adjectives thus used are generally such as signify quantity; as— Plus ca'cis. Ex pauxillo a'icujus liquoris. Paululum spiritûs. Ex tantillo hujus liquoris. Rule 11. Opus and usus, denoting necessity, convenience, or expediency, are followed by the ablative of the thing wanted; as Quando alvi ductione opus sit. Rule 12. Adjectives signifying desire, knowledge, memory, fear, &c., and the contraries to these require a genitive case; as Ad alvum officii immemorem excitandum. Rule 13. Partitives and words placed partitively, comparatives, superlatives, interrogatives, and some numerals, govern the genitive plural; as Una pi'ul rum. [Note. Unus, when used as a numeral, takes de, or e, or ex, after it, and seldom the genitive plural. Hence una ex pilulis would be preferable to una pilularam.] Verbs. Rule 14. A verb signifying actively governs the accusative; as Recipe unciam (vel drachmam.) Capiat cochleare. Mitte sanguinem. Sumat unam [pilulam.] Rule 15. Verbs of giving, taking away, composing, &c., and many verbs compounded with ad, in, ob, præ, sub, govern an accusative and dative, if the verb be active; if passive, a dative only. Da infantulo lactenti cochleare minimum aquæ Rule 16. Utor, and some other words, govern the ablative; as Utatur sequenti. Utatur pediluvio. Utatur ager equitatione. Rule 17. One verb governs another in the infinitive; as Caput tonderi debet. Rule 18. Participles, gerunds, and supines, govern the case of their own verbs; as Augendo dosin. Augendo minuendovè quantitatem. Fiat linimentum, cervici et scapulis infricandum. Instillando tincturæ opii guttas sex. Rule 19. Natus, editus, creatus, and some other participles, require an ablative case, and oftentimes with a preposition; as Nata humoris detractio ab emplastro cantharidis. Rule 20. The gerund in di is governed by substantives or adjectives; as Tempore canandi. Tempore capiendi. Rule 21. Gerunds governing the accusative may be elegantly turned into the participles in dus, which agree with their substantives in gender, number, and case; as Ad acorem compescendum. Ad alvum excitandum. On the Construction of Circumstances. Circumstances are five: Cause, Manner, Instrument, Place, and Time; and they are common to the verbs and nouns. Rule 22. The cause, manner, and instrument, are put in the ablative; as Pleno rivo. More solita. Eodem modo. Manu calida. Ope penicilli. Curetur pars exulce rata unguento sabine. Alvo hisce medicamentis liberè soluta. Igne leni. Rule 23. Nouns signifying part of time, and answering to the question quando (when ?), are put in the ablative; as Omni nocte. Sextis horis. Tempore matutino. Rule 24. But nouns signifying duration of time, and answering to the question quamdiu (how long?), are generally put in the accusative, the prepositions ad, in, intra, inter, being frequently expressed; per, as Per horam. Per tres noctes. Inter noctem. Rule 25. A substantive and a participle, whose case depends upon no other word, are put in the ablative absolute; as Uigente tussi. Vase priùs agitato. cessante. Of Prepositions. Peracta Fluxu Rule 26. The prepositions ad, apud, ante, inter, per, pone, secundum, &c., govern the accusative; asAd uncias decem. Adversum renes. Inter scapulas. Pone aurem. Infra cubitos. Prope cartilaginem thyroideam. Rule 27. The prepositions a, ab, cum, de, e or ex, pro, &c., govern the ablative; as Cum cochlearibus tribus. E brachio. Ex largo vulnere. De novo. Rule 28. Some prepositions govern either the ablative or the accusative; thus, in, signifying in, governs the ablative; when it signifies into, an accusativ Sub, super, and some others, also govern either ca as In urethram. Bis in die. In partes excoriatas. Rule 29. Verbs compounded with a, ab, ad, con, de, e, ex, in, sometimes repeat the same prepositions, with their case out of composition, and that elegantly; as Detrahantur de hypochondrio dextro sanguinis uncia deceт. Of Conjunctions. Rule 30. The conjunctions et, ac, atque, aut, vel, and some others, couple like cases and moods; as— Duabus vel tribus horis. Post singulas sedes liquidas vel singulas vomitiones. Admoveantur parti effecta hirudines sex, et pro re nata repetantur. Rule 31. The following conjunctions are generally found governing a subjunctive mood: ut, si, ne, donec, &c.; as Ut fiat haustus. Donec alvus responderit. Donec vomitus supervenerit. Si vigilia anxerint. Si tussis increbuerit. Of Adverbs. Rule 32. Some adverbs of quantity, time, and place, govern the genitive; as Quod satis est sacchari albi. Quantum sufficiat aquæ. II. GRAMMATICAL EXPLANATION OF PRESCRIPTIONS. It will be sufficient, perhaps, to present the student with a grammatical explanation of two prescriptions: (3) Olei Anthemidis gtt. v. (4) Conservæ Rosæ quantum sufficiat ut fiat massula in pilulas viginti dividenda, quarum sumat æger tres octavis horis. (1) RECIPE, verb active, imp. mood, 2d pers. sing. agreeing with Tu understood (Rule 2;) from Recipio, ère, cepi, ceptum, 3d conj. act. Governs an accusative. (Rule 14.) DRACHMAM, noun subst. acc. sing. from Drachma, æ, f. 1st. decl. Governed by Recipe. (Rule 14.) CUM, preposition. Governing an ablative case (Rule 27.) SEMISSE, subst. abl. case, from Semissis, is, f. 3d decl. Governed by cum. (Rule 27.) CAREONATIS, subst. gen. sing. from Carbonas, atis. f. 3d decl. Governed by Drachmam. (Rule 9.) FERRI, subst. gen. sing. from Ferrum, i, n. 2d decl. Governed by Carbonatis. (Rule 9, and note.) (2) RECIPE, understood. GRANA, subst. acc. pl. from Granum, i, n. 2d decl. Governed by Recipe, understood. (Rule 14.) QUINDECIM, adj. indeclin. PULVERIS, subst. gen. sing. from Pulvis, eris. m. (3) RECIPE, understood. GUTTAS, subst. acc. pl. from Gutta, æ, f. 1st decl. OLEI, subst. gen. sing. from Oleum, ei, n. 2d decl. |