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I
CONTENTS.
PREFACE
CHAPTER 1
REIGN OF HENRY THE SEVENTH.
The Earl of Richmond at Bosworth.-Battle of Bosworth.-The Earl of Richmond
proclaimed King, under the title of Henry VII.-Henry's claims to Royalty.—
Conduct of the Parliament.—Act of Heirship to the Crown.-Henry applies to
Innocent VIII. to obtain from the Holy See an act allowing the legality of his
claims to the throne of England.-The King's tour through the Island.—Insur-
rection in Yorkshire. Repression of the Insurrection.—Birth of Arthur, Prince
of Wales.-Appearance of the Pretender, Lambert Simnel.-His reception in
Ireland -He lands at Furness.-Battle at Stoke.-Lambert taken prisoner.—
The Star Chamber.-Taxes decreed by Parliament.-The Affairs of Brittany.
-Declaration of Peace at Etaples.-Perkin Warbeck puts in his claim to the
Crown of England. His designs defeated and his partizans put to death.-He
escapes from prison, is retaken, and put to death.-Execution of the Earl of
Warwick.—Marriage of Prince Arthur with Katharine of Arragon.-Death of
Arthur.-Bull of Julius II. authorizing the marriage of the Infanta with Henry
Prince of Wales.-Avarice of Henry VII.-The Prince of Wales protests against
his marriage with Katharine of Arragon.-Reasons for the protest.—Henry's
character.—His two ministers, Empson and Dudley.-Death of Henry VII.
CHAPTER II.
p. 1
CORONATION OF HENRY VIII.-1509-1511.
Accession of Henry VIII.-His character.-The Royal Family.-Henry's Ministers.
-Warham.-Fox. - Howard.-Ruthal. Herbert.- Poynings.-The King's
marriage. His letter to the Cardinal de la Rovére.-Coronation.—Alteration
of the oath of Henry.-Festivities at Westminster Hall.-Arrest and execu-
tion of Empson and Dudley.-The King's amusements. His favourites.-
Wolsey.-Literature in England at the time of Henry's accession.-Erasmus.—
-Thomas More.-Linacre.-Collet.-The Monks.-The King patronises
literature.
p. 23
CHAPTER III.
EUROPE AT THE ACCESSION OF HENRY VIII.-1509-1512.
Ambition of Venice.-Julius II. determined to reduce that Republic.-Defeat of the
Venetians. The Pope's plan to expel all Foreigners from Italy.-Julius unites
with Henry VIII. against Louis XII.-Designs of the King of England against
France. Dorset sent to Navarre.-Deceived by Ferdinand of Arragon.-The arms
of England unsuccessful at Land and Sea.-Naval Engagement off Brest.
CHAPTER IV.
p. 36
WAR WITH FRANCE.-1510-1512.
Henry continues to be deceived by his allies.-Letter from Leo X. to Henry,
soliciting him to enter into a league against France.-Preparations for War in
England. Henry lands at Calais.-Battle of the Spurs.-Siege and capture of
Tournai.-War with Scotland.-Battle of Flodden Field, and death of James IV.
-Skelton.-Katharine.
P. 44
CHAPTER V.
PEACE WITH FRANCE.-1513-1515.
Rome separates from the league.-Henry deserted by his allies.-Wolsey endeavours
to disconcert their plans.-Offers, through the medium of the Duke de Longueville,
the hand of the Princess Mary (sister to Henry VIII.) to Louis XII, King of
France. Their Marriage.-Death of Louis XII.-The Queen's return into
England. Her marriage with the Duke of Suffolk.-Wolsey nominated Arch-
bishop of York.-Legate a latere.-Lord High Chancellor.-Some of his acts.—
Erasmus' opinion of Wolsey.
p. 52
CHAPTER VI.
MARIGNAN.-1515-1517.
Accession of Francis I. to the throne of France.-His character. He prepares to
invade Italy. Schinner preaches a crusade in England against France.-England
refuses to listen to him.-Policy of Wolsey.-Treaty of alliance between England
and France.-Expedition of Francis I, into Italy.-Passage of the Alps.--Arrival
of the Swiss.-Battle of Marignan
p. 59
CHAPTER VII.
POLICY OF ENGLAND.-1515-1517.
Character of Wolsey.-Maximilian offers the Duchy of Milan to Henry.-His
reasons for refusing it.-The Emperor's plan.-Francis, on being informed of it,
sends Bonnivet to London.-Treaty between Francis and England.-Restoration
of Tournai.-By what means Francis obtained its restitution.-Conduct of
Wolsey
p. 65
CHAPTER VIII.
THE EMPIRE.-1519.
Death of Maximilian.-Candidates for the Empire.-Intrigues employed by Henry,
Charles, and Francis, to obtain the Imperial Crown.-Crafty conduct of the
English Sovereign.-Charles is elected. His character.-Opinion of Historians
on Henry's conduct during the election. Motives for that Monarch's dis-
- simulation.
p. 72
CHAPTER IX.
THE FIELD OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD.-1520.
Francis I. claims the execution of the treaty appointing an interview between the
two sovereigns.—Arrival of Charles V. in England. His present to Wolsey.—
Henry embarks for Calais.-The Field of the Cloth of Gold.-Conference between
the Kings of England and France.-Tournaments and Festivals.-Plans of Henry
and Wolsey.
p. 77
CHAPTER X.
THE EXECUTION OF BUCKINGHAM.-1521.
Buckingham at the Field of the Cloth of Gold.-Reasons for Wolsey's antipathy
to the Duke.-His boundless ambition.-His visits to the Carthusian Monk,
Hopkins. He 18 denounced, watched, and arrested.-Appears before his
judges at Westminster Hall, and is condemned to die on the scaffold.
CHAPTER XI.
p. 84
HENRY AND LUTHER.-1521.
Luther's revolt against Rome.-Henry determines to defend the Catholic Church.--
The Assertio Septem Sacramentorum.-An account of the work. The opinions
of Erasmus, Fisher, More, and other learned men on it.-Was it really written
by Henry VIII?-The Assertio presented by Clark to Leo X.-Henry's letter to
His Holiness.-The king has the title of "Defensor Fidei" conferred on him.—
How Henry testifies his gratitude to the Holy See.
CHAPTER XII.
. p. 88
LUTHER AND HENRY.-1521.-1522.
Luther replies to the King of England.-An account of the Monk's pamphlet.—
His insolent language to Henry.-Germany does not endeavour to repair the
insult offered to royalty in the person of the King of England.-Fisher and Sir
Thomas More undertake Henry's defence.-Character of their pamphlets.-
Luther begs Henry's pardon.-The King's reply.
CHAPTER XIII.
p. 96
INTRIGUES OF WOLSEY.-1521-1522.
Henry plans, under the guidance of Wolsey, a new invasion of France.-The
means adopted by him to violate his oath.-Wolsey goes to Calais to act as a
mediator between Francis and Charles.-Crafty conduct of the Minister.—The
Conference broken off and War declared.-Death of Leo X.-Wolsey's intrigues
to arrive at the Papal Chair.-Election of Adrian of Utrecht.
CHAPTER XIV.
p. 102
D
T
A NEW WAR WITH FRANCE.-1522-1524.
A new League against France.-Means employed by Wolsey to raise subsidies.—
Debates in the House of Commons, in which the Minister takes a part.-More
elected Speaker of the House of Commons.-Supports the project of the Crown.—
The subsidies voted.-Warham's opposition to Wolsey.-The Clergy.-Surrey
invades France, and after a campaign of a few months is obliged to re-embark.—
Death of Adrian VI.-Wolsey's intrigues to obtain the Tiara.-Literary foun-
dations at Oxford and Ipswich.
CHAPTER XV.
p. 110
0
a
TREATY OF THE DUKE OF BOURBON WITH ENGLAND.—1523-1524.
The Constable de Bourbon prepares to betray France.-He offers his services to
England. Henry instructs his ambassadors to treat with that Prince.-The
Constable takes the Oath of Allegiance to the King of England.-The allies
commence their operations against France. The perilous position of Paris.—
She is rescued.-The Constable besieges Marseilles.-Francis I. crosses the
Alps.-Battle of Rebec, where Bayard is mortally wounded.-Battle of Pavia.—
Francis taken prisoner.-England summons the Constable to invade France.-
Reasons which prevent the Duke's entry.-Anarchy prevails among the Con-
federates. Henry listens to the proposals of the Regent.-Peace with France.-
To what it is to be attributed.
p. 118
CHAPTER XVI.
ANNE BOLEYN.-1523-27.
Birth and family of Anne Boleyn.—Her childhood.—Selected as Maid of Honour
to accompany Mary, sister to Henry VIII., when she went to France.-
Anne, in the service of Queen Claude, and Margaret, Duchess of Alençon.
-Her character. She returns to England.-Her intention of marrying Sir
Thomas Percy.-Henry falls in love with her, and conceives the design of
U
Sir
of
separating from Katharine of Arragon.-The King's pretended remorse.-He
imparts his scruples to Wolsey.-The conduct of the Minister.-Katharine of
Arragon.
p. 132
CHAPTER XVII.
PROJECT OF THE DIVORCE.-1527.
An intrigue concerted between Henry and the Bishop of Tarbes against Katharine.
-The Queen learns that she has been betrayed.-Wolsey's share in the matter
of the Divorce.-The Minister sent to France. The pretext under which his exile
is coloured.-Wolsey deceived by the King.-Fails in his negotiation of marriage
with Margaret and Rénee.—Returns to England. His interview with Henry.-
The King's book on the question of the Divorce.-His letter to his Mistress.-
Did Anne yield her honour?-Expedients adopted by Wolsey.-The poet
Wyatt.
p. 140
CHAPTER XVIII.
THE SACKING OF ROME.-1527.
The Imperialists march on Rome.-Clement VII.—The Pope's alarm at the approach
of Bourbon.-The English urge him to defend himself.—Why?—The Constable
arrives under the walls of Rome, and encamps on Monte Mario.-Siege of the
city.—Death of Bourbon.-Sacking of Rome.--Behaviour of England towards
the Holy See-The Plague breaks out in Rome.-Clement capitulates.—He
flies to Orvieto.—In what way he revenges himself on his enemies.
CHAPTER XIX.
p. 146
THE DECRATAL.-1528.
Wolsey's fresh anxieties. He consults theologians and turns towards Rome.-His
agents with the Pope.-George Casale tries, but in vain, to bribe the Cardinal dei
Santi Quatri.—A double commission signed by Clement VII.-They do not give
satisfaction at London.-Intrigues recommence.-New agents sent to England.
-Edward Fox.-Gardiner.-Stafile.-The Decretal.-The Plague in England.-
Katharine, Henry, Anne Boleyn, and Wolsey, during the epidemic.-Letters from
Anne to the Chancellor.
P. 157
CHAPTER XX.
CAMPEGGIO-1528-1529.
Arrival of Campeggio in England.-His visit to the King and Queen.--Katharine's
behaviour to the Legates.-New intrigues on the part of Henry at Rome.-
Mission of Brian and Pierre Vannes.-Gardiner threatens the Pope with a schism
in England.-The Legates proceed to the trial.-Katharine and Henry cited
before the Ecclesiastical tribunal.—Katharine declared contumacious.-Incidents
connected with the trial.-The Queen appeals to the Pope.
p. 167