the President in foreign affairs, 120; power of the House as to execution of a treaty, 167, 407. Constitution of the United States, divi- sion of powers as to international affairs, 104; possible conflict of those powers, 114; J. Q. Adams on powers of executive under, 117; makes no provision for a cabinet, 120; provision as to departments, 121; adoption of, effect on finances and foreign commerce, 150; power under, to annex foreign territory, 198, 200.
Cooley, Judge, on omission in Consti- tution of provision for a cabinet,
Cornwallis, surrender of, effect on ne- gotiations, 56.
Correspondence, diplomatic, difficulty of maintaining, during the Revolu- tion, 26.
Cotton, strange provision in treaty of 1794 as to exportation of, 166; in- vention of the cotton gin and its effects, 166; how it affected Brit- ish sentiment during the Civil War, 375.
Craig, Sir James, governor of Canada, sends a secret agent to New England,
Crampton, John F. T., British minis- ter, his dismissal for violation of neutrality laws, 347.
Creole the case of the, facts stated, and its settlement, 287. Crimean War, the, efforts of the Brit-
ish minister and consuls to secure enlistments for, 347.
Cruisers, Confederate, built in Eng- land, 384; Mr. Adams's action rela- tive to, 385; their damage to Amer- ican commerce, 386; the ironclad rams, 387; detention of ironclads, 390; secret mission respecting, 397. Cuba, filibustering expeditions into, 326; proposition of England and France for joint guarantee to Spain, 327; seizure of the Black War- rior in Havana, 343; effort of Pre- sident Pierce to purchase, and Ostend Manifesto, 345; Buchanan's renewed efforts, 349; insurrection in, 418; application of the Monroe Doctrine to, 451, 458.
Dallas, George M., minister to Eng-
land under Buchanan, his interview
with Russell, Minister of Foreign Affairs, 360, 365, 372.
Damages, for mob violence. See New Orleans mob.
Dana, Francis, minister to Russia, 7; not received, 50.
Danish sound dues, the, history of, and part the United States took in their abolition, 353.
Davis, Jefferson, his first appearance in Congress, 317.
Dayton, Senator, on acquisition of ter- ritory from Mexico, 323. Deane, Silas, agent in France, 10; promises of supplies, 13; proposes presents to queen, 18; joint com- missioner to France, 20; Adams's diary on, 37; recalled, 39; later ca- reer and disgrace, 40.
Decatur, Commodore, his expedition to the Barbary States, 207. Declaration of Independence, effect on foreign relations of the Colonies, 8; its influence on the destiny of na- tions, 438.
Declaration of Paris, the four rules of the, Marcy's proposed amendment of, 93, 347; action of the United States on, during the Civil War, 367. Department of Foreign Affairs, estab-
lished 1781, 5; officials and expenses of, 6; state of in 1784, 97. Department of State, act of Congress first created Department of For- eign Affairs, 123; subsequent act changed name to Department of State, and fixed duties of, 124; duties attached not diplomatic, 128; growth and cost of, 130; division of business of, 132; publications of, 134; its needs, 134.
Diplomacy, definition of, 1; etymology of, 2; practice of appointing special envoys, 160; Washington on Mon- roe's violation of practice, 176; effect of Atlantic cable on, 403; influence of American diplomacy on interna- tional law, 437. See Diplomatic ser- vice.
Diplomatic service, of Revolutionary period, 4, 101; Adams's view of, 46; influence of parsimony of Congress on, 140.
Disarmament on the Great Lakes, ar- rangement for, 252.
Dress, diplomatic, circular of Secre- tary Marcy on, 339; law of Con- gress on, 341.
Duborg, Dr., friend of Franklin, 11. Dudley, Thomas H., consul at Liver- pool, his action as to the Confederate cruisers, 385, 390.
Edmunds, Senator George F., on Sum- ner's proposition for withdrawal of British flag from Canada, 429. Elgin, Lord, governor-general of Can- ada, negotiates with Secretary Marcy treaty of reciprocity, 337. Ellsworth, Oliver, chief justice, ap- pointed joint commissioner to France, 178. Emancipation proclamation, by Presi- dent Lincoln, its effect on the Union cause in England, 392, and in Eu- rope, 396.
Episcopal, or English Church, relations of, after independence, 91. Evarts, William M., sent to London as legal adviser by Secretary Seward, 398; his views, as Secretary of State, on an isthmus canal, 462. Everett, Edward, minister to Great Britain, declines mission to China, 296; on Cuba, 327. Expansion, territorial, unfavorable view of, taken by Jefferson, J. Q. Adams, Gallatin, Benton, Webster, and other statesmen, 309-313; popu- larity of, 323; Senator Dayton on acquisition from Mexico, 323. Expedition of Lewis and Clarke, a basis of claim to Oregon, 304. Extradition, of criminals, provision in treaty of 1794 with Great Britain, 165; in treaty of 1842 with Great Britain, 283; case of Winslow, 419; case of Tweed, 420; of Arguelles, 421; not made without a treaty, 421.
Extraterritoriality, the practice of, as applied to non-Christian nations, 290.
Farewell Address of Washington, its relation to the Monroe Doctrine, 438. Fauchet, M., French minister to the United States, reports on interviews with Secretary Randolph, 162. Federalist, the, quotations from, 106, 110, 118.
Filibustering, against Cuba, 326; by Walker against Mexico and Nicara- gua, 341; plans of General Quitman for, 342; during Buchanan's term, 350.
Fisheries, northeast, in treaty with
Fish, Hamilton, Secretary of State un- der President Grant, 417; skillful management of affairs during Cuban insurrection, 418; his negotiation of the settlement of the Alabama claims, 423; his difference with Sum- ner, 430; his controversy with Mot- ley, 431; suspends intercourse with Catacazy, Russian minister, 432; ne- gotiates reciprocity with Hawaii, 435; value of his services as secre- tary, 436; his view of the Monroe Doctrine, 459.
Fitzherbert, Alleyne, British negotia- tor of peace with France and Spain, 1783, 64.
Florida, acquisition of, steps towards, 257; negotiations for, 260; the treaty of 1819 for cession, 261; de- lay in ratification, 263. Florida, the, a Confederate cruiser built in England, 385; judgment of arbitration tribunal as to, 427. Forbes, John M., sent on secret mission to England respecting Confederate iron clads, 397.
Foreign Affairs, see Committee of; De- partment of; Secretary of. Forster, Sir William E., friendly to the Union during the Civil War, 375; relations with Mr. Adams, 382. Forsyth, John, Secretary of State, 278, 279.
Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, his mission of sympathy to Russia,
Fox, Charles James, British Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 1782, 58. Franklin, Benjamin, on Committee of Foreign Affairs, 1775, 4, 19; style of living in Paris, 7; views on foreign policy, 9, 49; knowledge of French language, 11; commissioner France, 20, 25; arrival in Paris, 22; his early services, 22: before British Privy Council, 24; Adams's descrip- tion of, 25; dress at reception of the commissioners by king of France, 31, 50; trouble with Lee and other American representatives, 35, 50; letter to President of Congress on these troubles, 37; appointed sole minister to France, 39; letter to Congress on Adams's correspondence with Vergennes, 44; his varied
duties in France, 51; joint commis- sioner to negotiate with Great Brit- ain, 54; variance of views with Jay and Adams, 60, 63; explains to Ver- gennes departure from instructions of Congress, 67, 77; proposition to include Canada in United States, 59, 74; Adams's jealousy of, 84; on Adams, 85; Jefferson on, 86; friendly relations with both French and English, 86; his treaty with Prussia, 92; return of, to United States, 94; first place in diplomacy, 101; on the French Constitution, 110; favored a cabinet, 121. Frederick the Great, indifference of, to the cause of the Colonies, 92. Free ships and free goods, an issue of the war of 1812, 236. Frelinghuysen, F. T., Secretary of State, held that the Clayton-Bulwer treaty was voidable, 465. Freneau, clerk in Department of State,
his abuse of President Washington, 147, 157.
Friends of the Confederacy, in Eng- land, during the Civil War, 358, 374, 378.
Friends of the Union, in England, dur- ing the Civil War, 374, 375; the working classes and their demon- strations, 377; the anti-slavery de- monstrations, 393; efficiency of the work of, 396.
Gallatin, Albert, on power of the House of Representatives as to execution of a treaty, 168; opinion asked by Jef- ferson on the constitutionality of the acquisition of Louisiana, 198; as Secretary of the Treasury, opposed by Smith, Secretary of State, 234; commissioner to negotiate peace, 1814, 243; negotiates with Rush, treaty of 1818 with Great Britain, 255; on territorial expansion, 310. Garfield, President J. A., on the isth- mus canal, 463.
Genet, Edmond C., minister of the French Republic, arrival in America, 153; dismissed by Washington, 156; remained in America, 157; had an American wife, 284.
Geneva tribunal, for the arbitration of the Alabama claims, 424. Gerard, C. A., minister of France, negotiates treaty with American commissioners, 30; appointed first
French minister to the United States, 32; reception by Congress, 32. Gerry, Elbridge, appointed joint com- missioner to France, 176; remains in Paris after his colleagues had left, 177. Gibraltar, raising of siege of, effect on negotiations in 1782, 56; restoration as a condition of peace, 66. Gladstone, William E., his conduct dur- ing the Civil War, 374; consents to reopen the Alabama claims, 423. Grant, General U. S., condemnation of the Mexican War, 321; elected President, 417; his interest in the annexation of San Domingo, 419; his differences with Sumner, 430; his removal of Minister Motley, 432; his view of the Monroe Doctrine, 458.
Gray, Captain, commanding ship Co- lumbia, 150; discoverer of the Co- lumbia River, 304.
Great Lakes, disarmament on, arrange- ment as to, 252.
Great Seal of the United States, kept in the Department of State, descrip- tion and use of, 129. Grenville, Thomas, sent to Paris by
British Secretary of Foreign Affairs to watch negotiations in 1782, 58. Grimaldi, Marquis de, Spanish Minister of Foreign Affairs, 13. Grotius, disregard of his principles in eighteenth century, 1.
Gwin, Senator, proposes the purchase of Alaska, 404.
Hamburg, city of, letter to Continental Congress on commercial intercourse, 88. Hamilton, Alexander, comment on Adams's diary read in Congress, 49; on Jay, 62; condemns instructions of Congress as to peace negotiations of 1782, 69; service in the Constitu- tional Convention, 110; contribu- tions to the "Federalist," 111, 113, 118; appointment as first Secretary of the Treasury, 137; leader of Fed- eralists, 144; quarrel with Jefferson, 144; services as Secretary of the Treasury, 150; on treaty of alliance with France, 152; stoned for sup- porting Jay treaty, 1794, 162; oppo- sition to President Adams, 179; on the acquisition of Louisiana, 201. Hammond, George, first British minis-
ter to the United States, arrived | 1791, 159.
Harris, Townsend, minister to Japan, his valuable services, 411. Harrison, Benjamin, on Committee on Foreign Affairs, 10, 19. Hartford Convention, against the war of 1812, 242.
Hawaii, recognition of the kingdom of, 293; protectorate policy towards, 294; reciprocity treaty with, 436. Hayes, President R. B., his message on the isthmus canal under American control, 461.
Holmes, Dr. O. W., his poem on the friendship of Russia, 405. Holy Alliance, the, of European pow-
ers, one of the causes of the promul- gation of the Monroe Doctrine, 441. Hortalez et C., Beaumarchais' ficti- tious firm, 14.
Hughes, Archbishop, sent on a private mission to Europe during the Civil War, 398. Hülsemann,
Chevalier, Austrian chargé, his correspondence with Webster on Hungarian revolt, 330; suspension of intercourse with, 332. Hungarian revolt, President Taylor sends a secret agent to report on, 329; Webster - Hülsemann spondence on, 330; visit of Kossuth, hero of, 331.
Impressment of seamen, one of the causes of the war of 1812 with Great Britain, 236; Madison on its hard- ship, 238; in the Webster-Ashbur- ton negotiations, 288.
Indirect claims, rejected by the Ge- neva tribunal of arbitration, 426. International law, state of, in 1776, 1; Grotius's principles of, disregarded, 1; growth of, 2; influence of United States on, 3; advance made in treaty with Prussia, 1785, 93; influence of Continental Congress on, 94; pro- visions of treaty of 1794 with Great Britain shows advance in, 165; ac- tion of the United States in natural- ization, its influence on, 337; British proclamation of neutrality in the Civil War recognized as correct in, 366; the three rules of the Geneva arbitration generally accepted as, 426; influence of American diplo- macy on, 437; relation of the Mon- roe Doctrine to, 438, 477.
Intervention, European, threatened during the Civil War, the greatest danger to the Union, 358; Secretary Black's circular on, 359; Russia op- poses joint action for, 372, 382; fa- vored by France and England, 372, 378, 380, 382.
Intervention in Mexico, condition of disorder in Buchanan's term, and his efforts as to, 355; tripartite agree- ment as to, 401; French occupation, 402; Seward's notice and French withdrawal, 402; execution of Maxi- milian, 403; relation to the Monroe Doctrine, 460.
Izard, Ralph, minister to Tuscany, trouble with Franklin, 37; not re- ceived, 50.
Jackson, Andrew, incursion into Flor- ida, 258; nominated by Monroe min- ister to Mexico, but declined, 265; conduct of foreign relations as Presi- dent, 273; on French treaty of 1831, 279.
Jackson, Francis James, British min- ister, his troubles with President Madison, 220; his dismissal, 221. Japan, expedition of Commodore Perry and establishment of diplomatic re- lations with, 333; popular opposition in, to foreigners, 411; Seward's friendly policy towards, 412; re- establishment of the Mikado's power as emperor, 413; Shimonoseki in- demnity and its return, 413. Jay, John, on Committee of Foreign Affairs, 1775, 4, 10; Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 7; state of living as minister to Spain, 7; correspond- ence opened, 26; disapproval of Deane's conduct, 40; minister to Spain, 41; joint commissioner to ne- gotiate with Great Britain, 54; ar- rival in Paris, opinion of the French, 59, 86; objects to Oswald's commis- sion, 60, 73; on Rayneval's visit to London, 61; departure of commis- sioners from instructions of Con-. gress, 64, 67, 77; return to United States and appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 96; on defects of the Confederation, 100; contribu- tions to the "Federalist," 106; ap- pointed chief justice, 138; prepares a draft of neutrality proclamation, in 1793, 154; envoy extraordinary to Great Britain, 159; negotiates treaty
of 1794, 161; opposition to treaty, 161.
Jefferson, Thomas, appointed joint commissioner to France, and de- clined, 20; his anecdote of Franklin and Lee, 36; appointed joint com- missioner to negotiate with Great Britain, and declined, 55; on Adams and Franklin, 84, 86; minister to France, 94, 141; appointed by Wash- ington first Secretary of State, 137; residence in Paris, influence on, 138; opinion of the English, 138; style of living in Paris, 139; admiration of America, 140; attitude as to the new Constitution, 141; on Shays' re- bellion, 142; out of harmony with Washington and his cabinet, 143; quarrel with Hamilton, 144; treaty of alliance with France, 153; opposition to neutrality proclama- tion of 1793, 155; resignation as secretary, 158; on invention of cot- ton gin, 166; on power of House of Representatives over the execution of a treaty, 169; his letter to Maz- zei, 170; its effect on Washington, 171; causes which promoted his election as President, 185; acquisi- tion of Louisiana his great achieve- ment, 187; on the constitutionality of its acquisition, 198; his action as to Barbary States, 205; his social customs as President, 209; his troubles with the diplomatic corps, 211; close of his presidency, 231; on the western boundary of Texas, 262; on territorial expansion, 309; declaration anterior to the Monroe Doctrine, 440; his approval of its promulgation, 443. Johnson, Reverdy, minister to Great Britain, negotiated treaty for adjust- ment of Alabama claims, rejected by the Senate, 422.
Joint action with other powers as to China, 291.
Joint High Commission, respecting the Alabama claims, and other ques- tions, 423.
Jones, Commodore, temporary occupa- tion of California, 315.
Jones, John Paul, aided by Franklin in France, 51.
Knox, Henry, first Secretary of War, 137; supports Hamilton in the Cab- inet, 147.
Kossuth, Louis, Hungarian leader, visit to the United States, 331.
Lafayette, Marquis de, leaves France for America, 17; proposes expedi- tion to Canada, 76. Laurens, Henry, minister to Holland, captured, 27, 43; appointed joint commissioner to negotiate with Great Britain, 54; Oswald furnished bail for, 57.
Law of nations. See International law.
Lecky, W., the historian, on the treaty of 1782, 71.
Lee, Arthur, agent of Massachusetts, 12; enmity to Deane, 16; joint commissioner to France, 20; trouble with Franklin - his character, 35; dropped from diplomatic service, 39; attempt to visit Madrid, 50. Lee, Richard Henry, on committee on diplomatic ceremonial, 32.
Lee, William, minister to Vienna, not received, 50.
Lesseps, F. de, his project for the Panama Canal, 461; French govern- ment disavows any relation to his project, 463.
Lewis and Clarke. See Expedition of. Lincoln, Abraham, his appearance in
Congress, 317; elected President, 357; his corrections of Seward's in- temperate dispatch, 361; his action on Seward's Thoughts," 362; on the Trent affair, 371; effect of his proclamation of emancipation in England, 392; tributes of the na- tions on death of, 400. Livingston, Edward, Secretary of State, 278.
Livingston, Robert R., first Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 6, 97; minister to France, instructions to open nego- tiations for purchase of New Or leans, 190; his jealousy of Monroe in negotiations, 195. Logan Act, the, its origin, 226; breach
of, in Jefferson's presidency, 229; no convictions under it, 230. Louisiana, purchase of, 187-206; pro- test of Spain against its cession, 196; extent of its territory, 197; formal transfer of, 202; act for government of, 203.
Lovell, Mr., member of Committee of Foreign Affairs, 5.
Luzerne, M., French minister to the
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