M. L. Guthneck, vice-president; John McGregor, secretary and manager, and S. M. Strader, treasurer, with a board of twenty directors. These officers and directors bring to the affairs of the Chautauqua all the skill of experienced business and professional

men.

Zion Park Assembly was organized July 28, 1892, at Zionsville, Boone County, Indiana, by the business men of the community. It was established for "the intellectual, moral and religious benefit of the town and surrounding country. The annual assembly, conducted by the association, has been held each season since its organization, and enlists talented speakers, who present themes of literary, ethical and religious character.

Thousands of people assemble at Zion Park annually, coming from the surrounding country and towns and regions, miles distant. The meetings are interdenominational in character. During the assembly tents are scattered throughout the grounds and are occupied by various family groups, who derive pleasure as well as profit from their summer outing. Mr. J. O. Hurst, secretary, writes: "The annual assemblies have without doubt done much to heighten and broaden the life and aspirations of the whole community." Mr. John S. Hussey is President of the association, of which he, Mr. T. P. Mills and Mr. Bert Smith are Trustees.

Vacation Schools.-One of the fruitful topics of recent discussion in meetings of the N. E. A. has been that of the extension of the school term so as to include some weeks of summer instruction.

When our Indiana public school system was inaugurated, great numbers of the pupils dwelt in country communities, where they were expected to do wholesome chores before and after school hours and during the summer months to assist their parents in household tasks, or in working in the gardens and fields. Now such a large per cent of Indiana pupils live in the towns and cities; factory-made food and clothing have taken the place of so many home-made products, that few of the children of today are given wholesome home tasks to develop their resourcefulness and many are thus allowed to waste precious moments in idleness, or to fritter away the golden hours of youth. Many are inevitably led into desultory habits, which are positive handicaps when they are thrust out into the world to make their living. Manufacturers, merchants and men in other lines of business complain bitterly of the general inefficiency of many of the young people who may be, however, only the victims of a maladjusted system of education.

The inauguration of regular school work during the summer months is probably the outgrowth of vacation schools organized first to educate through play, thus keeping children off the streets. Now nearly every large city in the United States conducts summer schools for those who have lost time and for those who are old enough and strong enough to gain a grade, or half a grade. The courses of study usually cover a period of from six to eight weeks. The following Indiana towns and cities now maintain

Fort

Vacation Schools: Anderson, Evansville,
Wayne, Gary, Indianapolis, South Bend and Terre
Haute.

The South Bend Vacation School was conducted the first time in the summer of 1913. The attendance that year was about 2,200, with the same enrollment for 1914. Mr. L. J. Montgomery, superintendent of schools, writes: "We offer all work from the first grade through the high school. Classes are open to all who wish to attend. Thus pupils are able to do review work and also advance work."

Summer Schools. It is significant that Indiana teachers were among the first to demand summer instruction. This was due partly to the fact that their arduous school duties during the fall, winter and spring months, did not admit of enough free time to be devoted to their own self improvement and that the enforced rest period was unnecessarily too prolonged to suit the most active instructors. Having once tasted of the joy of adult research work, their enthusiasm for it was soon transmitted to fellow teachers. Thus many are taking advantage of summer courses in Indiana schools.

State Normal School of Indiana. From the first catalogue issued by the State Normal School, at Terre Haute, we learn that in 1870 a special session was held at Terre Haute for four weeks in July and August, which was attended by 150 students. As far as is known this was the first summer school organized in Indiana. In the summer of 1895, a few members of the faculty conducted courses in their departments, charging a small tuition therefor. The enrollment was 110, increasing to 306 in 1896. In the summer of 1898, it was found practicable to conduct the summer term as part of the regular school course, charging no tuition. The attendance was 618. 1913 about 1,000 different students were enrolled. "The object of this school," writes President W. W. Parsons, "is to meet the need of the large body of teachers in Indiana who could not attend the State Normal School or any other institution during the regular school year. Our attendance is composed very largely of this class of students."

In

Butler College. In 1900, Butler College, Irvington, Indianapolis, opened its first summer school. Special attention is paid to small groups of earnest students, desiring to make themselves more efficient in general culture. Beginning with 1908, accredited normal courses for teachers have been given in response to the Indiana law requiring specific training for A, B and C classes. In 1913, the attendance at the summer school was seventy-five. This, with the average number attending the normal school, affords opportunity for individual instruction, which it is impossible to secure in large classes. The normal course for 1914 opened at Butler College, May 25, and the summer term began June 15.

Winona College conducts two summer school terms of six weeks each, managed by President Jonathan Rigdon. The studies are arranged to meet the needs of the general student and of teachers desiring to obtain certificates of the A, B, C grades. The Chautauqua programs offer unusual cultural opportunities.

NEWSPAPERS MAGAZINES BOOK PUBLISHING

PRINTING LITHOGRAPHING ENGRAVING ELECTROTYPING

Indianapolis had a newspaper before it had mail facilities, roads, or even the most primitive means of regular communication with the outside world. There are at present over ninety daily, weekly, bimonthly, monthly and quarterly publications issued from this city. In class or industrial publications Indianapolis is exceptionally well represented, some of the most influential journals of their kind in the country being published here. In recent years this city has also become prominent as a book and music publishing center. In the mechanical and manufacturing branches of the printing business it has kept pace with the largest cities in the country, and it affords advantages in the production of blank books, coupon books, bank and county office supplies not excelled elsewhere. There are several large plants located here engaged in this work, and Indianapolis ranks third in size as a publishing center in this country.

The Indianapolis News, now the oldest daily paper published in Indianapolis, is located in the ten-story building constructed for its needs, in 1909, by Delavan Smith, one of its owners. The building is on the site of the old News building in Washington street and immediately in front of the News Mechanical building in Court street. The business and editorial offices of the paper are in the new building, while the manufacturing processes are carried on in the fireproof building constructed for that purpose in 1896. The News was founded by John H. Holliday in 1869, and has had a continuous existence from that date. It was the first two-cent (ten cents weekly) daily paper in the West. Though not an old paper, as compared with other publications in the East, yet its career spans practically the period of development of the modern newspaper.

The News has had but two owners, its founder and his associates, including Major W. Richards, and the present proprietor, Delavan Smith, with whom was associated for about twenty years Charles R. Williams as editor. Mr. Smith is now the publisher and sole owner. Louis Howland is the editor and Richard Smith the managing editor. There are employes in every department who have grown up with it, including the present general manager, Hilton U. Brown, who began as market reporter in 1881, and O. R. Johnson, formerly telegraph editor, now business manager.

The News was the first paper, so far as is known, to drive its presses electrically. Mr. Charles J. Jenney made his experiments in this line in the News pressroom, and, finding the process practicable, the paper adopted it. For years every piece of machinery in the equipment has had its individual motor.

A newspaper's prosperity and influence ought to grow with the city with which it is identified. So with the Indianapolis News. Indianapolis had fewer than 48,000 people when the News was established. Now the city numbers more than 250,000, and the News prints and sells more than 100,000 copies daily.

INDIANAPOLIS NEWS

BUILDING

The Indianapolis Sun.-The first number of the Indianapolis Sun was issued on May 12, 1888. The proprietors were young men from Cleveland and Detroit, who had been educated along the distinct lines of one-cent newspaper work. The first number was a small, six-column, four-page paper, and it contained local matter principally. It has now become a thoroughly modern penny newspaper. Its paid circulation since March 1, 1913, under new ownership, has increased from 28,000 to over 50,000. It has recently moved into new fireproof quarters at Nos. 30-36 East

Georgia street, which are almost four times as large as its former location. The plant is said to be the most modern and fastest in the country. The Sun is absolutely independent of party or other allegiance, its recent growth having been largely due to its aggressive editorial policy. The owners are W. D. Boyce and G. H. Larke, the latter being general manager.

The Indianapolis Star was established in 1903, the first issue appearing on June 6th. The first home of the paper was at 115 East Ohio street in an eightroom building that for years had done service as a residence. In these cramped quarters the editorial and mechanical forces conducted their work, the business department having rooms several doors east. On September 27th of that year the editorial and art departments, together with the composing room forces and pressmen, were removed to the Sentinel building on South Illinois street. The paper was published from here until March 22, 1904, when it took posses

INDIANAPOLIS STAR BUILDING

sion of the four-story building at the corner of Circle and Market streets, known as the Hendricks block, or Iroquois Hotel, and began publication on its own presses and with all departments assembled in one building. Immediately after it was started the Star associated itself with the Muncie Star and the Terre Haute Express, now the Terre Haute Star, the three forming the chain papers known as the Star League. At the time the Star was established here there were already four other English daily newspapers in the city. It was the belief of the Star management that, though each of these papers had merit in their own respective ways, none of them fully met the needs or successfully filled the requirements of the general public. From the first, therefore, the endeavor was to meet the popular taste, and its success in this direction is proved by the fact that in one month after its first issue it had 27,249 bona fide subscribers; in three months it had 41,645; in six months 70,836, and in one year 80,644. On June 8, 1904, the Star management bought the Indianapolis Journal, its morning contemporary, a high-class newspaper established as a weekly in 1823 and as a daily in 1850. The Journal was merged with the Star and some of its best features incorporated in the latter paper. In February, 1906, the Star bought the Sunday Sentinel and combined it with the Sunday Star. Thus the Star became the only Sunday and morning newspaper in Indianapolis. In June, 1907, the Indianapolis Star

removed to its present quarters at the northeast corner of Pennsylvania and New York streets, a building built especially for its use, and one of the most completely equipped and commodious newspaper establishments in the country. John C. Shaffer is editor and publisher of the Indianapolis Star, B. F. Lawrence is business manager and Ernest Bross managing editor.

The German Daily Telegraph and Tribune.-Established 1865, is the only German and the oldest daily newspaper published in Indianapolis. It is independent-democratic in politics, and is a member of the Associated Press. It is published by the Gutenberg Co. The Sunday Spottvogel, a humorous and literary paper, established in 1865, is also published by this company. August Tamm is president of the company.

The Indianapolis Commercial.-Published daily by the Central City Publishing Co., makes a specialty of court news, financial matters, etc., and has a wide and influential circulation. It is considered the standard for newspapers of the class in the United States. Fred L. Purdy is editor and O. L. Thayer, secretary-treasurer.

The Indianapolis Daily Live Stock Journal is devoted to the interests of shippers and is published at the Union Stock Yards.

The Indianapolis Trade Journal, established in 1890 by William H. Robson, editor and publisher, repre sents the jobbing interests of the city, and circulates throughout the Middle West.

The Clay-Worker, Indianapolis.-Was established in January, 1884, by Mr. J. J. W. Billingsley, F. W. Patton and Theo. A. Randall. It was the first paper in the world published in the interest of clay-workers. Mr. Randall is secretary of the National Brick Manufacturers' Association since its organization and editor of the Clay-Worker, published by T. A. Randall & Co.

The Wood-Worker, Indianapolis, a journal for machine wood-workers, was established in March, 1882, by Septimus H. Smith, its present managing editor. It is a recognized authority among the class it appeals to throughout the world. It is published by The S. H. Smith Co.

Municipal Engineering, Indianapolis.-Published by Municipal Engineering Company and edited by Charles Carroll Brown, the best and most important magazine devoted to the particular field which it fills, was established in 1890.

Veneers, Indianapolis.-Published by The S. H. Smith Co., a journal devoted to the manufacture and use of veneers. Edited by Harmon W. Marsh. The first number was issued in January, 1907. Contains articles on the best methods for making veneers, and gives valuable data on gluing and finishing.

Other Publications are numerous, embracing weekly, semi-monthly and monthly issues, among which are a number of the most influential trade journals in America.

The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Indianapolis, publishers, traces its existence to the house founded in 1838 by Samuel Merrill, one of the Indiana pioneers, Treasurer of State, when the capital was moved to Indianapolis, and grandfather of the present treasurer of the company. The officers of the corporation are: W. C. Bobbs, president; John J. Curtis, vice president; Charles W. Merrill, treasurer. The Indianapolis offices occupy a new five-story structure on the north side of University Square, one of the most beautiful buildings in the city. The New York office is at 34 Union Square. In the course of nearly three

BOBBS-MERRILL CO. BUILDING, INDIANAPOLIS quarters of a century of continuous operation the business has developed into one of the greatest publishing houses in America-undoubtedly the foremost in its methods of book manufacturing and exploitation. At present the company embraces the following departments:

Publishing Department-In the last fifteen years the Bobbs-Merrill Company's list of general publications has been lengthened and strengthened until it has made Indianapolis rank third among the publishing centers of America, surpassed only by New York and Boston. Furthermore, it has made publishing

rank third among the industries of Indianapolis. While this list embraces the works of authors from every quarter of the country and many of the leading writers of Europe, the Bobbs-Merrill Company has been particularly active in the remarkable development of literary output in the Middle West. The heart and center of this development is Indiana, and among the distinguished writers of the state whose books have been published by the firm are James Whitcomb Riley, Benjamin Harrison, David Turpie, Daniel W. Voorhees, Albert J. Beveridge, Maurice Thompson, Mary Hartwell Catherwood, Meredith Nicholson, George Ade, Elizabeth Miller, John T. McCutcheon, Gene Stratton Porter, Evaleen Stein, Robert Alexander Wason and others. Indiana artists have been commissioned to illustrate many of the publications, and efforts of the Bobbs-Merrill Company have assisted them in winning the fine recognition they now enjoy. Indiana illustrators whose work has been brought to the attention of the public in this manner are Franklin Booth, Hanson Booth, Frank Snapp, Will Vawter, George Brehm and Worth Brehm.

The

The association of the Hoosier poet, James Whitcomb Riley, with this firm of Hoosier publishers, has extended over a period of more than a quarter of a century, and in that time the Bobbs-Merrill Company has issued Riley's most notable achievements. connection dates from the years of his first book of verse, "The Old Swimmin' Hole and 'Leven More Poems," which had previously been printed in a limited edition by a publishing house in another city. As the poet grew in popularity with the people, his publishers sought to give him the widest possible recognition. Book after book of poems has been offered to the reading world, until it is doubtful whether there is a real home in the land that does not boast at least one volume of the favorite selections from the great Indianian. It has been estimated that more than 1,500,000 individual copies of the various books of Riley poetry have been sold in this country during the last fifteen years.

Fitting, indeed, is it, therefore, that the Bobbs-Merrill Company should have recently published the first complete and definitive edition of the works of James Whitcomb Riley in prose and poetry. Through years of research and careful investigation, everything that Riley ever wrote which still exists was recovered, either in original manuscript or early periodical printing. Many of the poems had never before been published in any book, having been lost to view since the day of their original production. Edmund H. Eitel, Mr. Riley's nephew and secretary for many years, superintended the publication of the complete works, and the poet himself assisted his publishers, revising and editing every page, so that in the Biographical Edition, as the set has been called, his work appears in its finished and perfected form. To such an extent was the investigation carried on that it was possible to fix the exact dates of composition and first publication of every poem and in this new edition they have been arranged in chronological or

der, with full biographical notes, giving the history of their subsequent publication and other interesting facts concerning them. The publication of Riley's complete works marks the greatest publishing enterprise in the history of the local firm of publishers, and is generally considered one of the most notable events in American publishing.

The success of the publishing department has been achieved by the acceptance of only clean, wholesome and spirited manuscripts, by the frank application of commercial methods to the sale of the books, and by the exercise of originality in promotion and advertising.

Law Department-As publishers of law books the Bobbs-Merrill Company ranks among the very greatest houses in the world. This department maintains a large staff of editors exclusively at work upon the preparation of its books, and a selling force equally large to dispose of them. Among its publications are many of the standard legal treatises, books that are accepted as authority in both England and America. Its list of authors contains the names of the most prominent legal writers the United States has produced, including Seymour D. Thompson, Leonard A. Jones, Byron K. Elliott, William F. Elliott, R. M. Benjamin, John M. Van Fleet, John H. Gillette, Oscar L. Pond, H. C. Underhill, Charles B. Elliott and Harry C. Barnes. One of the most important undertakings of the house has been the compilation of Burns' Indiana Statutes, which has had a continuous influence on the legislative and judicial history of the state. Among the legal educational works are the books of Professor Horace L. Wilgus, James H. Brewster, Charles A. Graves, E. H. Woodruff, Walter F. Rogers, Francis H. Bohlen and George L. Reinhard. In addition to works of its own publication the Law Book Department carries a complete stock of the lines of other law publishers.

Educational Department-The most recently established department of the Bobbs-Merrill Company is the Educational Department, interested in the publication of books for teachers' and pupils' reading circles, school texts, commercial school books and works of a general educative nature. The Educational Department, as such, marks the fifth year of its existence this year, although the Bobbs-Merrill Company has been interested to a limited degree, at least, in the publication of educational books since 1902.

During the brief period in which this department has existed independent of any of the other departments of the company, it has established itself permanently and its publications have found their way into the schools and teachers' organizations of almost every State in the Union. Just as the Publishing Department has been influential in gaining recognition for Indiana authors of fiction, so has the Educational Department concerned itself with the publiIcation of works of an educational nature by Hoosier educators and teachers. Its list contains, also, the names of some of the most prominent writers on educational subjects in America and every year important additions to it are made.

Though perhaps the youngest department of its kind in publishing circles in this country, the Educational Department of the Bobbs-Merrill Company has proved itself to be worthy of a place among the oldest in point of the importance of its publications and the efficiency of its methods. Its "Child Classics Readers," by Georgia Alexander, supervisor in the Indianapolis public schools, and Grace Alexander, whose literary work has given her a high place among the Indiana colony of writers and critics, have been selected for universal use in Indiana schools under the adoption of 1914, and are being used extensively in many other States and cities.

The Hollenbeck Press, Indianapolis.-Throughout the various changes in the name of this house since its foundation in 1864, it has been recognized as the home of good printing in all of the various departments of this work. In the early days it was known as the Indianapolis Printing and Publishing Com

HOLLENBECK PRESS BUILDING, INDIANAPOLIS pany and it was the nucleus from which has developed the Hollenbeck Press. Practically all of the earlier notable weekly and monthly publications were the products of its presses, among which were "The Mirror," "The Saturday Herald," "The People," "The Scissors," "Saturday Review," etc. Nowland's "History of Indianapolis," published in 1876, and Holloway's "History of Indianapolis," as well as all of the earliest city directories came from its presses. It was under the management of John Carlon and C. E. Hollenbeck, however, that it was placed in the front rank of printing concerns of America. It was under this management that "Modern Art," by J. M. Bowles, made its first appearance in Indianapolis, which gave America the most beautiful periodical ever seen. Other notable publications were "The Conquest of the Northwest," by Wm. H. English; "The Recollections of the Presidents," by Richard W. Thompson; "History of the Vincennes Diocese," by Bishop Alerding; several volumes of James Whitcomb Riley's poems; Hyman's Handbook of Indianapolis, and other publications. In 1911, Robert E. Darnaby and Felix J. Krieg, who had been in continuous management of the company after the death of C. E. Hollenbeck in 1902, purchased a half interest in the company. The officers of the company are C. W. Merrill, president; R. E. Darnaby, secretary-treasurer and manager; F. J. Krieg, superintendent.