dry leaves or grass upon the ground. The young birds learn to run as soon as hatched, frequently encumbered with part of the shell sticking to them; and picking up slugs, grain, ants, &c.-See the 'Partridges, an Elegy,' in T.T. for 1817, p. 282. There are in blow, in this month, nasturtia, china aster, marigolds, sweet peas, mignionette, golden rod, stocks, tangier pea, holy-oak, michaelmas daisy, saffron (crocus sativus), and ivy (hedera helix). Among the maritime plants may be named, the marsh glass-wort (salicornia herbacea), and the seastork's bill (erodium maritimum), on sandy shores; and the officinal marshmallow (althæa officinalis) in salt marshes. Herrings (clupea) pay their annual visit to England in this month, and afford a rich harvest to the inhabitants of its eastern and western coasts. Exclusive of the various methods of preparing this fish for sale, in different countries, an immense quantity of oil is drawn from it, forming a great and important commercial article among the northern nations. Various of the feathered tribe now commencé their autumnal music; among these, the thrush, the blackbird, and the woodlark, are now conspicuous. The phalana russula', and the saffron butterfly 3 The MOTH. When dews fall fast, and rosy day While evening breezes bend the future sheaves; Votary of vesper's humid light, The moth, pale wand'rer of the night, From his green cradle comes, amid the whispering leaves. The birds on insect life that feast, Now in their woody coverts rest: The swallow slumbers in his dome of clay, And of the numerous tribes who war On the small denizens of air, The shrieking bat alone is on the wing for prey. Eluding him, on lacey plume The silver moth enjoys the gloom, (papilio hyale), appear in this month. Flies (musca) abound in our windows.-See T.T. for 1816, p. 240; and for 1817, p. 274. For some pretty lines addressed to a fly, see T.T. for 1817, p. 277.-Thesnake sloughs or casts its skin in this month. The chimney or common swallow (hirundo rustica) disappears about the end of September. The congregating flocks of swallows and martins on house tops, but principally upon the towers of churches on our coast, are very beautiful and amusing in this and the succeeding month. See our last volume, p. 241.Of the migration and torpidity of the swallow, we have already treated at length, in T.T. for 1814, 1815, and 1816; to these volumes, therefore, we refer the ingenious naturalist, and to Mr. Forster's Observations on the Brumal Retreat of the Swallow, third edition, for further information on this curious subject. See also our last volume, p. 243, and the Swallows,' an Elegy, in T.T. for 1817, p. 128. Many of the small billed birds that feed on insects disappear when the cold weather commences. The throstle, the red-wing, and the fieldfare, which migrated in March, now return; and the ring-ouzel Glancing on tremulous wing through twilight bowers, Now quivers on the jasmine bough, And sucks with spiral tongue the balm of sleeping flowers. Yet if from open casement stream The taper's bright aspiring beam, And strike with comet ray his dazzled sight; Nor perfumed leaf, nor honied flower, To check his wild career have power, But to the attracting flame he takes his rapid flight. Round it he darts in dizzy rings, And soon his soft and powdered wings Are singed; and dimmer grow his pearly eyes, His fragile form is lost-the wretched insect dies! SMITH, arrives from the Welsh and Scottish Alps to winter in more sheltered situations. All these birds feed upon berries, of which there is a plentiful supply, in our woods, during a great part of their stay. The throstle and the red-wing are delicate eating. Hazel-nuts are now ripe, and the filberd-tree is laden with its agreeable fruit. See a description of the hazel and filberd-tree, with some beautiful lines on the latter, at p. 119. The oak begins to shed its acorns, and the beech nuts fall; both of which are termed mast. A luxurious pasturage is afforded for such hogs as are kept on the borders of forests, for about six weeks, from the end of September.-See our volume for 1816, p. 272. The autumnal equinox happens on the 22d of September, and, at this time, the days and nights are equal all over the earth. About this period, heavy storms of wind and rain are experienced, as well as at the vernal equinox. Now reape up your barlie, least that it be lost, Your beanes and your peason to quite care and cost So shall you do nothing too late, or too soone. In perill may put thee. Chis month, whose tytle ends in R, DESCRIPTION OF FRUIT TREES. QUINCE TREE (pyrus cydonia).-This is a low, crooked, and distorted tree, which is covered with a brown bark, and much branched. The leaves are sometimes roundish, and at other times egg-shaped, of a dusky green colour above, and whitish underneath. It is one of the first exotic fruits that was brought into England. The quince is also supposed to have been the Golden Apple of the Hesperides, so famous in antient fable. The tree may be raised from the kernels of the fruit sown in autumn; but there is no certainty that they will produce the same sort of good fruit, neither do they soon begin to bear. On this account the several varieties are propagated by cuttings and layers, as well as suckers from trees that grow upon their own roots; and also by grafting and budding. There are three principal varieties. The Pear quince, which is an oblong fruit lengthened at the base. The Apple quince, which is a rounder kind; and the Portugal quince, which is more juicy, and not so harsh as the two for mer, and therefore most valuable. This fruit has a peculiar smell and an austere taste when raw, but is greatly esteemed when prepared. The juice was formerly made into a syrup; and often expressed and taken to allay nausea, vomiting, and similar disorders. When used in small quantities it is said to be cooling and restringent. A mucilage is prepared from quince seeds by boiling a drachm of them in eight ounces of water until it acquires a proper consistence, but any of the simple gums will more effectually serve the same purpose. Standard quinces designed as fruit trees may be planted in the garden or orchard, and some by the side of a fishpond or ditch, as they delight in moisture. They may also be planted in shrubberies, either as full or low standards, and should always be permitted to take their own way of growth. The wood of this tree is rarely applicable to any other use than for fuel; as the stem like that of the apple, to which it is so nearly allied, seldom grows to any considerable size. RASPBERRY-BUSH (rubus idaus).-This well known bush is generally about two feet high, and thickly set with small prickles. The stems remain upright till the second year, when they begin to bear fruit and then lie down. This fruit was antiently X called Raspis or Raspisberry, and in some countries Hind-berry; and by some persons Framboise, from the French. It is found all over Europe in moist situations, in woods and hedges, but it is remarkably plentiful in Wales and in some parts of Scotland. Although the raspberry, in its natural state, is grateful to most palates, sugar certainly improves the flavour, and hence it has been converted into a sweatmeat, as well as used to communicate a most delicious flavour to currant-pies. When ripe it dis solves the tartar, which is so injurious to the teeth; and is fragrant, slightly acid and cooling; so that it allays heat and thirst in common with other summer fruits. Young kids are extremely fond of the fresh leaves. There are three varieties of the common sort, and some other species, all of which deserve notice. The varieties are the Red-fruited, the White-fruited, the Twice-bearing, and the Smooth raspberry, which last is thought to be a distinct species. These are certainly accidental varieties; and the size of their fruit has been much increased by culture, but probably at the expence of their flavour. The Virginian raspberry, which grows in North America, has purplish stalks that rise higher than the English sorts. It is known at first sight by the blue cloud or bloom on the stem. The fruit is generally black, but there is a red variety, which has a tarter and pleasanter taste than the European raspberry. The Dewberry bramble is a species of wild raspberry, like the common bramble; the berries it produces are agrecably acid, and have not that faint, unpleasant, taste which distinguishes the common Blackberry. The latter, however, is equally allied to the raspberry genus, and though it is a troublesome weed, produces one of the essential ingredients in elder-wine, which is so much valued for its domestic uses. The bramble will also form the most impenetrable of all live fences, while its green |