McLeod, the case of, a British subject,
trial of, for connection with the de-
struction of the Caroline, 287.
Madison, James, condemns instructions
of Congress as to peace negotiations
of 1782, 69; services in the Conven-
tion, and title of "Father of the
Constitution," 110, 186; favored a
cabinet, 121; proposed in First Con-
gress a Department of Foreign Af-
fairs, 123; attacks Hamilton's view
of French treaty, 153; opposition to
neutrality proclamation of 1793,
154; appointed Secretary of State,
185; his social troubles with the
British minister, Merry, 213; later
troubles with the British minister,
Jackson, 220; elected President,
233; on impressment, 238; attitude
as to the war of 1812, 240; close of
his public service, 249; his approval
of the Monroe Doctrine, 443.
Malmesbury, Lord, British ambassa-
dor in Russia, 28.

Maps, the battle of the, growing out
of the Webster-Ashburton treaty,
284.

Marbois, Barbe, French chargé to the
Colonies, his captured letter, 62;
participation in negotiations for
Louisiana, 93; had an American
wife, 284.

Marcy, William L., Secretary of State
under Pierce, 335; his action on
Koszta and naturalization, 336; ne-
gotiation of Canadian reciprocity
treaty, 337; his diplomatic dress
circular, 339; his action in the case
of the Black Warrior, 344; his
effort to purchase Cuba, 345; his
proposed amendment of the rules of
Paris Declaration, 347.

Marshall, John, appointed commis-
sioner to France, 176; Secretary of

State, 181; commissioning "mid-
night judges," 182; appointed chief
justice, his services as such, 183;
on Madison, 186.

Mason, John Y., minister to France,
joins in Ostend Manifesto, 345; Con-
federate commissioner, taken from
steamer Trent, 367; on parliamen-
tary debate on cruisers, 389.
Mercier, Henri, French minister, pro-
poses mediation in the Civil War
383.
Merry, Anthony, British minister, his

social troubles with President Jeffer-
son and Secretary Madison, 211;
intrigue with Aaron Burr, 223.
Mexican intervention. See Interven-
tion in Mexico.

Mexican War, the, 314-323; declared
by Congress to be by act of Mexico,
314; strong opposition to, in the
United States, 316; Trists's peace
negotiations, 317; treaty of Guada-
lupe Hidalgo, 318; protocol to the
treaty, 320; judgment of history on,
321.

Mill, John Stuart, friendly to the
Union during the Civil War, 375.
Misconduct of foreign diplomatic re-
presentatives at Washington, reca-
pitulation of, 434.

Mississippi River, Jay's negotiation
for right of free navigation, 41; in
treaty with Great Britain, 1782-83,
55, 64, 79; Franklin on its naviga-
tion, 188; Jefferson on, 189.
Mob violence, responsibility for. See
New Orleans mob.

Monroe Doctrine, the, promulgation
of, 265; enlargement of, as to isth-
mus transit, 324; for full discussion
of, see chapter xii.; its relation to
the Declaration of Independence,
and Washington's Farewell Address,
438; its development, 439; Jeffer-
son's declarations of 1808 and 1820,
440; events preceding its promul-
gation, 441; Canning's proposal to
Rush, 442; Jefferson and Madison
on proposed promulgation of the
doctrine, the text of, 443; first para-
graph as to colonization, an accom-
plished fact, 446; scope of the sec-
ond paragraph, 446; effect in Europe
of its promulgation, 447; Canning's
relation to, 448; application of, to
Cuba, 451, 458; the relation of the
Panama Congress to, 451; debate

in, and action of, the United States
Congress on the latter, 452; invoked
by President Polk as to Yucatan,
454; the Clayton-Bulwer treaty,
456; Grant and Fish on, 458; its
relation to the French intervention
in Mexico, 459; its relation to the
Spanish war of 1866 with South
American republics, 460; its appli-
cation to canals across the isthmus,
461-466; its influence on the revolu-
tion of 1893 in Brazil, 466; its
application to the British-Venezuela
boundary dispute, 467-474; decla-
ration of the American delegates to
the Hague Peace Conference on,
475; the affirmative declarations of,
475; the negative declarations of,
476; the established policy of the
government, 477.

Monroe, James, appointed minister to
France, 172; recalled by Washing-
ton, 174; publishes a vindication of
his conduct, 174; special plenipo-
tentiary to France to negotiate for
free navigation of Mississippi and
purchase of New Orleans, 191; his
trouble with Livingston, 195; minis-
ter to England, 205; failure of Jef-
ferson to ratify his treaty, 205;
Secretary of State under Madison,
234; succeeds him as President,
250; social customs at the Executive
Mansion, 266; successful conclusion
of his administration, 267; for Mon-
roe Doctrine, see chapter xii.
Montaudoin, Sieur, French agent in
America, 13.

Moore, Thomas, the poet, on the
troubles of the British minister with
President Jefferson, 216.

Morris, Gouverneur, on committee on
diplomatic ceremonial, 32; favored
a cabinet in Constitutional Conven-
tion, 121; minister to France, 151;
on treaty of alliance of 1778, 152;
dismissed by French Directory, 172;
on acquisition of Louisiana, 201.
Morris, Robert, on Committee of For-

eign Affairs, 10; letter to John
Adams, 70.

Morton, Senator O. P., on the removal
of Sumner from chairmanship of
Committee on Foreign Relations,
431.

Motley, John Lothrop, on British pro-
clamation of neutrality, 366; his
resignation as minister to Vienna

forced by President Johnson, 431;
appointed by President Grant min-
ister to London, 432; his removal,
and bitter correspondence with Sec-
retary Fish, 432.

Napoleon Bonaparte, as First Consul
of France, part in treaty of 1800,
179; in treaty for cession of Louisi-
ana of 1803, 192; issues the Berlin
and Milan decrees, 238; contest of
Great Britain with, its meaning,
249; on the boundaries of Louisi-
ana, 256; motive of, for the cession
of Louisiana, 408.
Naturalization, of British subjects, dis-
regard of, one of the causes of the
war of 1812, 236; the case of Koszat,
and question of domicil, 336; how
the action of the United States has
influenced international law, 337.
Netherlands, king of the, arbitrator
of the northeast boundary dispute,
282.

Neutrality, in draft treaty with France,
1776, 19; armed, of Northern Eu-
rope, 42; recognized in treaty with
Prussia, 1785, 93; proclamation of,
in 1793, 154; opposition to proclama-
tion by Jefferson and Madison, 154;
act of Congress relative to, 155;
influence of proclamation on inter-
national law, 156; an issue of the
war of 1812, 236; difficulty of en-
forcing laws as to, 280; test of effi-
cacy in Cuban troubles, 327, 342;
violation of, by British minister and
consuls, 347; British proclamation
of, in Civil War, 365; controversy
over and settlement of claim against
Great Britain for lax observance of,
during the Civil War, 422-427.
Newcastle, Duke of, his report of Sew-
ard's after-dinner remarks, 364.
New Orleans mob, against Spanish
subjects, 327; Webster on responsi-
bility for damages on account of,
328; appropriation for damages
from, made by Congress, 328.

Olney, Richard, Secretary of State, his
exposition of the Monroe Doctrine in
correspondence on the Venezuela
boundary, 468; criticism of British
press on, 470; Lord Salisbury's reply
to, 470.
Opium trade, with China, discouraged
by the United States, 291.

Orders in Council. See Blockade.
Oregon boundary, project to concede
to Great Britain territory north of
Columbia River, 295; negotiation
for settlement undertaken by Secre-
tary Buchanan, 303, 307; history of
the question, 303; involved in the
presidential campaign, 306; the
Senate consulted as to terms of a
treaty, 308; a compromise treaty
made, 308; Benton on Fifty-four-
forty, or fight," 308; extent of ter-
ritory acquired by treaty, 313.
Ostend Manifesto, the, issued by
American ministers on purchase of
Cuba, 345.

Oswald, Richard, British negotiator of
preliminary treaty of 1782, opens ne-
gotiations with Franklin, 54; sketch
of, 57; map used by, in negotiations,
285.

Paine, Thomas, secretary of Commit-
tee of Foreign Affairs, 4; attack on
John Adams's writings, 145.
Palmerston, Lord, on Webster's posi-
tion on the New Orleans mob dam-
ages, 329; prime minister, on the
Civil War, 373; his part in the par-
liamentary debate on the Confeder-
ate cruisers, 389.

Panama, congress of, its relation to
the Monroe Doctrine, 451.
Panama, the isthmus of, treaty of
1846 with Colombia as to, 324; Clay-
ton-Bulwer treaty, 326, 456; nego-
tiations in Buchanan's term as to,
350; relation of the Monroe Doctrine
to, 461-466.

Papal relations with the United States

after independence, 90.

Peace Conference, International, at
the Hague, declaration as to the Mon-
roe Doctrine made by the American
delegates, 475.

Peggy O'Neil scandal the, Van Bu-
ren's relation to it, 274.
Perry, Commodore M. C., with fleet
opens ports and compels a treaty with
Japan, 334.

Pickering, Timothy, on Mazzei letter,
171; appointed Secretary of State,
171; controversy with Monroe, 174;
dismissed as secretary by President,
Adams, 180; violation of Logan Act
229.

Pinckney, C. C., appointed minister to
France and rejected by the Direc-

Polk, James K., nominated for Presi-
dent on Texas and Oregon platform,
306; Oregon in his inaugural mes-
sage, 307; orders General Taylor
into disputed Mexican territory, 314;
on the results of the Mexican War,
322; success of his administration,
325; invoked the application of the
Monroe Doctrine to Yucatan, 455.
Private agents sent to Europe, by
President Taylor to report on the
Hungarian revolt, 329; by Secretary
Seward during the Civil War, 398;
Adams on, 399.

Privateering, abolished in treaty with
Prussia, 1785, 93; in Declaration of
Paris, 1856, and Marcy's proposed
amendment of, 93, 347; proposition
of British and French governments
to Southern Confederacy on, 367.
Protocol, to the Mexican treaty of
peace, 320.

Quitman, General, his filibustering
plans, 342.

Rodney, victory of, effect on negotia-
tions in 1782, 56.

Rose, Sir John, of the Canadian minis-
try, his preliminary negotiations in
Washington, 428.

Rush, Richard, minister to Great Brit-
ain, negotiates with Gallatin treaty
of 1818, as to fisheries and bound-
aries, 255; Canning's proposition to,
as to Spanish-American colonies,
442; his action thereon, 443; his
opinion of Canning's motives, 449.
Russell, Jonathan, commissioner to ne-
gotiate peace with Great Britain,
243.
Russell, Lord John, British Minister
of Foreign Affairs, interview with
Dallas on Civil War, 360, 365, 372;
his conduct during the Civil War,
373, 380, 390; acknowledges his
mistake as to the Alabama, 385;
on the emancipation proclamation,
393; denial of responsibility for
Alabama and other Confederate
cruisers, 422.

Russell, William H., correspondent of

the London Times, his interview
with Seward, 363.

Russian friendship, during the Civil
War, 372, 382, 405; mission of Mr.
Fox on account of, 405.

Salisbury, Lord, friendly to the Con-
federates during the Civil War, 375;
correspondence with Secretary Ol-
ney on the Monroe Doctrine, 470.
Samoa, treaty for harbor of Pago-
Pago, 436.

San Domingo, treaty for annexation of,
rejected by the Senate, 419; appli-
cation of the Monroe Doctrine to,
458.

Scott, General Winfield, occupation of
the City of Mexico, 316; his treat-
ment of Trist, 317.

Seal of the United States. See Great
Seal.

Search of neutral vessels, right of, one
of the issues of the war of 1812 with
Great Britain, 236; in the Webster-
Ashburton negotiations, 288; final
abandonment of British claim to,
352; affair of the Trent, relation
to, 369.

Secretary of Foreign Affairs, created,
6; report of, 7; Livingston first, 6;
Jay appointed, 97; ordered to sus-
pend further negotiations till Con-

Secretary of State, act of Congress
creating, 124; his position in the
government, 127; inadequate salary
of, 131; Thomas Jefferson first sec-
retary, 137; Edmund Randolph, 158;
Timothy Pickering, 171; James
Madison, 185; Robert Smith, 233;
James Monroe, 234; J. Q. Adams,
250; Henry Clay, 268; office no
longer the stepping-stone to the pre-
sidency, 272; Martin Van Buren,
273; Edward Livingston, 278; Louis
McLane, 278; John Forsyth, 278;
Daniel Webster, 281; John C. Cal-
houn, 297; James Buchanan, 303;
William L. Marcy, 335; Lewis Cass,
349; William H. Seward, 357; Jere-
miah S. Black, 359; Hamilton Fish,
417.

Seward, W. H., on war powers of the
President, 116; chosen Secretary of
State by Lincoln, 357; on message
of 1860 by Buchanan, 359; his cir-
cular on intervention, 359; intem-
perate dispatch to Adams, minister
in London, 360; President Lincoln's
corrections of the dispatch, 361; his

66

Thoughts for the President," 362;
Lincoln's action on this extraordi-
nary paper, 363; his after-dinner re-
marks to the Duke of Newcastle,
364; his delusion as to the Civil
War, 364; on British proclamation
of neutrality, 366; on the Trent
affair, 370; refusal to receive British
and French ministers jointly, 379;
instructions to Adams on interven-
tion, 382; his answer to French pro-
posal of mediation, 383; his relation
to President Johnson and his party,
403; his negotiation for the cession
of Alaska, 406; his friendly policy
towards Japan, 412; negotiation of
treaty with Chinese Embassy, 415;
his services and fame as secretary,
417.

Shays' Rebellion, effect of, on foreign
relations, 100; Jefferson on, 142.
Shelburne, Lord, secretary in British
Cabinet, opens negotiations with
Franklin through Oswald, 54; opin-
ion of Oswald, 57; friendly action as
to the boundaries, 63, 77; obliga-
tion of the United States to, 83.
Slavery, how affected by the invention
of the cotton gin, 166; evil influence

on diplomacy, the case of the Cre-
ole, 287; Lord Aberdeen on its
abolition in Texas, 300; annexation
of Texas in the interest of, 306; re-
lation of Mexican War to, 321; in-
fluence in abandonment of British
claim of right of search, 352.
Smith, Goldwin, on the Clay-Randolph
duel, 270; friendly to the Union
during the Civil War, 375; on the
cotton famine in England, 376; on
escape of the Alabama, 386.
Smith, Robert, Secretary of State, se-
lected by Madison, 233; his disagree-
ment with the President and resig-
nation, 234.

Smith, Sydney, his criticism on Web-
ster, 335.

Soulé, Pierre, minister to Spain, his
turbulent character, 342; conduct
in the case of the Black Warrior,
343; joins in Ostend Manifesto, 345;
indignant resignation, 346.

Sound dues. See Danish sound dues.
Southern Confederacy, British sym-
pathy for, 358; commissioners of,
in Europe, 360, 367, 382; British
recognition of belligerent rights,
365; proposition of Great Britain
and France to, on Declaration of
Paris, 367; financial standing of, in
Europe, 388.

See Re-

Spanish-American republics.
cognition.
Sparks, Jared, his relation to The
Battle of the Maps," 284.
Spoliation Claims, French, release of
France from treaty of 1800, 180.
Spurgeon, Rev. C. H., his prayer for the
success of the Union cause, 394.
Star Spangled Banner, the, origin of,
243.

State Department. See Department of
State.

Stoeckl, Baron, Russian minister, his

negotiation with Secretary Seward
for the cession of Alaska, 406.
Stormont, Lord, British ambassador
in Paris, 22, 28; Franklin's refer-
ence to, 38.

Story, Joseph, jurist, college poem on
threatened war with France, 178.
Strachey, Henry, of the British Colo-

nial Office, on the terms of peace,
1782, 66.

Sumner, Senator Charles, report on
Trist's services in Mexico, 319; his
speech on the cession of Alaska,

407; favored the withdrawal of the
British flag from Canada, 428; his
quarrel with President Grant and
Secretary Fish, 430.

Supreme Court of the United States,
on power of Congress to nullify a
treaty, 115; on the acquisition of
foreign territory, 201; on British
proclamation of neutrality in the
Civil War, 366; on the extradition
of criminals, 420.

Talleyrand, M., French minister, treat-
ment of American commissioners,
176; participation in Louisiana ne-
gotiations, 193.

Taylor, General Zachary, ordered by
President Polk to enter disputed
Mexican territory, 314; elected Pre-
sident, 325; sends secret agent to
report on Hungarian revolt, 329.
Territory of the United States, its
growth and area, 410.

Texas, Jefferson and J. Q. Adams on
the western boundary of, 262; re-
cognition of independence of, 280;
President Van Buren's opposition to
annexation of, 281; Webster on an-
nexation, 295; notification of Mex-
ico that annexation would be a cause
of war, 298; treaty for annexation,
299; rejection of the treaty by the
Senate, 301; annexation of, by joint
resolution, 302; final act of annexa-
tion by Polk, 314.

Thornton, Edward, secretary to the
British legation in Mexico, 317.
Treaties, of alliance and commerce
with France, 1778, 30, 151; of peace
and independence with Great Britain,
1782-83, chapter ii., 81, 88, 158;
with Sweden, 1783, 88; with Prus-
sia, 1785, 92; relation of Continental
Congress to negotiation of, 93; con-
sular, with France, 1788, 149; Jay
treaty with Great Britain, 1794, 161,
165; with France, 1800, 179, 187;
between Spain and France respect-
ing Louisiana, 188, 190; for cession
of Louisiana, 1803, 187-204; treaty
of peace of 1814 with Great Britain,
245; treaty of 1818, provision as to
fisheries, 255; for cession of Florida,
1819, 260-264; with Russia of 1824,
respecting possessions on northwest
coast, 265; with France, 1831, diffi-
culty respecting indemnity, 278;
with Great Britain of 1842 on north-