4. PINT, (Low Lat.) pinta, (A.-S.) pynte, from pyndan, to hold. QUART, (Lat.) quartus, a fourth part of a gallon.

GALLON, (Low Lat.) galo, (Fr.) galon, a measure containing deux pots.

PECK from poke, (A.-S.) pocca, a sack; whence pocket. Also (Celtic); see chap VII. 8.

BUSHEL, (Low Lat.) busellus, the origin of which is not clear.

5. FIRKIN, (Ger.) vier, four, and kin is diminutive: cf. 'farthing.' KILDERKIN, (Dan.) kindeken; kind = child; meaning 'small barrel.' TIERCE, (Lat.) tres, the third part of a pipe.

CHAPTER XV.

TITLES.

EMPEROR, (Lat.) imperator.

EMPRESS, (Lat.) imperatrix.

KING, (A.-S.) cyning, from cunnan, to know.

QUEEN, (A.-S.) ge-wenian, 'to dwell with,' contracted cwanian.
NOBLE, (Lat.) nobilis.

PEER, (Lat.) par, equal.

LORD, (A.-S. and Lat.) hlaf, lofty, ortus, born; or (A.-S.) hlaford,

loaf-giver.

LADY, (A.-S.) hlaf, raised; ig, add; from eacan.

DUKE, (Lat.) dux, a leader.

MARQUIS, Lord of the 'Marches,' on the Welsh and Scotch borders.

EARL, (A.-S.) eorl, (Dan.) eorla, connected with er or ere, signifying priority.

COUNT, (Lat.) comes, a companion.

VISCOUNT, (Lat.) vice comes.

BARON, (A.-S.) beorgan, to fence or protect (with armour).-H. Tooke.

BARONET, diminutive of the preceding.

SIR, (Fr.) sieur, i. e. seigneur.

BISHOP, (Lat.) episcopus, (Gr.) ETLOKоTέw, to overlook.

CANON, (Gr.) Kávwv=a rule.

DEAN, (Lat.) decanus, (Gr.) déra=ten. Sees were divided at an

early period into 'tithings,' each of which comprised ten churches or parishes, placed under the government of a dean. PRIEST, (Lat.) presbyter, (Gr.) πpenßurepos, an elder.

CURATE, (Lat.) cura, one who hath the care or cure of souls.
DEACON, (Lat.) diaconus, (Gr.) diákovos, servant or minister.

PARSON, the persona, or chief individual, of a parish. Some take it from parochianus.

SEXTON, Corrupted from sacristan, the officer who looks after the accessories of worship.

CHANCELLOR,* (Lat.) cancellarius, a cancellis.

CONSTABLE, (Lat.) comes stabuli, count of the stable master of the

horse.

MARSHAL, (Dutch) mareschalk, q.d. magister caballorum master
of the horse; or mähre, a horse, and schalk, a servant.
ADMIRAL, (Arabic or Turkish) emir-al-bahr=lord of the sea.
KNIGHT, (Ger.) knecht.

ESQUIRE, i. e. scutiger, shield-bearer, (Lat.) scutum gerere, to carry the shield.

DAUPHIN, from Dauphiné, a province sold or given by Humbert, earl thereof, to Philip of Valois, on condition that the king's eldest son should hold it during the lifetime of his father.

CLERK, (Gr.) Kλñpos, a lot, because Matthias was chosen by lot; hence' clergy.'

SENESCHAL, (Lat.) senescallus=senior servus; scalc (A.-S.), servus. SHERIFF=shire-reeve; shire=county, reeve officer.

=

WOODREEVE- an officer who looks after the wood.

ABBOT, (Hebrew) Abba = father.

NABOB, (Hindoo) Nawab gentleman.

STEWARD = sted-ward = keeper of the place. Hence the name 'Stewart;' as 'Howard,' from hold-ward, or keeper of the hold. BEADLE, (A.-S.) bead, a prayer, from beodan, to pray, to cry: so beadle means 'crier.'

* The cancellarii were officers of a court of justice, who stood ad cancellos, at the railings, received the petitions of suitors, and acted as intermediaries between them and the judge. To them naturally fell the office of keeping the seal of the court-the distinctive feature of chancellors of modern times.Wedgewood.

BAILIFF, from vallum, a rampart: one who looks after the enclosure.

Other titles will be found under the chapters relating to MILitary and ECCLESIASTICAL TERMS.

CHAPTER XVI.

MILITARY TERMS.

ARSENAL, (It.) arce-navale, or naval citadel.

CADET, (Sp.) cadete, one who enlists without pay, expecting a commission.

COMMANDER, (Lat.) mandare, to entrust.

COMMODORE, (Sp.) comendador, i. e. commander.

CORPS, (Lat.) corpus, the body.

COMRADE, (Fr.) camerade, (Lat.) camera, a chamber.

GENERAL, (Lat.) genus; one who attends to general and not particular arrangement.

COLONEL, either from (Lat.) dux coloniæ; or columna, the column or pivot of the regiment; some say (It.) colonello, formerly coronel or crown captain, from (Lat.) corona.

MAJOR, (Lat.) major, greater.

CAPTAIN, (Lat.) caput, the head.

LIEUTENANT, (Fr.) lieu tenant, (Lat.) locum teners.

CORNET, (Lat.) cornu, a horn.

ENSIGN, (Lat.) insignia. Some say corrupted from ancient.

SERJEANT-AT-LAW, (Lat.) serviens.

Sergeant-at-arms, (Fr.) serriant, i.e. one who dresses or drills or

masses men. So we speak of serried ranks.

CORPORAL, (Lat.) corpus, a body.

PIONEER, (Sp.) peon, a foot soldier.

PRIVATE, (Lat.) privatus, an individual.

SENTINEL, (Fr.) sentinelle, (Lat.) sentire.

SOLDIER, (Lat.) solidus, pay.

SEPOY, (Pers.) sipahi, a soldier.

ARTILLERY, (Lat.) arcus and telum=bow and arrow; ry, suffix, implying collectiveness.

CAVALRY, (Lat.) caballus, a steed.

INFANTRY, the bodyguard of the Infanta of Spain.

GRENADIER, (Sp.) granada, a hollow globe of iron resembling a pomegranate.

DRAGOON, (Lat.) draconarii, standard-bearers of the dragon, at the period of the decline of the Roman empire. Some say from dragon, a species of carbine.

HUSSAR, (Hungarian) husz=twenty and ar=pay. Every twenty houses furnished one cavalry soldier.

ACCOUTREMENTS, (Fr.) accoutrer, formerly accoustrer, to equip with habiliments (ecclesiastical), (old Fr.) cousteur is the same as

custos.

ARMS, (Lat.) arma.

BAYONET, from Bayonne, the place of its first manufacture.
BAUDRICK, BALDRICK, also spelt bawdrick, a belt or girdle, (Fr.)

baudrier, to dress or curry leather; from (Low Lat.) baldringus, which Du Cange thinks to be 'the belt or ring of a bold man.' CANNON, (Lat.) canna, a hollow reed.

CARBINE, (Sp.) caraba, a guarda costa, or revenue cutter, the guns of which were small.

CARRONADE, a gun made at Loch Carron foundry, in Scotland.
CLAYMORE, (Gael) claideamh, a sword, and more, great.

CUIRASS, (Fr.) cuir, (Lat.) corium, leather.

CUTLASS, (Lat.) cultellus, a knife.

CHEVAUX DE FRISE, wooden horses of Friesland, first used at siege of Groningen, 1658, to check the Spanish cavalry.

The real origin of the designation is the confinement of the soldier on guard to a short path or beat, (Old Fr.) sente, a path. Sentinelle is a secondary derivation from sentine, and the name has been transferred to the man himself.-Wedgewood.

DAGGER, (Fr.) dague, (Low Lat.) dagga. Some derive it a Dacis.
DIRK, (Icelandic) daur, a sword, (Dan.) dorck, a short sword.
FALCHION ensis falcatus, (Lat.) fulx, a scythe, or cutter.
FASCINES, (Lat.) fascis, a bundle of sticks.

GRENADE, (Sp.) granada, a hollow globe of iron, so called from its likeness to a 'pomegranate.'

GUN, (A.-S.) gynian, to yawn, or gape; hence gin, a snare.
GABION, (It.) gabbia, (Lat.) cavea, a basket filled with earth.
HALBERD, (Swiss) halm=handle of an axe; and (Ger.) barte, a
broad axe : the word means 'a long-handled axe.'

HAUBERK, (A.-S.) hals, the neck, and beorgan, to protect.

HELMET, (A.-S.) helan, to cover: the helin, or the helmet, is the highest point of the armour, so the helm is the highest point

of the rudder.

MORION, a Maurorum usu; possibly from (A.-S.) myrran, to dissi

pate.

MORTAR, (Fr.) mortier, to bruise or pound.

MUSKET,* (Lat.) musca, a gnat : the ball stings like the bite of a gnat. PARTISAN, (Fr.) pertuiser; (Lat.) pertusum, pertundere, to beat

through.

PETARD, (Sp.) petardo, (Fr.) peter, (Lat.) pedere.

PISTOL, (It.) Pistoja, near Florence.

SABRE, (Ar.) seif, a sword, (Hung.) szafni, to cut.

SCIMITAR, (Turkish).

SHIELD, (A.-S.) scyldan, to protect.

SQUADRON, (Lat.), acies quadrata.

SPEAR, same as spar; (A.-S.) speare, a small dart.

SWORD, (A.-S.) warian, to guard.

STILETTO, (It.) dim. from (Lat.) stylus.

TARGET, dim. from targe, (Lat.) a tergo, because made of hides.

TRUMPET, (Lat.) triumphare=to triumph.

TUMBRIL, (Fr.) tombereau, (Low Lat.) tumberella, a cart or waggon. TROOP, (Lat.) turba.

AMBULANCE, (Lat.) ambuiare, to walk.

* (Mid. Lat.) muschetta, a bolt sped from a ballista; muschetta, from (Prov.) mosquet, a sparrow-hawk; (Dutch) musch, a sparrow.