the President in foreign affairs, 120;
power of the House as to execution
of a treaty, 167, 407.
Constitution of the United States, divi-
sion of powers as to international
affairs, 104; possible conflict of
those powers, 114; J. Q. Adams on
powers of executive under, 117;
makes no provision for a cabinet,
120; provision as to departments,
121; adoption of, effect on finances
and foreign commerce, 150; power
under, to annex foreign territory,
198, 200.

Cooley, Judge, on omission in Consti-
tution of provision for a cabinet,

121.

Cornwallis, surrender of, effect on ne-
gotiations, 56.

Correspondence, diplomatic, difficulty
of maintaining, during the Revolu-
tion, 26.

Cotton, strange provision in treaty of
1794 as to exportation of, 166; in-
vention of the cotton gin and its
effects, 166; how it affected Brit-
ish sentiment during the Civil War,
375.

Craig, Sir James, governor of Canada,
sends a secret agent to New England,

241.

Crampton, John F. T., British minis-
ter, his dismissal for violation of
neutrality laws, 347.

Creole the case of the, facts stated,
and its settlement, 287.
Crimean War, the, efforts of the Brit-

ish minister and consuls to secure
enlistments for, 347.

Cruisers, Confederate, built in Eng-
land, 384; Mr. Adams's action rela-
tive to, 385; their damage to Amer-
ican commerce, 386; the ironclad
rams, 387; detention of ironclads,
390; secret mission respecting, 397.
Cuba, filibustering expeditions into,
326; proposition of England and
France for joint guarantee to Spain,
327; seizure of the Black War-
rior in Havana, 343; effort of Pre-
sident Pierce to purchase, and
Ostend Manifesto, 345; Buchanan's
renewed efforts, 349; insurrection
in, 418; application of the Monroe
Doctrine to, 451, 458.

Dallas, George M., minister to Eng-

land under Buchanan, his interview

with Russell, Minister of Foreign
Affairs, 360, 365, 372.

Damages, for mob violence. See New
Orleans mob.

Dana, Francis, minister to Russia, 7;
not received, 50.

Danish sound dues, the, history of,
and part the United States took in
their abolition, 353.

Davis, Jefferson, his first appearance
in Congress, 317.

Dayton, Senator, on acquisition of ter-
ritory from Mexico, 323.
Deane, Silas, agent in France, 10;
promises of supplies, 13; proposes
presents to queen, 18; joint com-
missioner to France, 20; Adams's
diary on, 37; recalled, 39; later ca-
reer and disgrace, 40.

Decatur, Commodore, his expedition
to the Barbary States, 207.
Declaration of Independence, effect on
foreign relations of the Colonies, 8;
its influence on the destiny of na-
tions, 438.

Declaration of Paris, the four rules of
the, Marcy's proposed amendment
of, 93, 347; action of the United
States on, during the Civil War, 367.
Department of Foreign Affairs, estab-

lished 1781, 5; officials and expenses
of, 6; state of in 1784, 97.
Department of State, act of Congress
first created Department of For-
eign Affairs, 123; subsequent act
changed name to Department of
State, and fixed duties of, 124; duties
attached not diplomatic, 128; growth
and cost of, 130; division of business
of, 132; publications of, 134; its
needs, 134.

Diplomacy, definition of, 1; etymology
of, 2; practice of appointing special
envoys, 160; Washington on Mon-
roe's violation of practice, 176; effect
of Atlantic cable on, 403; influence
of American diplomacy on interna-
tional law, 437. See Diplomatic ser-
vice.

Diplomatic service, of Revolutionary
period, 4, 101; Adams's view of, 46;
influence of parsimony of Congress
on, 140.

Disarmament on the Great Lakes, ar-
rangement for, 252.

Dress, diplomatic, circular of Secre-
tary Marcy on, 339; law of Con-
gress on, 341.

Duborg, Dr., friend of Franklin, 11.
Dudley, Thomas H., consul at Liver-
pool, his action as to the Confederate
cruisers, 385, 390.

Edmunds, Senator George F., on Sum-
ner's proposition for withdrawal of
British flag from Canada, 429.
Elgin, Lord, governor-general of Can-
ada, negotiates with Secretary Marcy
treaty of reciprocity, 337.
Ellsworth, Oliver, chief justice, ap-
pointed joint commissioner to France,
178.
Emancipation proclamation, by Presi-
dent Lincoln, its effect on the Union
cause in England, 392, and in Eu-
rope, 396.

Episcopal, or English Church, relations
of, after independence, 91.
Evarts, William M., sent to London as
legal adviser by Secretary Seward,
398; his views, as Secretary of State,
on an isthmus canal, 462.
Everett, Edward, minister to Great
Britain, declines mission to China,
296; on Cuba, 327.
Expansion, territorial, unfavorable
view of, taken by Jefferson, J. Q.
Adams, Gallatin, Benton, Webster,
and other statesmen, 309-313; popu-
larity of, 323; Senator Dayton on
acquisition from Mexico, 323.
Expedition of Lewis and Clarke, a
basis of claim to Oregon, 304.
Extradition, of criminals, provision in
treaty of 1794 with Great Britain,
165; in treaty of 1842 with Great
Britain, 283; case of Winslow, 419;
case of Tweed, 420; of Arguelles,
421; not made without a treaty,
421.

Extraterritoriality, the practice of, as
applied to non-Christian nations, 290.

Farewell Address of Washington, its
relation to the Monroe Doctrine, 438.
Fauchet, M., French minister to the
United States, reports on interviews
with Secretary Randolph, 162.
Federalist, the, quotations from, 106,
110, 118.

Filibustering, against Cuba, 326; by
Walker against Mexico and Nicara-
gua, 341; plans of General Quitman
for, 342; during Buchanan's term,
350.

Fisheries, northeast, in treaty with

Fish, Hamilton, Secretary of State un-
der President Grant, 417; skillful
management of affairs during Cuban
insurrection, 418; his negotiation of
the settlement of the Alabama
claims, 423; his difference with Sum-
ner, 430; his controversy with Mot-
ley, 431; suspends intercourse with
Catacazy, Russian minister, 432; ne-
gotiates reciprocity with Hawaii,
435; value of his services as secre-
tary, 436; his view of the Monroe
Doctrine, 459.

Fitzherbert, Alleyne, British negotia-
tor of peace with France and Spain,
1783, 64.

Florida, acquisition of, steps towards,
257; negotiations for, 260; the
treaty of 1819 for cession, 261; de-
lay in ratification, 263.
Florida, the, a Confederate cruiser
built in England, 385; judgment of
arbitration tribunal as to, 427.
Forbes, John M., sent on secret mission
to England respecting Confederate
iron clads, 397.

Foreign Affairs, see Committee of; De-
partment of; Secretary of.
Forster, Sir William E., friendly to the
Union during the Civil War, 375;
relations with Mr. Adams, 382.
Forsyth, John, Secretary of State, 278,
279.

Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy,
his mission of sympathy to Russia,

405.

to

Fox, Charles James, British Secretary
of Foreign Affairs, 1782, 58.
Franklin, Benjamin, on Committee of
Foreign Affairs, 1775, 4, 19; style of
living in Paris, 7; views on foreign
policy, 9, 49; knowledge of French
language, 11; commissioner
France, 20, 25; arrival in Paris, 22;
his early services, 22: before British
Privy Council, 24; Adams's descrip-
tion of, 25; dress at reception of the
commissioners by king of France,
31, 50; trouble with Lee and other
American representatives, 35, 50;
letter to President of Congress
on these troubles, 37; appointed
sole minister to France, 39; letter to
Congress on Adams's correspondence
with Vergennes, 44; his varied

duties in France, 51; joint commis-
sioner to negotiate with Great Brit-
ain, 54; variance of views with Jay
and Adams, 60, 63; explains to Ver-
gennes departure from instructions
of Congress, 67, 77; proposition to
include Canada in United States,
59, 74; Adams's jealousy of, 84;
on Adams, 85; Jefferson on, 86;
friendly relations with both French
and English, 86; his treaty with
Prussia, 92; return of, to United
States, 94; first place in diplomacy,
101; on the French Constitution,
110; favored a cabinet, 121.
Frederick the Great, indifference of,
to the cause of the Colonies, 92.
Free ships and free goods, an issue of
the war of 1812, 236.
Frelinghuysen, F. T., Secretary of
State, held that the Clayton-Bulwer
treaty was voidable, 465.
Freneau, clerk in Department of State,

his abuse of President Washington,
147, 157.

Friends of the Confederacy, in Eng-
land, during the Civil War, 358, 374,
378.

Friends of the Union, in England, dur-
ing the Civil War, 374, 375; the
working classes and their demon-
strations, 377; the anti-slavery de-
monstrations, 393; efficiency of the
work of, 396.

Gallatin, Albert, on power of the House
of Representatives as to execution of
a treaty, 168; opinion asked by Jef-
ferson on the constitutionality of the
acquisition of Louisiana, 198; as
Secretary of the Treasury, opposed
by Smith, Secretary of State, 234;
commissioner to negotiate peace,
1814, 243; negotiates with Rush,
treaty of 1818 with Great Britain,
255; on territorial expansion, 310.
Garfield, President J. A., on the isth-
mus canal, 463.

Genet, Edmond C., minister of the
French Republic, arrival in America,
153; dismissed by Washington, 156;
remained in America, 157; had an
American wife, 284.

Geneva tribunal, for the arbitration
of the Alabama claims, 424.
Gerard, C. A., minister of France,
negotiates treaty with American
commissioners, 30; appointed first

French minister to the United States,
32; reception by Congress, 32.
Gerry, Elbridge, appointed joint com-
missioner to France, 176; remains
in Paris after his colleagues had left,
177.
Gibraltar, raising of siege of, effect on
negotiations in 1782, 56; restoration
as a condition of peace, 66.
Gladstone, William E., his conduct dur-
ing the Civil War, 374; consents to
reopen the Alabama claims, 423.
Grant, General U. S., condemnation of
the Mexican War, 321; elected
President, 417; his interest in the
annexation of San Domingo, 419;
his differences with Sumner, 430;
his removal of Minister Motley, 432;
his view of the Monroe Doctrine,
458.

Gray, Captain, commanding ship Co-
lumbia, 150; discoverer of the Co-
lumbia River, 304.

Great Lakes, disarmament on, arrange-
ment as to, 252.

Great Seal of the United States, kept
in the Department of State, descrip-
tion and use of, 129.
Grenville, Thomas, sent to Paris by

British Secretary of Foreign Affairs
to watch negotiations in 1782, 58.
Grimaldi, Marquis de, Spanish Minister
of Foreign Affairs, 13.
Grotius, disregard of his principles in
eighteenth century, 1.

Gwin, Senator, proposes the purchase
of Alaska, 404.

Hamburg, city of, letter to Continental
Congress on commercial intercourse,
88.
Hamilton, Alexander, comment on
Adams's diary read in Congress, 49;
on Jay, 62; condemns instructions of
Congress as to peace negotiations of
1782, 69; service in the Constitu-
tional Convention, 110; contribu-
tions to the "Federalist," 111, 113,
118; appointment as first Secretary
of the Treasury, 137; leader of Fed-
eralists, 144; quarrel with Jefferson,
144; services as Secretary of the
Treasury, 150; on treaty of alliance
with France, 152; stoned for sup-
porting Jay treaty, 1794, 162; oppo-
sition to President Adams, 179; on
the acquisition of Louisiana, 201.
Hammond, George, first British minis-

ter to the United States, arrived |
1791, 159.

Harris, Townsend, minister to Japan,
his valuable services, 411.
Harrison, Benjamin, on Committee on
Foreign Affairs, 10, 19.
Hartford Convention, against the war
of 1812, 242.

Hawaii, recognition of the kingdom
of, 293; protectorate policy towards,
294; reciprocity treaty with, 436.
Hayes, President R. B., his message on
the isthmus canal under American
control, 461.

Holmes, Dr. O. W., his poem on the
friendship of Russia, 405.
Holy Alliance, the, of European pow-

ers, one of the causes of the promul-
gation of the Monroe Doctrine, 441.
Hortalez et C., Beaumarchais' ficti-
tious firm, 14.

Hughes, Archbishop, sent on a private
mission to Europe during the Civil
War, 398.
Hülsemann,

Chevalier, Austrian
chargé, his correspondence with
Webster on Hungarian revolt, 330;
suspension of intercourse with, 332.
Hungarian revolt, President Taylor
sends a secret agent to report on,
329; Webster - Hülsemann
spondence on, 330; visit of Kossuth,
hero of, 331.

corre-

Impressment of seamen, one of the
causes of the war of 1812 with Great
Britain, 236; Madison on its hard-
ship, 238; in the Webster-Ashbur-
ton negotiations, 288.

Indirect claims, rejected by the Ge-
neva tribunal of arbitration, 426.
International law, state of, in 1776, 1;
Grotius's principles of, disregarded,
1; growth of, 2; influence of United
States on, 3; advance made in treaty
with Prussia, 1785, 93; influence of
Continental Congress on, 94; pro-
visions of treaty of 1794 with Great
Britain shows advance in, 165; ac-
tion of the United States in natural-
ization, its influence on, 337; British
proclamation of neutrality in the
Civil War recognized as correct in,
366; the three rules of the Geneva
arbitration generally accepted as,
426; influence of American diplo-
macy on, 437; relation of the Mon-
roe Doctrine to, 438, 477.

Intervention, European, threatened
during the Civil War, the greatest
danger to the Union, 358; Secretary
Black's circular on, 359; Russia op-
poses joint action for, 372, 382; fa-
vored by France and England, 372,
378, 380, 382.

Intervention in Mexico, condition of
disorder in Buchanan's term, and his
efforts as to, 355; tripartite agree-
ment as to, 401; French occupation,
402; Seward's notice and French
withdrawal, 402; execution of Maxi-
milian, 403; relation to the Monroe
Doctrine, 460.

Izard, Ralph, minister to Tuscany,
trouble with Franklin, 37; not re-
ceived, 50.

Jackson, Andrew, incursion into Flor-
ida, 258; nominated by Monroe min-
ister to Mexico, but declined, 265;
conduct of foreign relations as Presi-
dent, 273; on French treaty of 1831,
279.

Jackson, Francis James, British min-
ister, his troubles with President
Madison, 220; his dismissal, 221.
Japan, expedition of Commodore Perry
and establishment of diplomatic re-
lations with, 333; popular opposition
in, to foreigners, 411; Seward's
friendly policy towards, 412; re-
establishment of the Mikado's power
as emperor, 413; Shimonoseki in-
demnity and its return, 413.
Jay, John, on Committee of Foreign
Affairs, 1775, 4, 10; Secretary of
Foreign Affairs, 7; state of living
as minister to Spain, 7; correspond-
ence opened, 26; disapproval of
Deane's conduct, 40; minister to
Spain, 41; joint commissioner to ne-
gotiate with Great Britain, 54; ar-
rival in Paris, opinion of the French,
59, 86; objects to Oswald's commis-
sion, 60, 73; on Rayneval's visit to
London, 61; departure of commis-
sioners from instructions of Con-.
gress, 64, 67, 77; return to United
States and appointed Secretary of
Foreign Affairs, 96; on defects of
the Confederation, 100; contribu-
tions to the "Federalist," 106; ap-
pointed chief justice, 138; prepares
a draft of neutrality proclamation,
in 1793, 154; envoy extraordinary to
Great Britain, 159; negotiates treaty

of 1794, 161; opposition to treaty,
161.

on

Jefferson, Thomas, appointed joint
commissioner to France, and de-
clined, 20; his anecdote of Franklin
and Lee, 36; appointed joint com-
missioner to negotiate with Great
Britain, and declined, 55; on Adams
and Franklin, 84, 86; minister to
France, 94, 141; appointed by Wash-
ington first Secretary of State, 137;
residence in Paris, influence on, 138;
opinion of the English, 138; style of
living in Paris, 139; admiration of
America, 140; attitude as to the
new Constitution, 141; on Shays' re-
bellion, 142; out of harmony with
Washington and his cabinet, 143;
quarrel with Hamilton, 144;
treaty of alliance with France, 153;
opposition to neutrality proclama-
tion of 1793, 155; resignation as
secretary, 158; on invention of cot-
ton gin, 166; on power of House of
Representatives over the execution
of a treaty, 169; his letter to Maz-
zei, 170; its effect on Washington,
171; causes which promoted his
election as President, 185; acquisi-
tion of Louisiana his great achieve-
ment, 187; on the constitutionality
of its acquisition, 198; his action as
to Barbary States, 205; his social
customs as President, 209; his
troubles with the diplomatic corps,
211; close of his presidency, 231;
on the western boundary of Texas,
262; on territorial expansion, 309;
declaration anterior to the Monroe
Doctrine, 440; his approval of its
promulgation, 443.
Johnson, Reverdy, minister to Great
Britain, negotiated treaty for adjust-
ment of Alabama claims, rejected
by the Senate, 422.

Joint action with other powers as to
China, 291.

Joint High Commission, respecting the
Alabama claims, and other ques-
tions, 423.

Jones, Commodore, temporary occupa-
tion of California, 315.

Jones, John Paul, aided by Franklin
in France, 51.

Knox, Henry, first Secretary of War,
137; supports Hamilton in the Cab-
inet, 147.

Kossuth, Louis, Hungarian leader,
visit to the United States, 331.

Lafayette, Marquis de, leaves France
for America, 17; proposes expedi-
tion to Canada, 76.
Laurens, Henry, minister to Holland,
captured, 27, 43; appointed joint
commissioner to negotiate with Great
Britain, 54; Oswald furnished bail
for, 57.

Law of nations. See International
law.

Lecky, W., the historian, on the treaty
of 1782, 71.

Lee, Arthur, agent of Massachusetts,
12; enmity to Deane, 16; joint
commissioner to France, 20; trouble
with Franklin - his character, 35;
dropped from diplomatic service,
39; attempt to visit Madrid, 50.
Lee, Richard Henry, on committee on
diplomatic ceremonial, 32.

Lee, William, minister to Vienna, not
received, 50.

Lesseps, F. de, his project for the
Panama Canal, 461; French govern-
ment disavows any relation to his
project, 463.

Lewis and Clarke. See Expedition of.
Lincoln, Abraham, his appearance in

Congress, 317; elected President,
357; his corrections of Seward's in-
temperate dispatch, 361; his action
on Seward's Thoughts," 362; on
the Trent affair, 371; effect of his
proclamation of emancipation in
England, 392; tributes of the na-
tions on death of, 400.
Livingston, Edward, Secretary of State,
278.

Livingston, Robert R., first Secretary
of Foreign Affairs, 6, 97; minister
to France, instructions to open nego-
tiations for purchase of New Or
leans, 190; his jealousy of Monroe
in negotiations, 195.
Logan Act, the, its origin, 226; breach

of, in Jefferson's presidency, 229;
no convictions under it, 230.
Louisiana, purchase of, 187-206; pro-
test of Spain against its cession,
196; extent of its territory, 197;
formal transfer of, 202; act for
government of, 203.

Lovell, Mr., member of Committee of
Foreign Affairs, 5.

Luzerne, M., French minister to the