legii Exoniensis in Academiâ Oxoniensi Socio, et Ecclesiæ Mamhead, in Agro Devoniensi, Rectore.” "An Essay on Medals *;" 8vo.

"Memorials of Human Superstition: being a Commentary on the Abbé Boileau's Historia Flagellantium. By J. L. De Lolme, Author of the Work on the Constitution of England," 8vo.

66

translate and explain the difficult Passages in the Story of Deborah, with the Assistance of Kennicott's Collations, Rossi's Versions, and Critical Conjectures, 1788," 4to. "Letters from Paris, 1792-3," 2 vols. 8vo. "Praise of Paris, 1803," 2 vols. Svo. 'Flegia Grayana Græcè, Interprete Stephano Weston, S. T. B. 1794," 4to. "Conjectures, with some Comments and Illustrations of various Passages in the New Testament, particularly in the Gospel of St. Matthew. To which is added a Specimen of Notes on the Old Testament, 1795," 4to. "Fast Sermon, 1799." "A Specimen of the Conformity of the European Languages, particularly the English, with the Oriental Languages, especially the Persian; in the Order of the Alphabet; with Notes and Authorities, 1802," 8vo "Q. Horatius Flaccus, cum Locis quibusdam è Græcis Scriptoribus collatis, quæ Critici in Commentariis suis nondùm animadverterunt. Accedit Index perpetuus ad Auctores à Wagnero laudatos, necnon Odæ, O Fons, et Intermissa Venus, è Latino in Græcum conversæ. Editio altera, 1805," Svo. "Arabic Aphorisms, with Persian Comment, 1805." "" Fragments of Oriental Literature, with an Outline of a Painting on a curious China Vase, 1807," Svo. "Supplement to the German Grammar, 1808." "The Turtle-dove, a Poem, 1808." "The Sunday Lessons for the Morning and Evening Service throughout the Year; with those for Christmas-day and Good Friday; illustrated with a perpetual Commentary, Notes, and an Index, Part I.; containing the First Lessons, 1808. Part II.; containing the Second Lessons, 1809," 12mo. "Kien Lung; a Chinese Poem, 1809." "Conquest of the Miaotse, a Chinese Poem, 1810," (engraved by Mutlow.) "Remains of Arabic in the Spanish and Portuguese, 1810." "Specimen of a Chinese Dictionary, with the Keys explained, (Mutlow) 1812." " Persian and English Ambassadors, with 15 new Persian Tales, and Portrait of Sir Robert Shirley, 1812." "Persian Distichs, or Florilegium Persicum, 1814;" with additions to his Conformity enlarged, 1803, and an Index to the Persian words.-To Mr. Weston his Friends are also indebted for a considerable number of ingenious Fugitive Essays, both in Prose and Verse; amongst which "Cracherode in the Shades," and "The Tears of the Booksellers on the Death of Dr. Gossett," deserve especial notice.

*This Essay, originally published without a name, and since considerably enlarged and improved by its learned Author, John Pinkerton, Esq.; is become the standard work for information, on this interesting and useful subject.

This eminent Political Writer was born at Geneva about

1745;

1785.

"The Duties of the Parochial Clergy considered, in a Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Bangor, at the Primary Visitation held in the

1745; received a liberal education, and embraced the profession of the Law; but did not long practise as an Advocate, before he formed the resolution of quitting his native country, that he might display his lively talents and his literary acquirements on a more conspicuous theatre of action, and might personally observe the constitutions and customs of more powerful States. The English Government, in particular, excited his curiosity; and he resolved to study its nature, and examine its principles, with particular care and attention. He even endeavoured, in the first work which he published after his arrival in England, to lead his Readers into an opinion that he was a native of this favoured country. It was written in our language, and appeared in 1772, with the title, "A Parallel between the English Government and the former Government of Sweden; containing some Observations on the late Revolution in that Kingdom, and an Examination of the Causes that secure us against both Aristocracy and Absolute Monarchy." Many of our Countrymen were apprehensive that our Constitution might be subverted, like that of Sweden; but the learned Doctor (for M. De Lolme had previously taken the degree of LL. D.) by contrasting with the polity of England the Government which Gustavus III. had overturned, plausibly argued that such fears were ill founded. He soon after commenced the work which established his literary and political fame, "The Constitution of England, or an Account of the English Government in which it is compared, both with the Republican Form of Government, and the other Monarchies in Europe." It was applauded, on its first appearance (in Holland) in the French language, as a very ingenious and spirited performance, combining originality of thought with justness of remark and perspicuity of expression. A translation of it being earnestly desired, the Author enlarged and improved it, and published the first English edition in June 1775, 8vo. It was supposed that he was the Translator of his own work from the French; and his great knowledge of our language was the subject of high encomium. But, if the general style of the work be compared with that of the dedication, which, in every sentence, bears marks of a foreign pen, it will readily be concluded, that the body of the publication was chiefly translated by an Englishman, under the Author's eye. His next publication was the above-mentioned "History of the Flagellants; or, Memorials of Human Superstition." His attention being afterwards more usefully called to the subject of the Legislative Union between England and Scotland, by an intended re-publication of De Foe's History of that memorable transaction, he wrote, in 1787, a judicious essay, calculated for an introduction to that. work. The fate of this Essay, however, was somewhat sin

gular.

Months of August and September, 1784. By John [Warren] Lord Bishop of Bangor. To which is added, An Appendix, containing Directions concerning the Instruments proper to be brought for obtaining Orders, &c. Together with some other Matters."

gular. When it was completed at the press, the Author and his Bookseller quarreled about the price; and the Essay (enlarged by the Author into a separate Work, " on the Kingdoms of Scotland and Ireland") remained, unpublished, and unpaid for, in the Printer's warehouse, and was finally converted to waste paper. In the following year appeared his "Observations relative to the Tax upon Window-lights, the Shop-tax, and the Impost upon Hawkers and Pedlars." In these he urges his objections with humour as well as argument. When the question of the Regency agitated the minds of the publick, he wrote, in 1789, "Observations upon the National Embarrassment, and the Proceedings in Parliament relative to the same." In this Pamphlet he coincides with the plan proposed by Mr. Pitt, and adopted by the Parliament, with the concurrence of the great majority of the Nation. These are supposed to be all Mr. De Lolme's avowed publications; but he wrote some Letters in the Newspapers, particularly a very ingenious paper on the question, "whether the Impeachment of Mr. Hastings abated by a Dissolution of Parliament?" He wrote also, in 1779, a long and laboured "Justification of the Council at Madras ;" an 8vo pamphlet of about 170 pages (of which 2000 copies were printed) on a subject which was settled without the necessity of making it public. It is not exactly known at what time he left England; but he died in Swisserland in 1807, leaving a name certainly of considerable eminence in the Annals of Literature. His perception was acute, and his mind vigorous. Not content with a hasty or superficial observation of the characters of Men and the affairs of States, he examined them with a philosophic spirit and a discerning eye. He could ably speculate on the different modes of Government, develope the disguised views of Princes and Ministers, and detect the arts and intrigues of demagogues and pseudo-patriots. His work on the Constitution of England has been generally supposed the most rational and enlightened survey of the subject; but De Lolme was not much a gainer by it. It was discouraged on its first appearance; and, though mentioned with high respect by some leading men in Parliament, nothing substantial was done for its Author. His private life, however, had many singularities; and De Lolme was not a man to be provided for by casual bounty, or casual patronage. He expected, and had reason to expect, some permanent reward that might have led to independence. Disappointed in this, his pride of spirit would not suffer him to solicit inferior rewards. At times he was a successful speculator in the Public Funds. The Writer of this article has more than once seen a handfull

of

"A Collection of Theological Tracts. By Richard Watson, D. D. F. R. S. Lord Bishop of Landaff, and Regius Professor of Divinity in the University of Cambridge." In Six Volumes, 8vo.

of Bank Notes so obtained; with which it was his habit to retire from the world till all was consumed. For some years, when inquiries were made by men of rank, who probably meant to have assisted him, it was alınost impossible to trace his lodgings, which he frequently changed, and in some of which he passed by fictitious names. He was discovered, however, in his retreat, by a benevolent member of the "Literary Fund;" and condescended to accept, as a present, some welcome pecuniary relief. In 1807, an Edition of his work on the Constitution was published, illustrated by Notes, and a critical and biographical Preface by Dr. Charles Coote.-See more of him in Mr. Chalmers's Edition of the "Biographical Dictionary;" and Mr. D'Israeli's" Calamities of Authors."

* Of these six Volumes only two were printed by Mr. Nichols, the others at the Cambridge press.-The Rev. John Duncombe, in Gent. Mag. vol. LV. p. 299, observes, "The benevolent design of the Right Reverend Editor is fully explained in a Preface, which breathes such a liberality of sentiment, and such a spirit of toleration, as becometh a teacher of the truth as it is in Jesus.—A plan of theological studies is here proposed; the works of Dissenters, as well as of Churchmen, are recommended; several useful remarks are interspersed on the present mode of academical education; some hints are given for its improvement, &c. &c.-The whole are introduced by a Dedication to the Queen, which, as it does no less honour to the judgment of the Writer, than justice to the character of her Majesty, we will annex.

"MADAM; No original work of mine could possibly have been so deserving of your Majesty's attention as this collection of other men's labours undoubtedly is. Our infancy is indebted to that sex, of which your Majesty is the highest ornament, for the first principles of religious education; and as one of the main objects of this publication is the preserving youth from infidelity, I cannot do the publick a greater service than by requesting your Majesty to give it your protection.

"The interests of civil society require that we should pay deference to persons of rank, even though they happen not to be persons of merit. But this is a limited and constrained deference it is paid with reluctance; and is, both in kind and extent, very unlike that which all good citizens are ambitious of shewing to your Majesty.-My character has hitherto, I trust, never been that of a flatterer; nor do I fear the imputation of it in saying, that to your Majesty's rank, alone, I would not have given even this mark, worthless as it may seem, of veneration and respect. " I verily believe your Majesty to be one of the best wives, and one of the best mothers in England. The time is approachingdistant may it be-when the recollection of the example which

you

"Antient Erse Poems, collected among the Scottish Highlands, in order to illustrate the Ossian of Mr. Macpherson*; by Thomas-Ford Hill, Esq."

you have shewn to women of every rank in these great points of female duty (the greatest on which women of the highest rank ought to build their worth of character) will give your Majesty far more comfort than I can possibiy describe; but not more than I, in conjunction with thousands in every part of the kingdom, heartily wish and pray your Majesty may at all times, and especially at that time, enjoy.

"I am, Madam, with the greatest and most sincere respect, your Majesty s most obedient servant, RICHARD LANDAFF."

* This interesting Pamphlet, consisting of 34 closely-printed pages, was not intended for sale; but printed solely for presents to the ingenious Compiler's friends. "The far greater part of it originally appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine for the years 1782 and 1783, under the signature of Tho. F. Hill. Some small additions to the original letters have been made, in order to render the present collection more perfect. Mr. Hill writes with great candour; and in his travels through the Highlands, seems to have divested himself of every undue prejudice respecting the Poems of Ossian, and to have conducted his enquiries and researches with equal diligence, judgment, and impartiality." Monthly Review, vol. LXXIII. p. 70.-From very early years Mr. Hill had cultivated an understanding of uncommon energy and vigour with unremitted assiduity. He was well acquainted with the learned languages, and most branches of philological knowledge; and, from a long residence, at different periods, on the Continent, he became intimately acquainted with several of the European tongues. His reading was various and extensive; and a memory powerfully retentive enabled him to use it with facility and advantage. He had examined with attention most parts of England and Scotland; and, while in the Highlands of the latter, had collected, with extraordinary industry, the abovementioned Poems. In 1792 he was elected F. S. A.; and in that year he published, "Observations on the Politicks of France, and their Progress since the last Summer, made in a Journey from Spain to Paris, during the Autumn of 1791;" for some account of which see Gent. Mag. vol. LXII. p. 361.—He died, July 16, 1795, at Ariano, in Pugilia, on his return to Naples, from a journey, attended with uncommon difficulty and fatigue, into Calabria. At Taranto he first was sensible of the malignant influence of the unwholesome exhalations so prevalent and fatal at that season, and which finally produced an indisposition that arrested his progress, and confined him some time at Mola di Bari. Impatient of delay, he unhappily left this place before he was sufficiently recovered, and renewed exertions occasioned a relapse which terminated fatally. The sole object of the tour was the investigation of the interesting antiquities of Magna Græcia, and its history, both natural and civil. But his un

wearied