which might be done during rainy weather, if my Whether it would be the cheapest for me to buy A FARMER. five years, when general attention has been turned to that ready money article. The following data are given, in order to form an idea of the funds necessary to commence a plantation-one of about 10,000 plants is considered a snug manageable concern-however, the extent must, of course, depend upon the will and ability of the undertaker, and the time he may be willing to dedicate. potatoes, turnips, with all other fruits and grains, by weight, rather than by measure. Every one to whom this idea has, or may occur, will at once see the utility of this manner of trading in grain, and without hesitation, will concur with me in wishing that, by some means, either legislative or otherwise, it might be brought into general use. Though the sellers of grain may refuse to sanction it, yet they cannot deny the fairness of the principle, and all buyers will at once see that it will be for their own Estimate first year-1000 plants will cost from advantage. Grain may, indeed, in some degree, be 30 to 50 dollars, and will require, when ready to SMITH'S COTTON PLANTER AND CULTIjudged of by its appearance and feel, yet the more inoculate, say at the expiration of 18 or 20 months, VATOR. accurate criterion from which to judge, must, évi25 lbs. of seed, or the living animal, averaging from Columbia co Georgia. dently, be its weight; since the quantity of flour, Dear Sir,-In the Farmer, of the 20th of July, cts. per thousand, one mercate, or twenty fathoms, $1 50 to $3 per lb. 10,000 cartouches will cost 371 which any grains whatever, are capable of producing, depends upon their weight. Besides this, Mr. F. H. Smith, in speaking of his cotton planter, say 120 feet superficial or land measure of ground, the bulk of corn and other grains is materially al' wishes the southern planter who would wish to pro-will be required for the above number of plants, cure the machine against the next spring, to give im- which can be had in that proportion at one dollar tered by every change in the moisture and dryness of the atmosphere, which in large quantities often mediate information. I should be glad to know per year, indeed the richest land, as it respects value, makes a considerable difference in the measure. To whether the cultivator can be worked to an advantage is merely nominal: to fence this in, which is indisin land cleared of all other impediments but stumps.pensably necessary, as cattle of every description I am, dear sir, MR. SKINNER, Yours in earnest, A SOUTHERN PLANTER. HORTICULTURE. (From the Philadelphia Price Current.) be sure the weight of the grain is also altered by are excessively fond of the plant, and ever prone to trespass-the mud fence will cost 25 cents the square of 5 feet long, 2 feet broad, and 12 feet thick, which is tiled on the top to guard against the rain. The other mode of fencing is by planting suckers of a tree something like our ash, which in time has a beautiful appearance, but at first presents a feeble resistance to the hungry marauder. The ground is turned over with a hoe; the common wages at 25 cents per day for laborers; six men can weed and clean 1000 feet in two days, which will be necessary four times a year; six women are required two days to apply the cartouches, or inoculate 1000 plants. 25 pounds of seed is expected to produce 250 lbs. of cochineal, or gives 10 lb. for 1. PLANTING--The ground being prepared with a If now, this grain be again measured by another, or The nopal or cochineal plant, is of the species hoe as before stated, about from March to May, the even by the same person, and ten to one, if the mea-known in the West Indies as the prickly pear; it nopal is planted, and they are very particular in the sure is found the same, by several bushels, say four oval, and varies in size according to growth from regularity and straightness of their lines, which has or five; and the difference will be the greatest into 12 inches across; it is found in the wild state in about the 20th of May, and ceases generally the 15th d beautiful effect. The rainy season commences that which was emptied into the bags. This I know from experience. Weights are not liable to any of the vicinity of Zacapa, and on the plains, so called; the plant in the following manner:-A bamboo many parts, but that kind particularly abounds in of October; in November the animal is applied to these inaccuracies, and I will venture to say, that no one can point any, or any which will compare you see it 30 or 40 feet high, and, what is most sin-about the thickness of a common flute is cut off is 6 In Central America, the cultivation of the plant for producing the cochineal is almost confined to New and Old Guatemala, and that charming valley comprised between these earthly paradises. The at the joints; it is then cut in two, leaving a bottom to each section, thus: thorn. with these, in the practice of selling by weight In wood, from whence following the branches out, the gular, the trunk in process of time becomes a hard all the government contracts for grain in England, woody or hard quality gradually lessens, and, withthe grain is bought by weight, the weight per bushel in four or five feet of the extremity, the plant again being fixed at 57 pounds; yet, notwithstanding, it assumes its natural appearance and attributes of has never been introduced into private use. An adthe consistence of a cabbage stock, producing at ditional advantage is, that in fixing upon the stand-certain seasons a well flavored red fruit, much ards for weights and measures by the government, sought after by the natives, as also by the parrot About a large teaspoon full of the animal is put inthe necessity of providing a proper standard for a species of birds. The prickles on this tree are very to the cartouch, and by means of a hard black measure, (and I believe no good one can be prolong, tough, and sharp: the absence of the prickle thorn, something like that used by tobacconists, is vided) will be removed. I unintentionally omitted from that species which produces the cochineal, is stuck on to the plant; in a short time the seed is saying any thing concerning the inaccuracies of the great distinction. measure, with regard to fruit and such other subflour shaken sparingly out of a dredging box; it dispersed all over the plant, similar to specks of stances, as charcoal, &c. It is evident that here sheds its coat three times before coming to matumuch room is left for cheating and for disputes, rity, assuming then a black appearance—that is, from the circumstance of its requiring a heaped the appearance is black when the coat is shed, but picces of coal and the fruit. Here it is evident, range of the thermometer during ten months of the grey when at maturity. This plan is generally that great differences must exist from the different in November and December it sometimes falls to fragments of gauze, cloth, linen, &c. but the first is year, scarcely varies from 68° to 74° of Fahrenheit adopted, however, some apply the seed in small quantities which different persons may pile above 50°, and that seldom. The government aware of found the best. That applied in November, rethe top, as well as from the different size of the the importance of this new and important branch of quires 34 months to come to maturity; it being the substances measured. Having thus mentioned a few their commerce, allows its exportation free of duty, coldest time of the year, the thermometer being the of the advantages arising from this practice, if it in order to compete with Oaxaca, in Mexico, which, lowest, as before stated; that sown in February, rewas introduced, and hoping that by some means or quires about two months. The animal, when full other, it may be brought about, I content myself with having given the hint, which I hope some one crops are generally attempted-the latter, however, grown, is scraped off with a chip or feather. Two more able to do justice to so important a subject, has been found very precarious, as an early rain in will take up and treat as it deserves. JUSTITIA. May will blast the hopes of the cultivator. measure to allow for the interstices between the DEAR SIR, QUERY. for some time back, has supplied Europe with im- Zacapa, a large flourishing town in the department of Chiquimula, famous for the number of its fine mules, I have three men besides myself at work on my contains about 5000 inhabitants, the major part Indians, farm, and I have calculated that they can do all my situated on a sandy elevated bluff, whose base is washthreshing in the common way, this season, to worked by the majestic Motagua, ten leagues from Gualan, on stormy days only; but as I have other work to do, on the high road, and 42 from Guatemala, the capital. It cannot be supposed that each plant gives the tinctions. animal full grown, hence arises the following dis Grana, the full grown and first quality cochineal. Granilla, the cochineal not full grown when collected, or second quality. Cascarilla, the cochineal that is self dried, and that dies in the cartouch from injury in handling; 1st. By killing and drying it in an oven; this gives it the black appearance. 2d. By immersion in boiling hot water, and afterwards drying in the sun. 3d. By exposing the animal upon plates of tin to the sun. This process requires from 15 to 20 days, and gives it a beautiful silver grey. The cascarilla is generally very black and uneven; the granilla less black, smaller, and more even. (From the New-York Statesman.) ON THE WELD (OR MADDER OR WOAD) PLANT. of capital, where can a better return be realized? of fashion that in England, during the early part of The great advantage is, a mechanic can follow his the last century, drew such a wide line of demarcaavocations, the merchant can attend to his specula- tion between the nobility and fashion on the one tions, and have this animal working for him the hand, and the plain citizens on the other. This year round. This great source of riches is open to line still continues strong enough, but not so much our own citizens, who rank the first in the estima-so as formerly-and the different classes are, of tion of the Central republicans, and who invite us course, more blended together. There is nothing, with open arms to assist in developing the resources indeed, that tends more to keep up the broad artiof that charming country. ficial distinctions of society than extravagance of dress and equipage, which ought therefore to be discountenanced by every lover of republican institutions. Another change of fashion, productive of the best effects, is the disuse of the small sword as an article of dress. When swords were generally The weld plant, (resida Luteola) affords a fine worn, duels and bloodshed from sudden quarrels yellow, highly useful in the arts of dyeing and calico were far more frequent: for weapons being always printing, and for producing a beautiful yellow pig-at hand, disputes were often decided in a sanguinaPREPARATION FOR EXPORTATION.-The cochineal ment. Weld is used in England, and on the Eu-ry manner, before reflection had time to bring is, or ought to be, sifted and cleansed of all its im- ropean continent, for dyeing yellow, green, brown, about a reconciliation. For this wholesome change, purities. 150 lbs. are usually put into a cotton sack, and drab. The colour from this plant is not only it is said, we are indebted to Beau Nash. If so, the then enveloped in a mat, and covered with a hide. more beautiful and more permanent than from any world owes him eternal thanks. All classes of the The land carriage with a drove of mules is $2 50 other, but it imparts a softness to the goods which Romans, in the early and virtuous days of their reper ceroon to Gualan, 50 leagues from Guatemala, no other tingent matter does in the same degree. public, were remarkable for simplicity of costume; and from thence to Omoa $4, by the river Motagua, The beauty and permanency of the drabs and greens but when foreign conquest introduced luxury and a distance of 160 miles to its mouth, and from the imported from England and France, are to be sole- extravagance among the patricians and wealthy bar to Omoa 9 leagues. 1000 bales was the quan-ly attributed to the use of this plant. It is more citizens, it was soon followed by the extinction of tity exported last year, the greater part of which costly than many other yellow dyes, but its superi-liberty. It is a dangerous sympton, in any commufound its way to Cadiz, via Havana, in neutral bot-ority will always insure a very general consumption. nity, to see splendor of dress or equipage becomtoms. The expense of embaling is $2 75 per bale. The weld being a light and very bulky article, ing a great object of publick interest, and, as such, The foregoing estimate of productiveness is not the cost of transportation from Europe made it too a frequent subject of remark in the prints. What, often realized, and is subject to many casualties; dear for general consumption in this country. To for instance, can appear more anti-republican, and for instance, a heavy rain, which sometimes hap-remedy this defect, I imported seed in the years at the same time more ridiculous, than the accounts pens in the dry season, and generally accompanied 1824 and 5, and gave instructions in your paper, often contained in English papers of entertainments with large hail, leaves the plant clean; not a solitary under the signature of Hopson, for cultivating it.* given by the nobility? We there read of the spleninhabitant escapes, as they wash off easily, being As the plant is biennial, and the first crops were did manner in which Lord Trinket's mansion was exposed and not under cover. But the most insidi saved for seed, none of it has been brought into decorated for the occasion-my Lady Trinket was ous and active enemy is the worm; that fell market till this summer. In fact, I was afraid of a habited thus-then follows a long catalogue of jewdestroying animal is known to have cleared a whole total failure, from the want of experience in the cul- els, feathers, &c. &c.-my Lord wore a blue coat, plant in 24 hours; the distinguishing this marauder tivation, from the dryness of the seasons after each and Sir Insignificant Needle-made a brown one requires a practised acute eye. The cobweb is also seeding time, and from the plant not having been with white inexpressibles-and so on, to the end of injurious; but what contributes to lessen the profits acclimated. I have now the satisfaction of inform- the chapter. Should any Sir Insignificant in this essentially is the thievish propensity of the Indians, ing our dyers, calico printers, and the friends of country attempt to make the colour of his coat a who do all the labour in that quarter of the conti- domestic manufactures generally, that the weld matter of such importance, with what a general nent; however, strict attention will insure a propri- can be raised in this country in as great perfection burst of laughter would he be greeted! It is not as it is in France, where the best European plant only in economy, but also in elegance of dress, that The seed is prepared during the wet season; the is obtained, and much superior to the best English. the present age has improved. What ludicrous single nopal is cut off close to the stem, and is about This weld was raised by a Mr. Thomas, near Utica, caricatures, what sprawling, angular, and manythe size of a man's wrist; a hole is cut in it and sus-in this state, and I have never seen, from any coun-cornered figures do pictures of the fashionables of pended inoculated, and the animal is in a produc- try, a more beautiful plant. Queen Anne's reign present, compared with the tive state all the time, the temperature being the I have also obtained, from the same gentleman, less fantastically clad people of our own time.same. Another plan is adopted: A crib is made of about thirty pounds of ripe seed, the germinating Heaven preserve all future generations of the fair bamboo, and apartments made on the shelves large property of which has been tested with complete from the broad hoops and narrow stays of that peenough to admit the plant separate; being under success. riod: they fairly metamorphosed the wearers into cover of the corridor, the animal keeps breeding, wasps. One of the novels of that day tells of a and is protected from the rain. fashionable dame turning her hoop sideways to enThe nopal for breeding presents this appearance: ter a common sized door-way. What would the poor creature have done in a crowd? And then the fearful accidents that befel the head dresses of gentlemen, who wore artificial locks long enough to cover both their shoulders! They could not attempt to walk through a grove or near a hedge, without acting a burlesque upon the tragical end of Absalom. Full bottomed wigs were introduced by a dauphin of France, who wore one to conceal a deformity in his shoulder; and it is not improbable, years. Compared with the costume of past gene-that most of the ill proportioned peculiarities of rations, it possesses a simplicity truly republican. fashion originated from similar causes. In saying In the present day, any industrious person is able, this, we mean no reflection upon the mutton-leg when in publick, to present a genteel exterior; but, sleeves now worn by the fair, though we have heard in the days of laced coats, tinselled and plumed it asserted they were brought into use by an Engbeavers, full bottomed wigs, small swords, and gold and diamond buckles, gentility of appearance was confined to the rich or extravagant; and many, who could not in reality afford to bear the trappings of fashion, reduced themselves to beggary by aping the gorgeous display of their superiors in wealth. Cases of this kind are common enough now, but not so numerous as then. It was this costly style etor a lucrative return. -For hanging up. Those who feel interested in this new production, are invited to call and see the plant during this week, at No. 10 Gold-street, near Maiden-lane. WM. PARTRIDGE. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. FASHIONS OF DRESS. CRIB. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | It will appear to people of limited capital, that they cannot employ their funds better; and to men See American Farmer, vol. viii. page 27. lish countess, whose arm happens to be misshapen MR. SKINNER, SPORTING OLIO. BLOODED HORSES. could have been done for it. I am in hopes that mation concerning the pedigree of the blooded horses his labours will not be lost to the public. I am in in this country, so far as I could obtain them; and hopes that some person or persons will step forward requested particularly that of Capt. Haynie's celeand complete what Mr. Fields has left unfinished. brated mare, MARIA. She was bred by Mr. John I have read, for some time past, in your very va and George W. Jeffreys, of North Carolina, ought chased by Capt. Haynie, of said county; she was Such gentlemen as Capt. J. J. Harrison, of Virginia, Goodwin, late of Sumner county, Tennessee-purluable journal, frequent inquiries for fine blooded racing stock, to be communicated through your paper services to the public, to complete a work which all grand dam, by Wild Air. This mare ran with great to come forward without solicitation, and offer their sired by Old Diomed; her dam, by Bell Air; her It is a subject with which all breeders of fine horses are more or less concerned, and it ought to be the in-breeders of fine horses would be delighted with. I success in this country, and never was beaten whilst terest, or at least all persons that own fine blooded am confident that there are none better qualified here, although she contended with the best horses horses or mares ought to feel a deep interest in the for the task than those gentlemen. If such persons of that day, which could be got here; from one quarwelfare and utility of their stock, by communicating should withhold their services, what will become of ter to four mile heats. it to a person that is well qualified, and one who the blood and excellencies of those distinguished The next I shall now mention, is a mare raised wishes to put it in a lasting and desirable form. It horses which have been eminent in this country for by the subscriber. This mare is a beautiful iron has been the ardent wish of several persons of dis- half century. The people of this country do not grey, 15 hands high; sired by Pacolet; he by the im tinction of North Carolina and Virginia, to collect possess the same facilities of the Arabians in transported Citizen; her dam by Timoleon; he by Old all the pedigrees of the most distinguished race mitting the blood and excellencies of their fine Diomed; her grand dam by Spread Eagle. This horses and mares of any celebrity in the United horses to posterity pure and unsullied. Their atten- mare was trained and run at a two year old, three States, to embody them into a lasting and durable tion was confined to a few fine horses, and by that or four others starting, at Cairo, Sumner county, form, and publish them to the world, so that breed-means their horses were always good, and the pedi Tennessee; amongst which was the celebrated horse ers of fine stock might trace any particular stock to its proper and pure foundation. I cannot see the reason why some person that is well qualified for the task, has not stepped forward before this with proposals to publish a stud book. I am confident they cannot hold back with the excuse that there is not sufficient materials extant to justify such a publication. I am sure that they cannot complain that it a I Sir John, now Mons. Tonson-this race she won in handsome style, and it was pronounced by the best judges in the state, to be the best race that ever the best horses in the state; but in consequence of was run in the state: she afterwards beat some of not knowing how to train myself, I took her off the turf, and never started her more after she was three will give you the pedigrees of, but for fear of takyears old. I have many other valuable horses, that ing up too much of your useful journal at this time, will defer it to another number, assuring Captain Harrison, that I will with much pleasure contribute all in my power, toward so desirable an object, as that of a Stud Book; and there are but few countries, embracing no more territory, that can boast of more fine blooded horses, than three or four counties adjoining this: at the same time, would be glad if Capt. Harrison would publish in your paper, some general rules with regard to the method by him pursued in training horses. I am well aware that nothing like an undeviating rule could be prescribmore or less, from others; but the publication of geed, but that each separate case will have to vary, neral rules, would be of great service in this country, where we have many fine horses, and but few persons who know any thing of the method of training them for the turf. Excuse me for thus troubling you, and believe me, very respectfully, your obedient servant, A. BLEDSOE SHELBY. grees of their fine horses were handed down to posterity with little difficulty. The pedigrees of all fine horses ought to be systematically arranged and durable form. Look how nobly and high minded well authenticated, and embodied into a lasting and England has acted in reference to a stud book. It was not many years after this attention was confined had her racing calendar and stud book. It has I and bestowed on fine horses and racing, before she will not remunerate them for the trouble and expense. I am confident that every person that owns been nearly a century since the people of this counfine stock will hail, with joy, the hour that the pub-try began to bestow their attention towards fine lication issues from the press. It is my opinion that horses and racing. We have not even a book of it would be the most profitable publication that ever reference, nor a racing calendar. We have even to could come from the American press. I am confi- have recourse to their stud books for the pedigrees dent that such a publication would be more liberal- of all our fine horses, at least the pedigrees of their ly encouraged, and would circulate more extensively most distinguished horses. What will become of among the racing community than any publication the pedigrees and performances of those distin that could possibly be put forth. It is true that Mr. guished horses that have done honour to our country Fields, of Brunswick, Virginia, had, previous to his for a half century. Such horses as Sir Archy, Duroc, death, been assiduously employed for a number of Pacolet, Bedford, Citizen, and a host of others that years, in collecting materials for such a publication. could name, and their descendants, Tunoleon, It is much to be lamented that this truly worthy gen the justly celebrated horse Monsieur Tonson-the Sir Charles, Sir William, Contention, Arab, and tleman did not live to complete his valuable work. He was a gentleman of first rate education, and it finest, and without exception, the best race horse was acknowledged by all persons that he was as well in the United States-he possesses great beauty, qualified for the task as any person living-he was and as many good racing points as any horse living an amateur and a sportsman; he was passionately he ought to be prized higher than any horse living, on account of the distinct blood he possesses, from fond of the amusement, and looked upon it as an I amusement which every gentleman ought to be fond any other horse in the southern country. Say he of in a limited point of view-he looked upon it as ought to be prized higher by all the breeders and an amusement which even kings and princes had amateurs of the race in the southern country, than participated in-he wished to raise the amusement any horse living, because he possesses all the rare from the degraded state to which it had fallen, qualities of the race horse, and the distinct blood When racing was first introduced into this country, he possesses to cross their fine Diomed mares on. J. S. SKINNER, Esq. Northborough, July 25, 1827. it was confined to the lowest and most contemptible say, if the amateur and breeder of the race horse, Sir,--In your last Farmer, Mr. Harrison wishes part of the community. The degraded state in does not think that those justly celebrated horses for the pedigrees of Horses bred in this country; alwhich racing had fallen, prevented a great many are worthy of record, I then say that all breed-so of those imported. Enclosed is the pedigree of gentlemen of fortune and distinction from engaging pure horses will truly lament that the blood of Roman, he arrived at New York, from London, in it. But how different is the prospect at this time; those fine horses will be lost to them and to posterity. May, 1823. Yours, it is now confined to gentlemen of the first distinc-I hope the just celebrity of those superior animals that S. WILLIAMS. tion; and it is viewed, as an amusement from which I have named, will be a sufficient inducement for one Roman is a bay horse, with no white, foaled in good will result. It will have a tendency to improve or both of those gentlemen to come forward freely, England in 1815, and is bred as follows:--Got by and perpetuate their stock of horses. Look at the and without further solicitation, and present to the Camillus, dam by Eagle, grandam by Trumpator, great states of New York and Maryland-they are world a book which is so much wanted. I am con- great grandam by Highflyer, great great grandam making every exertion which lies in their power to fident that the amateur and breeder of the turf by Snap, out of Miss Cleveland by Regulus become the rivals of Virginia in point of first rate horse, would prize such a book higher than its millus was got by Hambletonian out of Faith; Hamhorses. In fact, they have been fully her equal in weight in gold. I hope that those persons that may bletonian was got by King Fergus, also sire of Bensome particular respects Look at the Western undertake to accomplish the work, will not be tardy ingbrough, dam by Highflyer, grandam by Matchem. Country, Tennessee and Kentucky-I allude prin- in furnishing a book that is so much wanted; and Hambletonian was never beaten, excepting once by cipally to Tennessee-see what rapid strides and think there cannot be much difficulty in procuring bolting; won the St. Leger against Beningbrough, great exertions she is making in the improvement of the materials, provided that all persons who own a the sire of Orville; and is supposed to have ran the her stock. I have no doubt she will surpass in fine mare or horse, would contribute his or their fastest four mile race ever run by an aged horse.a few years Virginia, as to her fine horses. Eng- mite. Faith was also the dam of Marcia and Vesta, each land, when in all her glory and splendour, could not of them the best mare of her year; she was got by boast of such horses as this country at the present a black horse called Pacolet, unknown excepting as period. But I have digressed from my subject. being her sire, never having been trained. Roman Had Mr Fields lived to complete the work, the rac has the only Camillus blood in this country probaing part of the community would have looked upon bly. Eagle was got by Volunteer, dam by Highflyit as a work which would have been void of defects; er, grandam by Engineer. Volunteer was got by and they would have considered that nothing more Eclipse out of the old Tartar mare, and was own ers of LAWRENCE. PEDIGREE OF MARIA. Desiory Spring (Tenn,) August 10th, 1827. J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. Some time previous to the death of Theo. Fields, 1 PEDIGREE OF ROMAN. Ca brother to Mercury, the sire of Gohanna. Eagle was confessedly the speediest horse of his time, and his own brother won the Derby. Trumpator was got by Conductor, dam by Squirrel. His blood is scarce in this country, and stands at least as high as any other in England He was the sire of Sorcerer and Penelope, the most celebrated modern stallion and brood mare. Highflyer's reputation as a stallion is well known; he was got by King Herod. His dam was got by Blank, grandam by Regulus, great grandam by Soreheels; Mark Anthony was her first foal. Snap was got by Snip, dam by Fox, grandam by Bay Bolton. Regulus was got by the Godolphin Arabian, dam by the Bald Galloway, grandam by Snake, great grandam by Old Hautboy. The pedigree of Miss Clevelands dam could be given if necessary This pedigree of Roman is faithfully extracted from the English books, where will be found an account of his performances. MISCELLANEOUS. DOMESTIC MANUFACTURES. Hope, Susquehanna co., Pa., August 19, 1827. J. S. SKINNER, ESQ. 2d. Two barrels of pork per family, or 1,000,000 bbls. at $8.00, and there shall be printed or written on one of the 8,000,000 outer pages of all pamphlets and magazines to be sent by mail, the number of sheets they contain; and 5,000,000 if such number shall not be truly stated, double postage shall be charged Sec. 6. And be it further enacted, That no Post12,500,000 master, or Assistant Postmaster, shall act as agent for lottery offices, or under any colour of purchase $40,500,000 or otherwise, vend lottery tickets; nor shall any Consequently, a home market to the amount of Postmaster receive, free of postage, or frank lottery more than forty millions would be created; and al- schemes, circulars, or tickets. For a violation of though I have put down higher prices than are now this provision, the person offending shall suffer a paid, it is more than probable that so great a de- penalty of fifty dollars. mand for eatables would raise them still higher, and Approved-2d March, 1827. that wheat would, in a few years, again sell at $10 per barrel, particularly as the foreign markets, such as they now are, would still remain open to us; the known laws of demand and supply warrant the conclusion. POST OFFICE. AN ACT amendatory of the act regulating the Post Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Postmaster-General be I am much surprised that so much opposition is authorized to allow to the Postmasters at the seve raised in the south against the protection of manu- ral distributing offices, a commission, not to exceed facturers in general, and the woollen manufacturers five per cent. on the amount of postage of letters and wool growers in particular; it being, in my hum and packets received for distribution. The allow ble opinion, as much the interest of the southernance to commence on the third of March, eighteen states to protect every description of national in hundred and twenty-five. Provided, that if the number of nails received at, and despatched from any dustry, as it is of the other states. such office, is not increased by the distributing system, then no allowance shall be made therefor, except where special provision is made. The great commerce which Great Britain carries on in every quarter of the globe, is mainly based upon her manufactures; for it is with them, and with them only, that she pays for the raw produce of all Sec. 2. And be it further enacted. That the Postother countries, China and the East Indies except-master-General be authorized to allow to each Post ed. Suppose her manufactures were suddenly pamaster, one cent for every letter received from any ralyzed, what means of payment would remain to ship or vessel mailed by him: Provided, his usual her? None; for even gold and silver she buys with commission, together with the allowance aforesaid, them. Now, since the experience of the past proves that we can undersell her in certain cotton goods, is it not probable that we may, in a short time, be equally successful in other articles, and if we increase our exports, will not our imports increase in raw materials, do we not effectually export the value of the wheat, beef, pork, &c. which have been consumed by the manufacturers? I shall not exceed the sum of two hundred dollars a year; and the letter carriers employed at post offices Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That no person, RATS! RATS! RATS! Trappe, Md. 26th August, 1827. EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN FARMER, Dear Sir,-Will you be so good as to permit me, through the columns of your useful paper, to ask its readers the nost simple and effectual method of destroying that pestiferous vermin commonly called rats. A READER. [No other reader will be better pleased to get the information, than the editor himself; for since the old houses opposite his dwelling were pulled down, and their foundations dug up, to give place to Barnum's splendid hotel, the rats that infested them have migrated across the street, and have truly become "very annoying."] RECIPES. FOR TOMATO KETCHUP-HALF A GALLON. As this is the season for making the best condiment for fish or steak that ever pantry was furnished with, I send the following recipe to the American Farmer: Take-a gallon of skinned tomatoes; 4 table spoonsful of salt; black pepper; 4 do. do half a spoonful alspice; 8 pods red pepper; S table spoonsful of mustard; vinegar, in a pewter basin, three or four hours, and the same ratio? If we give additional value to oured agents, shall set up any foot or horse post, for the articles ground fine and simmered slowly in sharp conveyance of letters and packets, upon any post then strained through a wire sieve and bottled close. road, which is or may be established as such by law; and every person who shall offend herein, shall int may be used in two weeks, but improves much cur a penalty of not exceeding fifty dollars for each by age. Those who like the article may add, after letter or packet so carried. the simmering is over and the ingredients someSec. 4. And be it further enacted, 'That the Commis- what cooled, two table spoonsful of the juice of garsioners of the Navy Board,the Adjutant General, Com-lic. So much vinegar is to be used as to have half a gallon of liquor when the process is over. To my missary General, Inspectors General, Quartermaster General. Paymaster General, the Secretary of the taste this is superior to any West India ketchup that Senate, Clerk of the House of Representatives, and have ever met with, and it is withal an excellent the Superintendant of the Patent Office, be author- remedy for dyspepsia. ized to frank, and to receive letter and packets by TO REMOVE SPOTS OF GREASE, PITCH, OR OIL, FROM post free of postage; and that no other persons or officers, excepting those enumerated herein, and in In a pint of spring water dissolve an ounce of pure the Act to "reduce into one the several acts estab-pearl ash, adding to the solution a lemon cut in lishing and regulating the Post Office Department," small slices. This being properly mixed and kept passed on the third day of March, eighteen hundred in a warm state for two days, the whole must be and twenty-five, shall be authorized to frank or to re-strained, and kept in a bottle for use. A little of ceive letters through the mail, free of postage. this liquid poured on the stained part, is said in It is self-evident, that the agriculture of the United States is languishing; it is also self-evident that we cannot, by any means in our power, prevail with the European governments to adopt, one and all, the principle of free trade, why then should we leave undone what is in our power to do? Our bread stuffs, beef and pork, will no longer sell abroad, and, therefore, circumstances require imperiously that we should create a home market for them. There are too many farmers in the country, and owing to the opposition arising out of such a state of things, all are crippled. There is too great a supply, and too little demand. The present population of the United States amounts, probably, to upwards of twelve millions, or at six souls to a family, to about two millions of families; and if onefourth part of this population, say 500,000 families, gained their living by working up our cotton, wool, iron, silk, copper, &c., a great home market would be created for agricultural produce of various de scriptions. The first point gamed would be di minution of the class of producers, and an augmen tation of the class of consumers; and to what would. the consumption amourt? Five hundred thousand families, of six souls each, depending for meat and drink entirely upon the farmers, would require1st. Five barrels of flour per family, or 2,500,000 bbls. at $6.00, COUSIN TABITHA. WOOLLEN CLOTHS. stantly to remove all spots of grease, pitch or oils; and the moment they disappear the cloth is to be washed in clear water. [Glasgow Mech. Mag. PLUMS, PEACHES, &c. HOW KEPT FRESH THROUGH THE YEAR. Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That one or more pieces of paper, mailed as a letter, and weigh ing one ounce, shall be charged with quadruple postage, and at the same rate should the weight be greater; and quadruple postage shall be charged on all packets containing four pieces of paper. Every printed pamphlet or magazine which contains more Beat well up together equal quantities of honey than twenty four pages on a royal sheet, or a sheet and spring water; pour it into an earthen vessel, put of less dimensions, shall be charged by the sheet; in the fruits all freshly gathered and cover them and small pamphlets, printed on a half or quarter quite close. When any of the fruit is taken out, sheet of royal, or less size, shall be charged with wash it in cold water, and it is fit for immediate $15,000,000 half the amount of postage charged on a full sheet; use. DAIRY SECRET. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, AUGUST 31, 1827. BALTIMORE PRICES CURRENT. Reported for the American Farmer, by Lewis Sutton & Co. TOBACCO Continues very nearly the same in prices, but is rather slow sale. Ohio, we think, is more heavy sale than Maryland, and lower in proportion to colours, Within a day or two there was an arrival from Ohio by way of New York. We have some small sales of Maryland common and seconds from Anne Arundel and Calvert counties, at $3.75 a 4.00, standard prices. Seconds, as in quality, $3.00 a 6.00-common crop, 3.50 a 4.00-Do. red, 4.50 a 4.75-good red, 5.00 a 6.00 foreign power, by raising or lowering the duty on speeches in the last Congress, on both sides of the Have ready two pans in boiling water; and on a particular article, the growth or manufacture of woollens bill; but we have now abandoned that inthe new milk coming to the dairy, take the hot our country; may make that culture, or manufactention, since what was then so ably said has been, pans out of the water, put the milk into one of ture, ruinous to-morrow, which is profitable to day. or will be superseded by more recent expositions; them and cover it with the other. This will occa Hence arises the necessity, we might say the neces and as we cannot afford to yield to the topick more sion great augmentation in the thickness and quali-sary evil, as government itself is, of submitting our than about a page per week, we must endeavour to ty of the cream. individual industry to be regulated by national le- give the newest lights. gislation. We call it a necessary evil; for surely the power is tremendous which enables any governThe want of a general stud book of Ameriment to turn the industry of the people from one can bred horses, is fully set forth by a valued corbranch of labour to another, at its pleasure. That respondent in this paper, and will be generally adpower, which enables those who exercise it, to say mitted. Until such a work can be given to the pubto any given class-we will so alter the existing lick, by a competent hand, and as a means, in fact, The next meeting of the Trustees of the Ma-laws that bear upon the products of your industry, of accelerating an object so much wanting, it will ryland Agricultural Society is appointed for next as to drive you, by starvation, from one occupation be well to preserve in the American Farmer, the Thursday, September 6, at the residence of Jacob to another; we will to-day relieve from taxation all pedigrees of celebrated horses, which are now scatHollingsworth, Esq., on Elkridge. that is consumed by the Farmer, and send forth tered through the country, and more liable every commerce, to bring on her expanded wings, the fa- day to be utterly lost-whereas, if they are once reDOMESTIC MANUFACTURES.-We have met the bricks of all nations and the luxuries of every clime. corded in the American Farmer, they will be saved wishes of one of our respectable correspondents, by Those who have hitherto earned a scanty subsis- for future use. They will all be there regularly ininserting in this number some remarks in favour of tence in manufactories, must now starve, or go seek dexed, and may be easily found by reference to protecting domestic manufactures. We have al- support at the handles of the plough, or on the bil-them for particular purposes, or collected in any reways belonged to that school, whose first prayer, on lows of the briny deep. Scarcely is the harvest gular work that may be put forth. every subject, is, "give us but light." Where ques-home, and the voyage consummated, than the same We have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt tions are involved in doubt, the doubt is never power which we call a necessary evil, may proclaim from an old sportsman, of nearly forty pedigrees, the cleared away by one sided discussions; and of all a change of views. They may enact that heavy record of which, will manifest the importance of questions, this infinite one, called in only two words, duties shall be laid on the manufactures of all other what we have stated, and induce gentlemen in eve"political economy," is to us, we frankly confess, the nations; and those who were toiling for bread in ry state to follow his example. We shall commence most perplexing. As regards national industry, and the midst of the fields and on the bosom of the publishing them in our next. that as connected with the agricultural prosperity ocean, must now go find it in villages, and towns, of the country, we should be glad to open our co and manufactories. We will levy a tax upon folumns for its elucidation, if we were not apprehen-reign fabricks that shall supply the place of skill, sive that when our readers had got to the end, if and industry, and experience. The large capitalist end there can be, to interminable discussions, it shall be, "according to law," secured of a large inwould be at last, but "confusion worse confounded." terest-competition will grow up, and that will beThe true question for the legislator and politician, get industry and skill, and moderate profits and it is true, viewed in the broadest and most proper moderate prices. sense, would be the best employment of national in- It would seem, then, that the power to regulate dustry as connected with national happiness; for duties on imports must necessarily, by every peowhatever policy most augments the happiness of the ple, be deputed to their government; unless that greatest number; or in other words, increases the people should resolve to shut themselves up from sum of national happiness, should be pursued whe- all intercourse with the rest of the world-or unless-Fine red, 7.00 a 8.00-Yellow and red, 7.00 a 10.00ther that end were best attained by promoting the they could once agree with foreign powers upon Yellow, 6.50 a 1.00-Fine Yellow, 15.00 a 20.00-Virwelfare of agriculturists, or any other class of peo-some unchangeable terms of commercial inter-ginia fine, 6.00 a 8.00-Rappahannock, (none)-Kenple. But it behoves us to confine the discussion to course; and in that way establish some unalterable what is immediately connected with practical agricul- system for themselves, over which they would deny FLOUR-super. Howard-st. $5.00-do. ordinary, city ture; for, to enlighten the publick in regard to that to their government all control. As, in our own mills, 4.50% 4.75-Susq. 4.25 a 4.50-super white wheat particular interest, is the leading and chief object of case, we have not utterly denied to Congress the family, 6 00-CORN MEAL, per bbl. 2.75 a 3.00-GRAIN, this journal. We confess, that it appears to us, to power of legislation on duties upon articles import white wheat, .9 a 1.00-red wheat, .75 a .85-ordinary, be almost impossible to lay down any general rules ed from abroad, and as they have the power to ex OATS, .20 a .25-CLOVER seed, 3.50 a 4.00-TIMOTHY, .60 a .75--CORN, (scarce,) .48 a .50-RYE, .40 a .50or system of political economy that will apply to ercise in that way, control over individual indus 3.00-FLAXSEED, .75 a 85-PEAS, .50-WHITE BEANS, the circumstances of all nations-and that to at-try and pursuits, the question arises, in what case 1.25-BARLEY, .70 a .75-COTTON, Virginia, 8 a.10 tempt it would be futile, unless by a power, if such and to what extent have they the constitutional and Upland, fair, .9 a 11-Louisiana, 11 a .13-North Cacould be created, having control of all nations. moral right to exercise that power. The power to rolina, .9 a. 10-Tennessee 91 a 104-Alabama.10 a.111 Then it might be practicable; because such power, use, does not confer the right to abuse. The ascen -WOOL, washed, .18 a .22-crossed blood, .22 a 24having such control, would establish and know the dancy which may be gained by one class in the na-half blood, .24 a .26-three-quarter do. .26 a .28-full exact relations of each nation towards all others, tional legislature, does not carry with it the right blood, .30 a .35. and might so adjust them as to augment the sum to starve and fleece another class, that its own may of universal happiness; such power would be act be clothed and fed. On the question how far such ing for the whole human family. But until we de-actual (constitutional or assumed,) power has been, Biographical Sketches of eminent Agriculturists, Mr. cide to shut ourselves up from all commerce with or is attempted to be exercised, (beneficially or Coke of Norfolk-Zoology, on the Study of the Animal the world, and live totally independent on any other otherwise, for the nation,) politicians entertain, ho-Kingdom, with reference to Agriculture-List of Prenation, how can we establish a system which shall nestly, different opinions. So far as these opinions 7th, 8th, and 9th of November next-On the propriety miums for the Easton Cattle Show and Fair, to be held remain, in its principles, or measures, forever fixed can be so expressed as to bear upon the practical of substituting Weights for Measures, in the selling of and invariable? Suppose, for example, we have in- interests of American agriculture, we leave a por Corn, Potatoes, Turnips, and other Fruits and Grainstercourse, and make exchanges more or less nume tion of our paper open for such expression, when in Query on the purchasing of a Threshing Machinerous and advantageous at this time, with half a moderate compass and prepared for this journal, Smith's Cotton Planter and Cultivator-On the Culture dozen powers, or communities, wholly foreign and or in reply to what may be published in it with a of the Cochineal, accompanied with Cuts-Wm. Partindependent on us. In twelve months hence, each view to convey or to procure information. It is a ridge on the Weld (or Madder or Woad) Plant, for Caof these foreign powers, by legislative enactments subject that directly concerns every practical far-lico Dying-On the present fashion in Dress, as comor decrees, make provisions essentially new and dif- mer in the Union; and we should hold ourselves pared with those of olden time-On the necessity of a ferent from what previously existed, in relation to delinquent in our duties, if we did not offer the Domestic Manufactures-An Act relating to the PostStud Book-Pedigree of Maria-Pedigree of Romanthe very articles that have heretofore been the ob- means of disseminating the best lights on the sub-Office-Rats, inquiry-Recipes, for Tomato Ketchup; jects of commercial exchange between us and ject. Let us repeat the wish that what is offered to remove spots of Grease, Pitch, or Oil, from Woolen them? Should we not have to make corresponding be of moderate length, of practical bearing on Cloths; Plus, Peaches, &c. how kept fresh through the alterations in our laws on these subjects? And does practical farmers, of good temper, and altogether year; Darry secret-Editorial remarks--Prices Current. not the policy which it had been supposed was fixed free from personal reflections upon statesmen and and easily regulated by fixed principles, thus, of politicians who are in the field. necessity, become variable and uncertain, depending on other nations? It cannot be denied, that a We had it in contemplation to have published with the views here expressed, some of the leading tucky, fine, 3.50 a 6.00--do. wrapping, 7.00 a 8.00. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Printed every Friday, at Five Dollars per annum, for JOHN S. SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tox, corner of St. Paul and Market-sts., where every description of Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed. |