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CHAPTER XXI
-
DISGRACE AND DEATH OF WOLSEY.-1529-1530.
Interview of the King with Wolsey at Grafton.-Unexpected departure of Cam-
peggio. The King's anger against the Legate.-The Dukes of Norfolk and
Suffolk sent to ask the Chancellor for the Seals of State.-The Minister's dis-
grace.-York House taken possession of in the King's name.-Banishment of
Wolsey. His letter to Henry. He is taken ill.-Bill of Impeachment presented
against Wolsey to the Commons.-Wolsey obtains permission from the King to
live at Richmond.-Wolsey at Newark.-Arrested at Cawood by the Earl of
Northumberland.-Arrival of Sir W. Kingston, Constable of the Tower.—
Wolsey starts for London.-Is taken ill and dies at Leicester.-His last moments.
His character.
P. 176
CHAPTER XXII.
MORE, LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR.-1530.
Birth of Sir Thomas More.-He enters the service of Chancellor Morton as page.—
His studies. Desires to quit the world.-Renounces his project of leading an
ascetic life and marries.-More in the House of Commons.-In the Service
of Henry VIII.-Succeeds Wolsey.-Cause of his success.-Interior life of the
Chancellor's family. Their domestic life.-Hans Holbein admitted into More's
family.-Chelsea.-The Minister's character and employment.
CHAPTER XXIII.
p. 187
THE UNIVERSITIES.-1530-1531.
Stephen Gardiner and Edward Fox meet Thomas Cranmer at Mr. Cressy's.-
Cranmer's early years.-Elected Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge: frequents
the Dolphin Hotel, and marries Jacqueline the Black, a servant at that establish-
ment. Enters Mr. Cressy's family as private Tutor.-His interview with Gardiner
and Fox.-Is noticed by Henry.-Received by the Earl of Wiltshire.-Writes in
favour of the Divorce, and is sent to Italy.-Coronation of Charles V.—Cranmer
at Rome. Nominated Grand Penitentiary of the three kingdoms by the Sovereign
Pontiff. The question of the Divorce laid before the Universities of Germany,
Italy, and France.-Means employed by Henry to gain them over to his cause.
-Cranmer marries Osiander's neice at Nuremberg.
CHAPTER XXIV.
p. 196
HENRY, HEAD OF THE CHURCH.-1530-1532.
Fisher denounces to the House of Peers the projects of the Aristocracy against the
Clergy. Rise of Cromwell.-His interview with the King. The Clergy con-
demned by the statute of Præmunire.—They acknowledge Henry as the Head of
the Church.-Tonstall protests against this title.-Message to Katharine.
Clement VII. writes to the King.-Henry's reply.-Abolition of the Annates.-A
fresh coup d'état against the Clergy.—Brief against Henry's cohabiting with Anne
Boleyn. More resigns his office as Chancellor.-Family scene at Chelsea. p. 206
CHAPTER XXV.
MARRIAGE OF ANNE BOLEYN.-1532-1533.
Plan for an interview between Henry and Francis.-Anne Boleyn desires to be
present thereat.-Created Marchioness of Pembroke.-Interview between the two
Sovereigns. Before separating, Henry pledges himself to abstain from every
act of hostility towards Rome.-Anne becomes enceinte.—A secret Marriage.—
Incidents. The Divorce proceeded with.-Cranmer nominated Archbishop of
Canterbury. He solicits and obtains the Bulls.-Curious phases in Cranmer's
Life. His oaths and perjury at the time of his consecration.
CHAPTER XXVI.
p. 217
DIVORCE AND CORONATION.-1533
Convocation of the National Clergy convened, who pronounce in favour of the
Divorce. The case tried before Cranmer at Dunstable.—Katharine summoned.
-Refuses to appear.-Is pronounced contumacious.-Sentence given by the
Primate. The Queen informed of it.-Behaviour of Katharine.-Ampthill.—
Coronation of Anne Boleyn.-Birth of Elizabeth.
CHAPTER XXVII.
· P. 224
SCHISM OF ENGLAND.-1533-1534.
Clement VII. annuls Cranmer's sentence.-The Duke of Norfolk sent to France to
persuade Francis to plunge his country into schism.-Motives for his conduct.—The
Pope arrives at Marseilles.-Henry has no accredited ambassador to meet His
Holiness. He appeals to a General Council.-Clement's patience.-New
encroachments on the authority of the Holy See.-Clement's definitive sentence.-
England separates from the Roman Communion.-Services rendered by Catho-
licism to England.-Death of Clement VII.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
p. 229
THE NUN OF KENT.-1534.
Visions and predictions of Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent.-More and Fisher's
opinion of her.-Examined before Cranmer and Cromwell.-Condemned and
executed.-Execution of some of her disciples.-Fisher accused of being one of
her accomplices.-Acquitted.—Again imprisoned with More for refusing the
Oath of Supremacy.-The alteration made by the King in the formula of the
oath.-Distrust and despotism.-The Pope's name officially erased from the
Prayer Book.
p. 236
CHAPTER XXIX.
THE CARTHUSIANS AND FISHER.-1535.
Resistance of a few of the Religious Houses to the Statute of Supremacy.—The
three Carthusian Priors.-Their heroic death.-Calumnies propagated against
those who had suffered.--Fisher at the Tower.-His letter to Cromwell -- Fisher
before his judges.-His last moments.-His execution.-Legend.-Appeal of
Paul III. to the Princes of Christendom.
CHAPTER XXX.
p. 242
MORE AT THE TOWER.- 1535.
More's first thoughts on entering the Tower.-His Commentary on the Psalms.—
Margaret permitted to see her father.-And why?-She endeavours to administer
the Oath of Supremacy to the prisoner.-Struggle between the daughter
and the father.-Triumph of the Christian.-Alice goes to see her husband.-
A fresh struggle.-Kingston.-Cromwell endeavours to overcome More, and
fails.-Mission of Rich, the Solicitor-General.
CHAPTER XXXI.
p. 249
EXECUTION OF MORE.-1535.
More appears before his Judges.-The indictinent read to him. His defence.--
Deposition of Rich.-More's reply.-The verdict.—Observations of the con-
demned.-Sentence pronounced by the Chancellor.-More taken back to prison.
-Margaret takes leave of her father.-More's letter to his children.-Pope
bids his old friend adieu.—More's execution.-The legend. His character. p. 255
CHAPTER XXXII.
DISSOLUTION OF THE MONASTERIES.-1536.
Character of the Religious Revolution in England.—Means employed to maintain
it-intimidation, interest, and falsehood.-First Reformation of the Religious
Houses under Wolsey.-The suppressing of the smaller Monasteries decided
on.-Accusations brought against the Monks.-Cromwell appointed Vicar-
General and Vice-gerent.-The Visitors.-Their Inquiry.-Dissolution of the
Monasteries.-Various incidents..
CHAPTER XXXIII.
p. 263
THE DEATH OF KATHARINE.-1536.
Buckden. Katharine requests permission to change her residence.-Sent to
Fotheringay Castle. Her interview with Henry's agents.-Katharine's distress.
-Kimbolton.-A new place of residence assigned to the Queen.-Fresh trials.
Death of Father Forrest.-Katharine taken dangerously ill.-Requests to see
Mary and is refused.-The Countess of Willoughby visits the Queen on her
death-bed.-Her last moments.-Her will.-Her funeral.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
p. 272
DISGRACE OF ANN BOLEYN.-1536.
Commission instituted to decide on the profligacy of Anne Boleyn.-The indict-
ment.-Anne in her interior.-Dispatch from the Ambassador Gontier to the
Admiral of France.-Arrest of Anne's accomplices. Her imprisonment in the
Tower.-Cranmer receives secret dispatches from Henry.-A letter from the
Primate to the King.-A scene at the Tower.-A letter from Anne Boleyn to
Henry.
p. 278
CHAPTER XXXV.
TRIAL AND EXECUTION OF ANNE BOLEYN.-1536.
The Grand Jury of Westminster.-Condemnation of Anne's accomplices.-
Commission to try the Queen.-The Earl of Wiltshire appointed Judge.-
Anne's conduct during the Trial.-The Verdict.-Execution of the Convicts.-
The Divorce between Anne and Henry pronounced by Cranmer.—Anne at the
Tower. Her Execution.-The King and Jane Seymour.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
p. 285
INSURRECTIONS.-1537.
Lady Kingston visits Mary, who wishes to be reconciled to her father.—The con-
fession which Henry requires from his daughter.-The Parliament convened.—
New statutes.-Insurrection in the northern counties.-Manifesto of the rebels.
Henry replies to it. The revolt is suppressed.-Henry violates his pledge.-
Executions.-Birth of Edward.—Death of Jane Seymour.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
p. 292
SPOLIATION OF THE MONASTERIES.
The Pope endeavours in vain to bring Henry back to the true faith.-The spolia-
tion of the Monasteries legalized by Parliament.-The larger monasteries.-The
great abbeys are confiscated.-Means employed for obtaining voluntary resigna-
tions. Sharing of the spoils.-The portions that fell to the king and his
courtiers.--Executions and murders.-War against the tombs.-The shrine of
Thomas Becket.-The Saint is summoned to appear before a court of justice,
and condemned.-Employment of the stolen property.-Montesquieu's opinion
on the spoliation of the religious establishments.
p. 299
CHAPTER XLVII.
NORFOLK.-1546-47.
The King on his death-bed.—His anguish of mind.-The Howards and Seymours.
-Conspiracy against Surrey and his father, the Duke of Norfolk.-Trial and
condemnation of Surrey.-Grief felt in London at his execution.-Norfolk
taken to the Tower and condemned to death. He attempts in vain to excite
Henry's pity. The King's death saves Norfolk from the scaffold.
CHAPTER XLVIII.
• p. 383
DEATH OF HENRY VIII.-1547.
Henry makes his Will.-Dispositions of the Monarch.-Account of his last
moments.-Edward VI. forbids any kind of mourning for his Father.-The
King's body exposed at Sion House and interred at Windsor.-A glance at the
Monarch's reign.—The Parliament.-The Reformation in England.
p. 389