ther pretence whatsoever, except that of debts and criminal profecutions. And his Britannic Majesty shall have power to caufe all the effects that may belong to him in Eaft Florida, whether artillery, or others, to be carried away. Art. IV. His Catholic Majefty fhall not for the future fuffer the fubjects of his Britannic Majefty, or their workmen, to be disturbed or molested, under any pretence whatsoever, in their occupation of cutting, loading, and carrying away logwood, in a district of which the boundaries fhall be fixed; and for this purpose they may build without hindrance, and occupy without interruption, the houses and magazines neceffary for them, for their families, and for their effects, in a place to be agreed upon, either in the definitive treaty, or within fix months after the exchange of the ratifications; and his faid Catholic Majefty affures to them, by this article, the entire enjoyment of what is above ftipulated, provided that these ftipulations fhall not be confidered as derogatory in any respect from the rights of his fovereignty. Art. V. His Catholic Majefty fhall reftore to Great Britain the islands of Providence and the Bahamas, without exception, in the fame condition in which they were when they were conquered by the arms of the King of Spain. Art. VI. All the countries and territories which may have been or may be conquered in any part of the world whatfoever, by the arms of his Britannic Majefty, or by those of his Catholic Majefty, and which are not included in the prefent articles, fhall be restored, without difficulty, and without requiring compen fation. Art. VII. By the definitive treaty, all those which have exifted till now between the two high contracting parties, and which fhall not be derogated from either by the said treaty, or by the prefent preliminary treaty, fhall be renewed and confirmed; and the two courts fhall name commiffioners to inquire into the ftate of commerce between the two na tions, in order to agree upon new ar rangements of trade on the footing of reciprocity and mutual convenience; and the two faid courts fhall together amicably fix a competent term for the duration of that business. [Art. VIII. IX. X. XI. are exactly the In witnefs, &c. fame as thofe with France, XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII.] Done at Verfailles, the 20th day of January 1783. ALLEYNE FITZHERBERT. (L.S.) LE COMPTE D'ARANDA. (L.S.) Articles agreed upon by and between Richard Ofwald, Efq, the Commiffioner of his Brttannic Majefty, for treating of Peace with the Commiffioners of the United States of America, in behalf of his faid Majesty, on the one part; and John Adams, Benja min Franklin, John Jay, and Henry Laurens, four of the Commiffioners of the faid States, for treating of Peace with the Commiffioner of his faid Majesty, on their behalf, on the other part; to be inferted in, and to constitute the Treaty of Peace, propofed to be concluded between the Crown of Great Britain and the faid Uni• ted States; but which Treaty is not to be concluded until terms of a Peace shall be agreed upon between Great Britain and France, and his Britannic Majefty mall be ready to conclude fuch Treaty accord. ingly. WHEREAS reciprocal advantages and mutual convenience are found by expe rience to form the only permanent foun dation of peace and friendship between States; it is agreed to form the articles of the propofed Treaty on fuch principles of liberal equity and reciprocity, as that partial advantages (thofe feeds of difcord) being excluded, fuch a benefi cial and fatisfactory intercourfe between the two countries may be established, as to promife and fecure to both perpetual peace and harmony. Art. I. His Britannic Majefty acknowledges the faid United States, viz. New Hampshire, Maffachufet's Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennfylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, to be free, fovereign, and independent States; that he treats with them as fuch; and for himself, his heirs and fucceffors, relinquishes all claims to the government, propriety, and territorial rights of the fame, and every part thereof: And that all difputes which might arife in future on the fubject of the boundaries of the said United States may be prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared, that the following are and fall be their boundaries, viz. Art. II. Art. II. From the north-weft angle of Nova Scotia, viz. that angle which is formed by a line drawn due north from the fource of St. Croix river to the Highlands, along the faid Highlands which divide thofe rivers that empty themselves into the river St Lawrence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the north-westernmoft head of Connecticut river; thence down along the middle of that river, to the forty-fifth degree of north latitude; from thence, by a line due weft on said latitude, until it ftrikes the river Iroquois, or Cataraquy; thence along the middle of faid river into Lake Ontario, through the middle of said lake, until it ftrikes the communication by water between that lake and Lake Erie: thence along the middle of said communication into Lake Erie, through the middle of the said lake, until it arrives at the water communication between that lake and Lake Huron; thence along the middle of faid water communication, to the Lake Huron; thence through the middle of faid lake to the water communication between that lake and Lake Superior; thence through Lake Superior, northward of the isles Royal and Phelipeaux, to the Long Lake; thence through the middle of faid Long Lake, and the water communication between it and the Lake of the Woods, to the faid Lake of the Woods; thence through the faid lake to the most north-western point thereof, and from thence, on a due weft courfe, to the river Miffiffippi; thence by a line to be drawn along the middle of the faid river Miffiffippi, until it shall interfect the northernmost part of the 31. degree of north latitude;-fouth, by a line to be drawn due caft from the determination of the line laft mentioned, in the latitude of 31 degrees north of the equator, to the middle of the river Apalachicola, or Catahouche; thence along the middle thereof, to its junction with the Flint River; thence ftrait to the head of St Mary's River, and thence down along the middle of St Mary's River to the Atlantic ocean ;-eaft, by a line to be drawn along the middle of the river St Croix, from its mouth in the Bay of Fundy to its fource, and from its fource directly north, to the aforefaid Highlands which divide the rivers that fall into the Atlantic ocean from those which fall into the river St Lawrence, comprehending all islands within twenty leagues of any part of the fhores of the United States, and lying between lines to be drawn due eaft from the points where the aforefaid boundaries between Nova Scotia on the one part, and East Florida on the other, fhall respectively touch the Bay of Fundy, and the Atlantic ocean; excepting fuch islands as now are, or heretofore may have been, within the limits of the said province of Nova Scotia. Art. III. It is agreed, That the people of the United States fhall continue to enjoy, unmolefted, the right to take fish, of every kind, on the Grand Bank, and on all the other banks of Newfoundland ; also in the Gulph of St Lawrence, and at all other places in the fea, where the inhabitants of both countries used at any time heretofore to fish; and also, that the inhabitants of the United States fhall have liberty to take fifh, of every kind, on fuch part of the coaft of Newfoundland as British fishermen fhall use (but not to dry or cure the fame on that island); and alfo on the coafts, bays, and creeks, of all other of his Britannic Majefty's dominions in America; and that the American fishermen fhall have liberty to dry and cure fish in any of the unfettled bays, harbours, and creeks, of Nova Scotia, Magdalen iflands, and Labrador, fo long as the fame fhall remain unfettled; but fo foon as the fame, or either of them, fhall be fettled, it shall not be lawful for the faid fishermen to dry or cure fish at fuch fettlement, without a previous agreement for that purpofe with the inhabitants, proprietors, or poffeffors of the ground. Art. IV. It is agreed, That creditors on either fide fhall meet with no lawful impediment to the recovery of the full vafue, in Sterling money, of all bona fide debts heretofore contracted. Art. V. It is agreed, That the Congrefs fhall earnestly recommend it to the Legislatures of the respective States, to provide for the reftitution of all eftates, rights, and properties, which have been confiscated, belonging to real British subjects, and alfo of the eftates, rights, and properties, of perfons refident in diftricts in the poffeffion of his Majesty's arms, and who have not borne arms against the faid United States; and that perfons of any other defcription fhall have free liberty to go to any part or parts of any of the Thirteen United States, and therein to remain twelve months unmolefted in their endeavours to obtain the reftitution of of fuch of their eftates, rights, and properties, as may have been confifcated; and that Congress shall also earneftly recommend to the several States, a reconfideration and revifion of all acts or laws regarding the premiffes, fo as to render the faid laws or acts perfectly confiftent, not only with juftice and equity, but with that fpirit of conciliation, which, on the return of the bleffings of peace, should univerfally prevail; and that Congrefs fhall alfo earneftly recommend to the feveral States, that the eftates, rights, and properties, of fuch laft mentioned perfons, fhall be reftored to them, they refunding to any perfons who may be now in poffeffion, the bona fide price (where any has been given) which fuch perfons may have paid on purchafing any of the faid lands, rights, or properties, fince the confifcation. And it is agreed, That all perfons who have any intereft in confifcated lands, either by debts, marriage-fettlements, or otherwife, thall meet with no lawful impediment in the prosecution of their juft rights. Art. VI. That there shall be no future confifcations made, nor any prosecution fallen into the hands of his officers, to be forthwith restored and delivered to the proper States and persons to whom they belong. Art. VIII. The navigation of the Miffiffippi, from its fource to the ocean, fhall for ever remain free and open to the fubjects of Great Britain, and the citizens of the United States. Art. IX. In cafe it fhould fo happen, that any place or territory belonging to Great Britain, or to the United States, fhould be conquered by the arms of either from the other, before the arrival of these articles in America, it is agreed, that the fame fhall be reftored without difficulty, and without requiring any compenfation. Done at Paris, the 30th day of No- HENRY LAURENS. (L. S.) (L. S. (L.S.) L. S. L.S.) Witness, Caleb Whitefoord, British Sec. On the Culture of SIBERIAN BARLEY. commenced against any perfon or perfons, A Small quantity of Siberian Barley for or by reason of the part which he or they may have taken in the prefent war; and that no perfon fhall, on that account, fuffer any future lofs or damage, either in his perfon, liberty, or property; and that those who may be in confinement on fuch charges at the time of the ratification of the treaty in America, fhall be immediately fet at liberty, and the profecutions fo commenced be discontinued. Art. VII. There fhall be a firm and perpetual peace between his Britannic Majefty and the said States, and between the fubjects of the one and the citizens of the other; wherefore all hoftilities, both by fea and land, fhall then immediately ceafe; all prisoners on both fides fhall be fet at liberty, and his Britannic Majefty fhall, with all convenient fpeed, and without caufing any deftruction, or carrying away any negroes, or other property of the American inhabitants, withdraw all his armies, garrifons, and fleets, from the faid United States, and from every port, place, and harbour within the fame, leaving in all fortifications the American artillery that may be therein; and shall alfo order and cause all archives, records, deeds, and papers, belonging to any of the faid States, or their citizens, which in the course of the war may have being fome years fince prefented to the Society for the encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, it was diftributed among fuch of the members as were defirous of making experiments refpecting its culture, produce, and utility. In confequence of these laudable intentions, the original quantity foon became greatly increased; and the result of fuch inquiries as have from time to time been communicated to the fociety, uniformly tend to prove, that confiderable advantages might be derived to the public from a more general cultivation of this promifing grain. Gen. Elliot, Mr Hallidy, of Annfield, near Liverpool; Mr Widdens, of the last mentioned place; Mr Reynolds of Adifham; Mr John Ramey; Mr Hay, of Eggie, near Aberdeen; Mr Webster, of Dean, in Northamptonshire; Arthur Young, Efq; Mr Jones, of Halftone; Mr Anderdon; and a gentleman in Shropshire, who figns himself a Shepherd; are the principal persons who have made thefe communications: and from their united accounts it appears, that it is of fo hardy a nature as to thrive on almoft any land, however poor or clayey; that the increafe from the root is fo much 8 Siberian Barley. Monftrous Birth, much more confiderable than that of After moft heartily recommending the culture of this very promifing grain to fuch as have inclination and opportunity to promote the practice of agriculturean inquiries, undoubtedly of the first importance to a nation, we fhall conclude with extracting verbatim the letter from Gen. Elliot, on this fubject; not only because his obfervations have been made with much judgement and precision, but becaufe this circumftance furnishes a trait in the character of that illuftrious chief, at prefent not generally known, Experiment on Siberian Barley; communi- RECEIVED five quarts of Siberian bar- Received two quarts of the fort with an ear of four rows.-This I call Number 2. The land upon which both forts were fown is a fandy loam, very poor, dry in Vol. 45. fummer, but in winter much foaked -- April 23. Drilled by hand, at ten-inch intervals, five quarts of feed, on 7722 square feet, nearly two elevenths of an May 5. The blade appeared. acre. -ProJune 2. Came into ear. - June 19. Was hand-hoed.- Aug. 27. Reaped. duce, Five bushels one peck; each buhel of nine gallons weighed fixty-four NUMBER II. pounds. April 29. Drilled by hand, at teninch intervals, two quarts of feed, on 2000 fquare feet.-May 10. Blade ap- June 7. Came into ear. peared. June 24. Crop was hand-hoed.-Aug. 28. Produce, Three pecks : Reaped. weight in proportion as Number I. Some of the above Number I. has been ground, and bread made of it, which was very light and good; but had a particular acid tafte, refembling (as one of my friends obferved) that of malt. I think this may poffibly be owing to a fmall proportion of common barley in the original feed, and overlooked in the grift. British Mag. Account of a MONSTROUS BIRTH. By It had but one body, at the extremity whereof were two heads, one lar ger than the other. It had four hands and arms perfect, three legs, &c. One head would fleep whilft the other was awake; or one would cry and the other not. It lived three days. Five Five Letters published in the Edinburgh as truly called, "My Lord," or " Mr newspapers in the months of September fuch an one's members." I say again, and October 1782, upon the subject of What have we to expect from members Fiditious Votes. of parliament fo chofen ? [As thefe Letters are upon a subject of general concern, and a bill is intended to be brought into parliament to remedy the evil complained of, we trust they will not be unacceptable to our readers.] Gifcurata diu populo bonus eruit, atque LETTER I. To the REAL FREEHOLDERS of SCOT LAND. My dear Friends and Brethren, BY advertisements in the newspapers, I obferve fome of you are giving at tention to a very important object, namely, the fuppreffing thefe nominal votes, which, of late years, have been fo greatly multiplied, and have determined many elections. It was our ancient conftitution, that gentlemen of real property, refident in their respective shires, fhould be elected, and have a title to elect, members of par liament. In the days of our forefathers, it did not enter into any perfon's mind, that any freeholder fhould have more than one vote, either in elections or in parliament; far lefs that any peer fhould have a vote in the elections for thires. Thefe propofitions I am ready to prove, from divers acts of our Scots parliaments. But of late it has crept into fashion, that men, without a rood of land of their own, have got themselves dubbed freeholders by the names of lands belonging to fome great lord or rich commoner, whofe dependents they are, and who thus vote by their voices as effectually as if he were to vote by his own fo many times over. Many of thefe efquires are mean men, and of dependent condition, fuch as our forefathers would not have admitted to ftand in their prefence covered, far less to fit down in their company, or in any affembly with them, as their compeers. What have we to expect from members of parliament chofen by fuch electors? Can they have a free voice? No body understands they have. And as thefe voters in the county are called My Lord," or " Mr fuch an one's voters," so the members in the Houfe fo chofen, are as commonly and VOL. XLV. Hitherto, fo far as I recollect, none of thefe mean perfons have been put upon us for members of parliament. That would be too bold a ftep as yet. But every thing comes on by degrees: Step by ftep we are led off our feet. Being once admitted to vote, there is nothing in law that hinders thefe forry electors from being chofen members: there is nothing hinders them, but fome re maining fenfe of the former condition and rank of a freeholder. This sense, however, will foon be extinguifhed; and, after we are thoroughly accuftomed to eat and drink with these nominal ef. quires, these barons of shreds and patch es, old as I am, I fear I may live to fee pampered ferving men, who have got in to eafy circumftances by flattering and cheating their mafters, chofen to be our reprefentatives in parliament; - our re prefentatives! the reprefentatives of freeborn gentlemen! of Scots gentlemen! Have you patience for that idea? Yet undoubtedly to that pass it will come at laft. My dear Friends and Fellow Freeholders, you are the defcendents of the an cient Scottish barons, who attended their Kings to the field, and advised them in council; or you are men of liberal education, who, by your laudable industry, have acquired land-eftates, and are the founders of families which you hope may, become ancient. Suffer me to rouse you from that lethargy which has become fo univerfal. Permit not our excellent and virtuous King to have the pure gold of his great council debased by fuch mean alloy, when, by uniting, as one man, in proper refolutions, you have it in your power to cure this diftemper in the conftitution. Above all things, let me warn you to take the management of this bufinefs into your own hands, and not to devolve it upon this or the other great man, who, you will be told, has a great deal to fay with thofe commonly called the folks above. Thefe are the very people you should have nothing to do with; for it is their intereft to oppofe you, and they will oppofe you, whatever fair fpeeches they may try to put you off with. Be not afraid of them: Unite firmly among yourselves : Shew your strength and your refolution B and |