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define the time of the main clause, not to describe its circumstances ($ 323; G. 582; H. 521, i.).

201. Caesareo: equivalent to Caesaris (§ 190; G. 360, R.1; H. 395, N.2). —exstinguere, put out like a fire; hence destroy; sanguine Caesareo is therefore the instrumental abl.

202. attonitum est, was thunderstruck.

204. tuorum, thine own. By a pleasant fiction, the subjects of Augustus's empire are spoken of as his kindred or friends. - pietas, filial affection.

205. illa, the pietas, expressed by the eagerness of the gods, v. 199. 206. silentia: pl. for sing. (§ 79, d; G. 195, R.; H. 130, 3).

nouns.

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207. regentis: the use of the participle in the singular as a noun is poetic, though the language is very capricious in its use of participles as - quidem (concessive), it is true, i.e. there is no need of your being alarmed to be sure, but I will tell the story to gratify your curiosity 210. admissum, thing done, i.e. crime; sc. sit.

211. infamia, evil report.

212. falsam, predicative, i.e. equivalent to falsam esse.

213. deus (appos.), I, a god. Notice how it is purposely set next to humana for contrast. -lustro, survey. The word is primarily used of a priest who "lustrates" or purifies by going about with a ceremonial the company of worshippers; then of an officer who surveys or reviews the ranks of his troops.

214. est, would be (§ 311, c; G. 246, R.1; H. 511). — noxae, partitive genitive (§ 216, a, 3; G. 371; H. 397, 3).

215. vero, than the truth.

216. Maenala, a mountain in Southern Arcadia, fabled as the dwelling-place of nymphs and satyrs. — latebris, abl. of specification (§ 253; G. 398; H. 424).

217. Cyllene and Lycaeus, mountains of Arcadia.

218. Arcados, gen. agreeing with tyranni (Greek form as shown by the short Ŏ, requiring the nom. Arcas). As Latin poetry is imitated and translated from Greek, such forms, especially of proper names, are common.

222. deus . . . an mortalis, [whether] god or mortal (§ 211, a; G. 460; H. 353, 2). — discrimine aperto, by a plain test.

225. haec illi, spoken with scorn, as if he said, "That's his idea of a test of truth."

226. eo, abl. with contentus (§ 254, b, 2; G. 373, R.1; H. 421, iii.). missi agrees with obsidis unius.

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227. unius, here simply a. The force of unus is sometimes weakened (as is that of quidam) until it becomes little more than an indefinite article.

In the same way the demonstrative pronouns are often used for the definite article.

228. ita, i.e. just as he was, with his throat cut. — partim, not partly, but a part of, etc. - semineces, half dead, i.e. not yet thoroughly cold in

death.

230. simul (= simul ac), as soon as. vindice flamma, avenging flame, i.e. the thunderbolt.

231. dignos, i.e. because they did not prevent the crime.

232. territus fugit, etc.: this transformation to a wolf is suggested perhaps by the name Lycaon (Greek Aúkos). It corresponds with the wild superstition of the were-wolf, which makes the subject of many old popular tales. The name lycanthropy is given to a particular form of madness connected with this superstition. "In 1600, multitudes were attacked with the disease in the Jura, emulated the destructive habits of the wolf, murdered and devoured children, howled, walked on all-fours, so that the palms of the hands became hard and horny; and admitted that they congregated in the mountains for a sort of cannibal or devil's Sabbath. Six hundred persons were executed on their own confession." Chambers's Encyclopædia. Many notices of this superstition are found in ancient writers of many nations, especially in connection with Arcadia, a pastoral and forest country, where the inhabitants suffered greatly from wolves.

233. ab ipso, i.e. from his natural character, needing no transformation. The allusion is to foam at the mouth.

235. sanguine, abl. of cause (§ 245; G. 407; II. 416).

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240. perire: what construction would be usual in prose? (§ 320, ƒ; G. 556, R.2; H. 503, ii. 2).

241. Erinys, properly the Greek name of the divinity that inflicts vengeance for violated law, but here signifying the instigator of crime (Virg. Æn. vii. 324).

242. putes, you might suppose; cf. scires, v. 162 (§ 311, a; N.1; G. 252; H. 485).—jurasse, sc. homines. —dent = let them pay (§ 226; G. 256; H. 483). — ocius, § 93, a.

243. stat, is fixed.

244. frementi, sc. ei.

245. partes, their part, as members of the council.—adiciunt, i.e. they spur him already excited.—-assensibus, opposed to voce, the first part made speeches, the second only assented (assentior), as was the custom in the Roman Senate.

246. jactura, destruction: the image is from the casting of goods over

board in a storm at sea.- dolori (§ 233; G. 350; H. 390), a cause of grief.

247. mortalibus (abl. of separation) orbae, bereft of men. 249. populandas, § 294, d; G. 431; H. 544, 2, N.2

250. quaerentes, sc. eos, object of vetat.-enim: he forbids them to tremble, for the rest [he says] shall be his care. — sibi, emphatic. 251. superum for superorum, § 40, e; G. 29, 3; H. 52, 3.

254. sacer, i.e. as the abode of the gods.

256. adfore tempus, etc., subj. of esse, following reminiscitur. — in fatis: the Destinies were above the gods themselves.

257. correpta, sc. flammis.

258. mundi moles operosa, the fabric of the world wrought with toil. -laboret, be endangered. The doctrine, perhaps borrowed from the East, belongs to the stories of periodic conflagrations of the world.

259. manibus with fabricata. The thunderbolts, Jupiter's weapons, were forged by the Cyclops.

262. Æoliis antris, the caves of Æolus. (Compare Virg. Æn. ii. 52–63.) - aquilonem: the north-west wind, bringing (in Italy) cold and dry weather.

265. tectus vultum, wrapping his face (§ 240, c, N.; G. 332, R.2; H. 378).

266. canis capillis: the poets often use the abl. without a preposition to denote the place whence.

267. fronte: the simple abl. instead of the abl. with in.— sinus, folds, or rounded outline of the clouds, which represent his garments.

268. nubila, mists; nimbi, storm-clouds. - ut. . . pressit: the ancients thought that thunder was caused by the clashing of the clouds. 270. colores: § 240, c, N.; G. 332, R.2; H. 378.

271. Iris, the goddess of the rainbow, was the messenger of Juno. alimenta nubibus adfert: as if the rainbow were a pathway for the waters. (Compare "the sun drawing water.")

273. vota, i.e. the crops, object of their vows.

274. caelo suo: the heavens were the especial realm of Jupiter. Abl. after contenta (§ 254, b, 2; G. 398; H. 424).

275. caeruleus frater, Neptune, called caeruleus because he is god of the dark blue sea. (See Fig. 4.)

277. hortamine: abl. after utendum.

279. domos, i.e. the hollows and clefts which are the home of the waters.― mole, dike.

280. totas habenas, let loose all the reins, as if the streams were horses, and the water-gods their drivers.

281. ora relaxant, 1.e. take from their mouth the pressure of the curb. The figure of horses is kept through the three lines.

Fig. 4.

Neptune.

284. intremuit, quaked. — motu, i.e. motus terræ, earthquake.

286. satis (participle of sero), the crops.

287. sacris, i.e. the altar, statues, etc., belonging to the penetralia.—suis, refers to penetralia.

288. siqua (i.e. si qua), if any (§ 105, d; G. 302; H. 190, 1).

289. hujus: limiting culmen.

290. pressae, submerged.

292. deerant, dissyllable.

293. hic, alter, one, another. - cymba, loc. abl.

294. illic ubi, on the very spot where. 295. villae, farmhouse.

296. summa in ulmo, in the top of an elm (§ 193; G. 287, R.; H. 440, N.2).

299. Notice the alliteration in graciles gramen and carpsere capellae.

302. Nereides, the daughters of the sea-god Nereus. (See Fig. 5.) 303. agitata, i.e. so as to make them shake.

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lay between Boeotia and the mountain range of Eta, which separates it from Thessaly.

316. verticibus duobus: this is not correct. Parnassus has only one chief peak; but there are two spurs renowned in the worship of

Dionysus (Bacchus), and having the Castalian fount between them. This has occasioned the error.

318. Deucalion, son of Prometheus, and father of Hellen, the eponymous hero of the Hellenes (Greeks). — hic ubi adhaesit, while he clung to this.

320. Corycidas: Corycus was a grotto sacred to the nymphs, on the slopes of Parnassus. The numina montis are the Muses.

321. Themin (§ 64, Ex. 4; G. 72, R.1; G. 68, Ex. 5): Themis, goddess of justice, was daughter of Uranus. She presided over the oracle of Delphi, which afterwards belonged to Apollo.

322. aequi: § 218, b; G. 374; H. 399, ii.

323. metuentior deorum, more reverent to the gods.

324. ut videt, when he sees.

325. modo, but just now, qualifying tot.

328. disjecit, rent asunder.- aquilone. (Compare v. 262.)

330. tricuspide telo, trident, the weapon of Neptune, who is called in the next line rector pelagi.

331. supra profundum, sc. mare, construed with exstantem, which agrees with Tritona. (Compare Virgil, Æn. i. 144.)

332. innato murice: Triton here appears, like Glaucus, overgrown with shell-fish and seaweed. He was a sea-god, son of Neptune, and is represented as blowing on a conch-shell.

335. bucina tortilis, "the winding horn," a spiral shell. — illi, dat. of agency (§ 232, b; G. 352, R.; H. 388, 4).

336. crescit, broadens. — turbine, mouthpiece (shaped like a top). 337. aera, his breath.

338. sub utroque Phoebo: the rising and the setting sun.

339. dei, Triton.

340. contigit, sc. bucina.

341. undis, dat. of agency; cf. illi, v. 335, and quibus, v. 342. The undae telluris are the waves which then covered the land; the undae aequoris, those which properly belonged to the sea.

346. diem: dies when it means time is feminine. — nudata, bared (of waves).

348. quem, where a demonstrative pronoun would be used in English (§ 201, e; G. 612; H. 453).

349. agere, keep. The use of agere with silentium is common in this

sense.

352. patruelis origo: Deucalion was son of Prometheus; Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora. Prometheus and Epimetheus were brothers, sons of Iapetus.

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