29. Gallus, another elegiac poet, contemporary of Ovid, also renowned

as a soldier, in east and west: Lycoris was the name of his mistress.

31. cum, though.

34. Tagi: a river of Spain, then famed for its gold mines.

36. Castalia: a fountain at Delphi, sacred to Apollo.

37. myrtum: this plant was sacred to Venus.

38. sollicito amante (abl. abs.), while lovers are anxious. 39. fata, death.

2. Elegy on a Parrot.

II. 6. 2. exsequias, funeral procession; in the expression exsequias ire, the accusative is regularly used without a preposition.

7. quod scelus ista querella, that lamentation for the crime which, etc. - Ismarii, Thracian; this was Tereus, king of Thrace. - - Philomela, the nightingale.

8. expleta, etc., i.e. you have lamented long enough for that.

9. devertere, imperative.

10. Itys, son of Tereus, served up to him by his wife Progne, and her sister Philomela, in revenge for an atrocious crime.

15. juvenis Phocēus, Pylades, son of King Strophius of Phocis, and friend of Orestes.

17. rari coloris, genitive of quality (§ 215; G. 364; H. 396, v.). 19. ut, when.

21. hebetare, make dull.

22. Punica, of Tyrian dye, a deep crimson. rubro, of a reddish yellow, or orange.

23. vocum, genitive, depending upon simulantior (§ 218, b; G. 374; H. 399, ii.).

28. fiant anus, i.e. grow old.

29. minimo, abl. of means, not of fulness. — prae sermonis amore,

by reason of your love of talking.

30. ora, synecdochical accusative.

34. auctor, prophet.

35. invisa Minervae: the crow had lost the favor of Minerva by prating (see Met. ii. 551).

36. vix moritura: the longevity of the crow has always been proverbial.

38. extremo ab orbe, from the ends of the earth.

40. suis, i.e. of their years.

41. Phylacidae, Protesilaus, the first slain of the Greeks at the siege

139

of Troy; Thersites, a loud-mouthed and mutinous soldier in the Grecian

army at Troy.

44. per mare rapta, swept to nought.

45 septima lux, i.e. of his illness.

46. vacuo colo: the thread of his life had been spun out. The Parcæ, or Fates, were represented as spinning out the thread of life.

48. Corinna, the name of the girl referred to in v. 43.

54. unica, the only one of his kind. The belief of the ancients was that there was but one phoenix at a time, and upon his death a young one sprang from his ashes.

55. ales Junonia, the peacock.

61. colligor, etc., it is inferred from my very tomb that I, etc. (§ 330, d; G. 528, R.; H. 534, I, N1.).

82. ora fuere mihi, etc., I had a mouth taught to speak more than (would be expected of) a bird.

3. Farewell to the Loves.

*III. 15. 1. mater Amorum, Venus.

2. meta: a conical pillar, or goal, at the end of the Circus, about which the chariots turned in the race, of course often grazing it.— elegis, dative of agent.

3. quos relates to elegis (Amores). — Peligni: see Life of Ovid. 5. ordinis, sc. equestris: this was an aristocracy of wealth in Rome; here it appears to indicate a class of country gentlemen, to which Ovid says his family belonged.

6. militiae turbine: referring to the parvenu aristocracy which had sprung from the civil wars.

7. Catullo, a lyric poet of extraordinary merit, who lived about a generation before Ovid (B.C. 87).

9. coëgerat ad arma, in the Social or Italian War, B.C. 90. This was a revolt of the Italian allies, among them the Peligni, to force from Rome an equality of political rights.

15. Amathusia, an epithet of Venus, from Amathus, a city of Cyprus.

16. aurea, etc., pluck up your golden standards, i.e. decamp.

17. corniger: Bacchus was sometimes represented with horns, as a symbol of the powers of nature; it was chiefly in his mystic worship (see Tib. ii. 1, 3).

18. area major: this refers to his undertaking greater works, Metamorphoses and the Fasti.

the

16. modo de multis, from many a short time before; they had dwindled to one or two.

19. nata, his daughter Perilla.

20. certior, informed.

22. non taciti funeris, of a funeral with loud lamentations.

30. frustra, in vain, for he was not saved from banishment.—lari, abode. 32. jam, again.

35. sero, etc. taking up a shield after one is wounded is like shutting the stable door after the horse is stolen. Ovid feels that it is now too late to defend himself.

36. odiis, ablative of deprivation.

37. caelesti viro, Augustus.

40. deo, i.e. Augusto.

44. exstinctos: the hearth fire was out, for the master of the house was banished.

48. Parrhasis, Arcadian; the Great Bear was originally an Arcadian maiden, a companion of Diana, named Callisto.

50. fugae, exile.

57. vale dicto, ablative absolute.

62. utraque, i.e. for either reason.

66. Thesea, i.e. with the love of Theseus for Pirithous.

68. in lucro, counted as gain.

72. Lucifer, the morning star (the planet Venus).

75. Mettus (Fufetius), king of Alba, who was thus punished for treachery by Tullus Hostilius (Liv. i. 28).

83. et mihi facta via est, for me, too, the way is made ready. ultima, far distant.

86. Caesar erit, shall be Cæsar, i.e. a ruler whom I cannot disobey. 88. utilitate, i.e. that this was best. manus, i.e. like a captive.

89. ferri, the technical term for carrying upon the bier.

92. sēm (i)ănĭmis, only four syllables (§ 347, d, R.).— media domo,

abl. of place (§ 258, ƒ, 2; G. 386; H. 425, 2, N.2).

100. mei, for me; objective genitive, limiting respectu.

2. The Exile's Sick-Chamber.

III. 3. 2. eram, epistolary imperfect (§ 282; G. 244; H. 472, 1). 5. animi, partitive genitive with quid. — regione, locative ablative. 6. inter, among, not between; for both these tribes were north of Tomi: the Sauromatæ (Sarmata) inhabited Southern Russia, the Getæ, the modern Moldavia and Wallachia.

8. nescio quo modo, somehow.

10. Apollinea: Æsculapius, god of healing, was son of Apollo.

16. parte, than a part, i.e. you hold my whole heart.

19. sic qualifies aliena locutum

22. restituenda, sc. erit.

been delirious.

23. nuntiet aliquis, let some one announce, i.e. if any one should say. 31. quantum erat, how great a task would it have been.

33. fuisset praecepisset, should have been, etc.; pluperfect subjunctive, denoting an unfulfilled obligation in past time (§ 266, e).

35. integer, i.e. unharmed by exile.

41. dominae, of my wife.

47. ut audieris, when you hear it; future perfect.

57. ferendo, by bearing them.

58. rude, inexperienced.

62. Samii senis, Pythagoras. — rata, authentic.

65. referantur: after facio, especially in the imperative, ut is often

omitted.

67. fratrem, Polynices; who was killed in the war of "the Seven against Thebes," and buried by his sister Antigone, contrary to the command of the tyrant Creon.

70. suburbano: the Roman tombs were along the sides of the roads which led from the city.

72. tituli, inscription, limits notis (§ 214, f; G. 359; H. 396, vi.). 77. majora monumenta, predicate.

81. exstincto, sc. mihi, to me when I am dead. - feralia munera: gifts carried to the grave of the departed; there was a special festival styled Feralia, celebrated Feb. 21.

88. vale, i.e. good health.

3. To Perilla.

III. 7. 1. perarata, written, lit. ploughed through; for the ancients often wrote by scratching with a pointed stylus upon wax-covered tablets. —

Perillam: Perilla was Ovid's daughter. She inherited something of her father's poetic talent (see vv. 11–32).

6. nec mora, sc. est, immediately.

8. mala nostra, my woes. —levata, sc. esse.

10. cogere, depending upon reverti, is equivalent to ad cogendum. 12. non patrio is explained in the next line, for a maiden to whom nature had given mores pudicos could not write in Ovid's earlier manner.

15. hoc, i.e. ingenium. — Pegasidas undas, the waters of Hippocrene, a spring on Mount Helicon in Boeotia, sacred to the Muses; hence used, like Castalia, to mean poetry. Hippocrene was said to have sprung forth under the hoof of the winged horse Pegasus.

16. male limits periret.

19. ignes, fires, i.e. genius. — idem, nominative plural.

20. Lesbia, Sappho, the Lesbian poetess.

24. tui, objective genitive with judex, equivalent to tuus.

26. cessares: the subjunctive occasionally follows ubi in clauses having the force of general conditions. This is very rare in Ovid and his contemporaries, but becomes more common in later writers. ruboris: she blushed for her negligence.

27. exemplo, by example, i.e. dreading my fate.

28. tu...

causa

meae, you also have followed the acts of my punishment, i.e. have given up writing or changed your style. But the line may be corrupt, and several emendations have been proposed.

32. sacra, because poetry was sacred to the Muses.

36. strepitum non faciente, noiseless.

40. censibus, riches, as estimated by the census.

41. id quodcumque, whatever (that whichever).

42. Irus, the beggar in the Odyssey; Croesus, a king of Lydia. These two are proverbial examples of poverty and wealth.

45. cum, although.

46. mihi, dative of reference (§ 229; G. 344, R.2; H. 385, 2) equivalent to an ablative of separation.

53. maneat, subjunctive of wish.

4. Winter Scenes in Thrace.

III. 10. 3. suppositum agrees with me, and governs stellis. The stars which never touch the sea (i.e. set) are the north star and those near it. He who is under them is in the far north.

5. Bessi, natives of Thrace: for the others see III. 3, 6.

6. quam qualifies non digna, how unworthy.