops on the 10th day of December next, in front of Mr. own. HEMP IN RUSSIA. therein stated-by a young farmer. ply in hemp bagging will be made up by the Atlan- If the planters generally in the country favour this PROSPECT OF CROPS. Mount Prospect, N. C. Sept. 17, 1827. destructive gusts of wind and rain on the 25th and "We experienced one of the most severe and 26th ult. that has happened in these parts for many years. The injury done to corn crops on the high lands is not material, only the injury done the blades, which will cause fodder to be scarce; but in the low lands of the rivers and creeks, the damage is very considerable. Our cotton crops are very ordinary-not more than half what was expected by the farmers." HORTICULTURE. THE VINE. Linnæan Botanic Garden, near New York, Į J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. forded us ample opportunity for observation, and wine properties of No. 2. This grape is from Vir ginia. The sample sent is very imperfect. We had hoped to be able to send you with the others, a specimen of the Bland, Virginia, or Powel grape, as it is known here, but have been disappointed. It is truly a desirable variety, with scarcely perceptible pulp, fine flavor, an abundant bearer, and perhaps the best calculated for the table of all the native kinds; but it is, at the same time unfortunately the least certain, being liable to mildew and blast when the season is not favorable. The opinion has been expressed, that the kinds proper to be sought for by us in this latitude, are I am sure, sir, you will agree with me, that in those cultivated in Hungary, and in the highest lathe establishment of vineyards, no one point is of titude, where grapes succeed, are under a mistaken so much import as the selection of those varieties idea, that the failure is to be attributed to the sebest suited by their nature and quality to their des- verity of our winters-but such is not strictly the tined localities. We must not, of course, take the case, though it is well in making a selection, to grapes of the south of France for the northern choose those most hardy. Many of the old import- Our nurseries contain several other native kinds States, nor should we take those of the north for ed varieties, with very little care, pass through our which we hope to see produce fruit the ensuing year. the southern States, if others offer more advantages. severest winters without injury, and on the return It is our desire to procure all other natives worthy The fact is, in forming new vineyards, even in of spring set fruit abundantly, but before the sum of cultivation, and disseminate them throughout our France, this is a nice point to be considered, and on mer is ended, become coated with thick mildew, country; in which attempt we solicit the assistance it mainly depends ultimate success. Of how much shrivel up, blight and decay. Within a few years of all who feel interested in the subject, and we will more import, then, must proper discrimination be many new kinds have been imported, and general-gladly reciprocate any transmissions of the kind.to a country new in this species of culture. Im-ly those of the hardier description-the luxuriant Our nurseries also contain a very considerable varipressed with these ideas, I have, in my "Short Trea-growth of which and endurance of frost, led us to ety of the fine European sorts, and others we are tise on Horticulture," now in the press, arranged hope for a result more fortunate than usual-some annually receiving, which are propagated for the the most celebrated European grapes under the such bore this season-but unluckily our expecta-supply of the cities and towns in the Union, and three following heads: tions and grapes were both blasted-which only pre- those persons resident in the country who deem sents another evidence, that it is the summer and their cultivation worthy an attempt. not the winter we have to contend with. With sentiments of respect, 1st. Grapes of Germany, Switzerland and the Borth of France. 2d. Grapes of middle France. Sd. Grapes of the south of France. In addition to which, I have particularly described 68 varieties of grapes in detail The samples we forward are numbered as follows: We remain your obedient servants, D. & C. LANDRETH. No. 1. Orwigsburg. As to the origin of this grape much has been said; for many years it has been OSAGE ORANGE AND JAPANESE APPLE. With this aid in making suitable selections, I viewed as a native of our country, but the researchLandreth's Nurseries, near Philadelphia, think our judicious horticulturists will not be at a es of Dr. Hulings, (to whom we are indebted for its MR. SKINNER, September, 1827. loss to discriminate. You are, no doubt, aware, as general introduction,) renders it doubtful; it has Dear Sir,-Accompanying this we have the pleawell as myself, of the great importance of another been traced for upwards of forty years in the pos- sure of forwarding you specimens of the fruit of the point, viz: accuracy as to the kind of grape named; session of a family who some years since resided Osage orange and of the Pyrus Japonica or Japafor it must have now become well known, that un-near Orwigsburg on the Schuylkill-but the question nese apple. The tree which produced the fruit first less this precaution is attended to, all the other ex-is yet undecided; though from its resemblance to named is a native of this country, and was reared ertions may prove futile. It has been my wish, in the grapes of Europe, and differing in the peculi from seed collected by Lewis and Clark, when on this little publication, to throw as much light on arities which mark our native kinds, we are inclined their western tour; it has been named "Mactura" in that subject as its limits would permit. to believe it an exotic; if so, time has perfectly ac- honor of Wm. Maclure, esq. of Philadelphia, by In addition to the subject of grapes, this publica-climated it, and rendered its bearing as sure as many our friend Thomas Nuttall, esq. professor of botany tion contains directions for the culture of almost of the natives, a lottery-like result, a mere solitary at Cambridge, from whose "Genera of North Ameevery species of fruit found in our gardens, and de- exception. It is without pulp certainly very palata rican plants" the following notice of it is extracted: scriptions of a number of varieties of each species.ble, and well calculated for the table. Dr. H. conClass Dioecia.-Order Tetrandria. In fact, sir, deeming such a compendium, mostly ga-siders it surpassed in excellence by few of those Maclura. (Bow-wood, Yellow-wood.) thered from personal observation, as much wanted, I imported. Masc. Ament? Fem. Calix none. have put this small work to press, hoping it might No. 2. Alexanders', Schuylkill Muscadine, or as Style 1, filiform, villous. Germs numerous, coaprove acceptable to the publick, as a prelude to my it is sometimes but very erroneously termed Cape of lescing into a compound globose berry of many general publication on "American Horticulture," Good Hope grape-dark purple, pulpy, not calcula- cells; cells 1-seeded. Seed obovate, compressed. and the expense will be so trifling as to be no object ted for eating, an abundant bearer, and has the re- A small lactescent tree, producing wood similar to to any one. putation of an excellent wine grape. It was dis- Fustic; leaves alternate, entire, destitute of stipuYours, most respectfully, covered upwards of fifty years ago on the Schuyl-les, furnished with superaxillary simple spines; kill by James Alexander, at that time gardener to aments axillary; berry verrucose and large, at first John Penn, and by him cultivated and brought into lactescent, yellow. A genus proximately allied to Broussonetia; and belonging to the Natural Order URTICE. WM. PRINCE. notice. NATIVE GRAPE. No. 3. Catawba. This grape we received several Landreth's Nurseries, near Philadelphia, years since from John Adlum, esq. of Georgetown, J. S. SKINNER, Esq. September 20, 1827. D. C. by whom it is very extensively cultivated for Sir,-Aware of the great interest you have evin-wine, and very favorably thought of for that purced, in every thing appertaining to the agriculture and horticulture of our country, we do ourselves the pleasure of transmitting you samples of the fruit of some of the native grapes cultivated in our nurseries. Much has of late been written and said on the culture of the vine, and endless speculations exist, as to the ultimate success. Some have contended and still contend, that our climate is perfectly ap plicable for the culture of the fine grapes of Europe, and all that is requisite for success, is a little experience on the subject. Others who have seen the failure of attempts to cultivate them with certainty, under any circumstances in our section of the country, (except in cities, where they are frequently brought to as fine perfection, as in the most favored clime of Europe,) have given up the further prosecution of the attempt, and turn their attention to those which have originated in this country. For upwards of forty years we have paid close attention to the subject, and our profession has af pose-colour that of copper, with some pulp; though Corolla none. M. aurantiaca. Obs. A spreading tree about 20 to 30 feet high, branches flexuous and terete. Leaves petiolated, oval, accuminated, very entire, apex mucronulate, upper surface smooth and shining, petiole and nerves on the under side somewhat hirsutely but No. 4. Elsenburgh. This is an improved chicken minutely pubescent; (petiole often nearly an inch grape, and in flavor closely resembles the Meunier long, leaf 2 to 3 inches long, and 1 and a half to or Miller-it is without pulp, and certainly worthy of 2 inches wide.) Male flowers unknown. Female culture for the table, it is originally from the town a globular ament, destitute of both calix and corolla. of that name in New Jersey, where it is highly es-Style 1 to each seed and germ of the compound teemed.* berry, filiform, near an inch long and villous. Ber No. 5. Izabella, closely resembling No. 2. of the ry nearly the size of an orange, axillary and subsesame colour, being rather more elongated, with sile, surface verrucose, partly tessellated with obsoless pulp and better flavor; it is considered a tole-lete calicine vertiges: pulp nearly as succulent as rable eating grape, and doubtless possesses all the that of an orange, sweetish and perhaps agreeable when fully ripe. *[On a visit to Salem in New Jersey, last spring, we were informed of the character of this grape by Dr. Rowan, a generous publick spirited citizen of that place-he gave us some roots, but unfortunately they were left at New Castle, and though recovered it was too late-the specimens of this grape, sent as above were particularly admired, by the friends for whose entertainment they, with the rest, were spread upon the editor's table.] Hab. "On the banks of the Little Missouri of Washita river, also near Natchitoches, and upon the banks of the Arkansa." Hunter and Dunbar's voyage.-The above account has been taken from living plants which were cultivated in the garden of Mr. Shoutou at St. Louis, Louisiana. The wood is very heavy, and of a Saffron yellow; the bark as in Broussonetia affords a fine white flax. AMERICAN FARMER. SPORTING OLIO. Were it not for the particular description of mo- of opinion that this plan is perfectly practicable, played with it till he is tired: the younger begs for rus tinctoria given by Sloane in his History of Jamai- and if so, it requires no argument to prove its im the use of it, the elder peremptorily refuses. The [SEPT. 28, 1827. ca, vol. 2, p. 3, we should from the corresponding portance." Now, sir, as it regards the engineers, nurse persuades; she complains, urges, and remonhabit have almost been induced to consider it, to- am willing to believe that A Philadelphian misun-strates, till she obtains a reluctant consent: or, if gether with two other undescribed species, as form-derstood them; it must have been the river Severn, not, seizes the cart, and gives it to the younger. ing part of the present genus. tinctoria, adds Sloane, "stands on a foot stalk, is as of this, but that a canal could be cut, and made within the elder child violated. It is true, he was unkind "The fruit" of morus from which there is no doubt in the mind of the writer Here the law of justice is broken: and the rights of large as a nutmeg and round, having its acini like the distance of twenty-four miles or less, between and unobliging; but the cart and the cake were his the other mulberries, of a greenish colour, both with- the waters of the Severn river, and the Eastern own; and by taking them from him, without his free out and within the pulp, there are in it some flat Branch, a creek of the Potomac river, and at a ve-and full consent, we shall not teach him generosity, brown small seeds, like linseed, and before the fruit ry small expense. comes to be ripe 'tis milky and not pleasant; but the state of Maryland, that it has not long since I mention this to the shame of but injustice. when come to maturity, it is pleasant to the taste, been done although very lusciously sweet." This species also would commence on the Severn river, a small disThe rout of this contemplated canal becomes a tree "60 feet or more high." direct course, (crossing the two Patuxent branches tance below the Indian Landing, and run almost a by aqueducts,) to the farm or residence of John C. Herbert, Esq. in Prince George's county, a distance the Cape colonists by the name of the tiger; but is, of little more than twelve miles, if that, with scarce-in fact, the real leopard, the felis jubata of naturalThe leopard of Southern Africa is known among ly an obstacle in the way, when speaking of canals, ists, well known for the beauty of its shape and and of the importance of the one herein contem spotted skin, and the treachery and fierceness of its plated; then from Mr. Herbert's farm to the waters disposition. The animal called the leopard (luiof the Eastern Branch, and the whole of the paard) by the Cape Dutch boors, is a species of the ground between there and the Eastern Branch, very panther, and is inferior to the real leopard both in easy to cut, the distance about the same as the first, size and beauty. Both of them are dreaded in the and the cost would be much less. The supply of mountainous districts on account of the ravages water would be from the branches of the Patuxent, which they occasionally commit among the flocks, and the north east branch of the Eastern Branch of and on the young cattle and horses in the breeding the Potomac. ANNE ARUNDEL. season. The South African panther is a cowardly animal, and, like the hyæna, flies from the face of man. The leopard also, though his low half smothered growl is frequently heard by night, as he prowls like an evil spirit around the cottage of the LEOPARD HUNTING. At the time the foregoing account was written, it is believed no tree of the kind had borne fruit east of the Ohio. The largest in our collection is now about 20 feet high, and is truly a most ornamental tree. The leaves are of a dark green, very glossy, and retain their verdure long after most trees have shed their foliage. It annually abounds in fruit, but none have yet arrived at perfection; these which we send measure near 9 inches in circumference. As regards its dyeing properties we are not aware that any particular experiments have been made, though it is said to produce as fine a colour as the fustic. It is however our intention to present some of the wood and roots to one of our chemists, to test its properties in that respect, which from the high colour of the wood when cut, and particularly of the roots, we are inclined to think will result favourably-should it do so, it certainly will in time supersede the importation of fustic, and therefore (From Hints for Improvement of Early Education and kraal, will seldom or never attack mankind (children prove of real utility to the country. It is perfectly hardy in this latitude, even to the extremity of the branches, increased with tolerable ease from cuttings, and therefore its cultivation on a large scale practicable. D. & C. LANDRETH. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. Nursery Discipline.) excepted) unless previously assailed or exasperated. all good government." It is necessary diligently to an easy prey to the shot of the huntsman. The "Impartiality is the life of justice, as justice is of stinctively betakes himself to a tree, when he falls When hunted, as he usually is with dogs, he inThe Pyrus Japonica or Japanese apple is purely and invariably to act upon them ourselves. We and intrepidity to the lion, is yet an extraordinary enforce upon children principles of strict justice, leopard, however, though far inferior in strength ornamental. We have two varieties-one (of which must have no partialities, but give to every one his active and furious animal; and when driven to exthe present are the fruit,) producing an abundance due: to the elder as much as to the younger, (in tremity, proves himself occasionally an antagonist of flowers, of the most beautiful scarlet-the other this a deficiency may often be observed;) to the unat-not to be trifled with. The colonists relate many a light blush. The formation of the flower is that of tractive as well as to the more pleasing; each ac-instances of arduous and even fatal encounters with the apple or pear, but its peculiar beauty and desi-cording to his deserts, and not according to his own the hunted leopard. The following is one of these adrable quality, is in its early bloom, being frequent particular feelings. ly tully expanded when vegetation is scarcely ap- sions are to be regulated not by the person, but by 1822, as described by one of the two individuals so On every occasion our deci-ventures, which occurred in a frontier district in parent in any thing around it. It is likewise hardy, the cause. enduring extreme cold unprotected and uninjured of children; remembering that their feelings are hunting the bartebeest, (antelope bubalis,) fell in We are not to infringe upon the rights perilously engaged in it. Two boors returning from The fruit now forwarded, is the first we have ever a counterpart of our own, and that human nature is with a leopard in a mountain ravine, and immediseen; though possibly it may have borne before, and the same at every age. It is, therefore, a great, ately gave chase to him. The animal at first endeathough very fragrant, does not appear edible. Yours most respectfully, though very common error, to suppose, that, be cause they are placed under our power, we are not being hotly pressed, and slightly wounded by a voured to escape by clambering up a precipice; but bound by the same laws of justice and honour, in musket ball, he turned upon his pursuers with that our dealings with them, as with our equals. It is a frantic ferocity which on such emergencies he frewell known remark "that the greatest respect is due quently displays, and springing upon the man who to children;" and this is especially to be manifested had fired at him, tore him from his horse to the in a conscientious regard to their just and natural ground, biting him at the same time very severely (From the Maryland Gazette) claims. We should hold their little property as in the shoulder, and tearing his face and arms with Mr. GREEN,-I saw in your paper of the 6th inst. same principle in their conduct towards each other: bis comrade, (he was, if I mistake not, his brother,) more sacred than our own; and insist upon the his talons. The other hunter seeing the danger of a piece signed A Philadelphian, taken from Poul- not allowing one child to use the play things of his sprung from his horse, and attempted to shoot the son's American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, of brother, especially in his absence, without his ex leopard through the head; but whether owing to the 20th of August last, addressed to the Hon. press consent; teaching them the true import of trepidation, or the fear of wounding his friend, or James Barbour, Secretary of War, wherein A Phi- "thine and mine," and making it a point of honour the sudden motions of the animal, he unfortunately ladelphian says, "A canal cut from either Annapo- to consider the rights of others, as they would their missed. The leopard, abando..ing his prostrate enelis, South or West rivers, to W shington, will not in any event exceed thirty miles." Now as to the distance mentioned, there may be some truth in it, that before the boor could stab him with his hunting tagonist; and so fierce and sudden was his onset, my, darted with redoubled fury upon this second anbut I doubt it, nor do I think it practicable to cut a knife, he had struck him in the eyes with his claws, canal from any of the above mentioned places to and torn the scalp over his forehead. In this frightthe city of Washington within the distance of thirtyful condition, the hunter grappled with the raging eight or forty miles, unless at an enormous expense, beast; and struggling for life, they rolled together such as the United States will never do, and that down a steep declivity. All this passed so rapidly, the state of Maryland is not able to do. it be of much use to either of the places mentioned, from the confusion in which his feline foe had left Nor would that the other boor had scarcely time to recover for the rout would be of so tedious a nature, that it him, to seize his gun, and rush forward to aid his would be worse than that of the Potomac, as men comrade, when he beheld them rolling together tioned by A Philadelphian. He goes further and down the steep bank in mortal conflict. In a few says, "I do know that distinguished engineers are moments he was at the bottom with them, but too own. this is a very frequent mistake. One of them, for Children ought not to be obliged to give and lend: example, is eating a cake, and the infant cries for it: the nurse begs for a piece in vain; and irritated by the unkindness of the one, and the cries of the other, she hastily breaks the cake, and gratifies the desire of the younger, by seizing the property of ger is excited towards his oppressor; and his kind the elder. The latter feels himself injured; his anfeelings towards his brother impaired: whilst the former is strengthened in the idea, that, by crying and impatience, he shall obtain the gratification of his wishes. Or, an elder child has a cart; he has |