GAL poverty of peasantry, 298; abundance of bullion in, 338 Gallantry, the passion of, 192, f. Gaul, character and condition of people, 256, 437; climate of, 433; population of, 436 Gee, Mr., his writings on Trade, 322 Genoa, anarchy in, 105; bank of St. George, 106 Gentleman's Magazine, notices of Hume's Dissertations in, 68, f. Germany, scarcity of money in, 316; inhabitants, 436 Gorgias Leontinus, 169 of, 99; free and republican, depending upon checks, ib.; anarchy in Roman, 100; Venetian and Polish, ib.; Eastern mode of, 105; stability of the Venetian, ib.; first principles of, 109; founded on opinion, 110; origin and object of, 113; consolidation of, 115; origin of kingly, ib.; struggle between authority and liberty, 116; system of mixed, 119; modern monarchical, great improvements in, 161; abuses in the French, 162; sources of abuse in free governments, ib.; the Chinese, 183; monarchical, owes its perfection_to the republican, 186; difference between monarchies and republics, 187; ill manners of European republics, 188: knowledge in the arts of, 303; different theories of in England, 443; Deity, ultimate author of, 444; people the pretended source of power, 445; original foundation of, 446; revolution, 448; Athenian democracy, 449; force the origin of most governments, 450; allegiance to, 455; succession of Roman Emperors, 458; title, 459; passive obedience to, 460; when resistance to, lawful, 461; true rule of, 468; English, as regarded by James I., 473; under the Stuarts, 474; plan of, 482; chief support of British, 489 Gracchi, sedition of, 394 the Greece, ancient, decline of arts in, 158; small states favourable to the arts, 182; anxiety as to the balance of power, 349; cold-blooded butcheries in, 404, f.; unsettled state, 407; size and population of cities, 418, f., 422; neglect of military discipline, 442 History of House of Tudor, Hume's, 6 Holland, form of government of, 95, Presbyterian and Arminian factions in, 136 Home, J., author of Douglas, 9, 64, 65 Homer,moral characters of his heroes, 267 Horace, 159, 177, 190, 194, 390 Horne, Dr., remarks on Hume's Dissertations, 68; attacks Hume and Adam Smith, 80, f. Hortensius, Nicolaus, 428 House of Commons, British, 112; support of popular government, 307 Human Life, more governed by fortune than reason, 231 Human Nature, dignity and meanness of, 150, f.; estimate of, 152; comparison of men and animals, ib.; its passions, 154, f.; ills of, 226, f. Human Understanding, Hume's Enquiry concerning, 3 Hume, his birth and family, 1; residence in France, 2, 3; rising reputation, 4; plan of history, ib.; success of his works, 6; attached to embassy to Paris, ib.; illness, 7; his character drawn by himself, ib.; his death, 13; his passion for literature, 15; letter to M. Ramsay, ib.; his mode of life, 18, f.; letters to Prof. Hutcheson, 27. f., 33; his Collection of Scotticisms, 35; dissatisfied with his own style, 36; desire of applause, ib.; criticism of his own works, 36, f.; Johnson's observations, 40, 83; his Sceptic. 4; HUM Stoic, ib.; tendency to materialism, ib.; residence in Edinburgh, 47; appointed Judge-Advocate of expedition against Port l'Orient, ib.; Philosophical Essays concerning the Human Understanding, 49; sale of his works, 50; Warburton's attack, ib.; his Essay on Miracles, 50; Conversation with a Jesuit, 51; his Enquiry concerning the Principles of Morals, 52; his letters to Gilbert Elliot, 51, 54, t.; his Dialogues concerning Natural Religion, 54, 77; literary activity, 55; political discourses, 56; becomes known abroad, ib.; letter to Dr. Clephane, ib.; appointed keeper of Advocates' library, 59; his History of Great Britain, ib.; letters to Adam Smith, 59, 78; translates Plutarch's Lives, ib.; declines editing a newspaper, 60; his Four Dissertations, 60, 67; his remarks on Dr. Warburton, 64; dedication of his Dissertations, 65; letters to Andrew Millar, 60, 65; Essays on Suicide and Immortality of the Soul, 69, f., surreptitiously published, ib.; his care in preparing his works for the press, 73; his changes of opinion, 73, 74; remarks on Bolingbroke and Swift, ib.; neglects philosophy, 75, f.; appoints W. Strahan his literary executor, 79; publication of his Autobiography, 80; hostile criticism, 81; Wesley's sermon on, 82; his deathbed, 83; supplement to the Life of, 84; watching his grave, ib.; list of editions of his works, 85; his remarks on English parties, 107, f., 117, f.; on the British constitution, 126; charges early Christians with 'imprudence and bigotry,' 132; his definition of Priests,' 147; on Judaism and Popery, 148; on Church of England, ib.; on English sects, ib.; his objection to mixed companies, 194; his ideas of happiness, 198, 220; on the value of money, 314; his plan of a commonwealth, 482, f. Hunt, Mr., on Hume's Treatise of Hu man Nature, 39; on Hume's scepticism, 75 Hurd, Dr., his pamphlet against Hume, 5; a pious fraud, 62 Hutcheson, Professor, 27, f. Hutchinson, Mr., his scheme for payment of National Debt, 370 Independents, character of, 148; political union with Deists, 150 MAR agriculture, 293; contribute to the power of a state, 294 Marriage, contract of, 231; an extra wife allowed by Athenians, 232; among the ancient Britons, ib.; polygamy, 233; duration of, 237 f. Martial, 390, 395 Mauvillon, Eleazar publishes translation of Hume's Political Discourses in France, 56 Medici, their wealth makes them mas- Miller, A., Hume's letters to, 60, 65; letter to Hume, 68 Miracles, Hume's Essay on, 50; its style, 51 Molinists, friends to superstition, 150 Monarchy, absolute, points of resemblance to a republic, 95; inconvenience of an elective, 101; the best form of, ib.; improved character of modern monarchs, 161; absolute, repugnant to law, 180; the Chinese, 183; enormous monarchies destruc ive to human nature, 355; plan of limited, 482 f. Money, not one of the subjects of commerce, 309; representative of labour, 312; causes high prices, 313; value of in France, 314; its quantity of little consequence to a State, 315 f.; scarcity in some parts of Europe, ib.; rise of prices after discovery of West Indies, 318; in China, 320; has a fictitious value, 321; causes of high interest, 322; rise of interest in Scotland, 323; causes of low interest, 326; interest the barometer of the State, 327; proportion between, and goods, 328; interest in Roman Spain, 329; reduction of interest in England and France, 330; methods of sinking and raising its value, 337; treasures amassed by Henry VII., 341; by Philip of Macedon and Perseus, 342 Montesquieu, 440 Morals, Hume's Inquiry concerning the Principles of, 52; a delicate sense of, 151; harmony of authors as to, 267 More, Sir T., Utopia of, 481 Morocco, wars of colour in, 129, 130 National Character, Hume's Essay on, 49; influence of physical causes, PHI 244, 246 f.; of example, 248; of government, 249; similarity of Jews and Armenians, 250; ancient Greek and Roman, ib.; French and British, 251; negroes inferior to whites, 252; pretended influence of climate, 253; language dependent on, ib.; of Northern and Southern countries, 253 f. 256; Turks and ancient Romans, 255; moral causes of, 256; addiction to strong drinks, 257; amorousness, 258 National Debt, a modern expedient, 361 f.; consequences of, 363, 368 f.; scheme for payment of, 370 Nepos, Cornelius, Life of Atticus, 390 Nicole, his Perpétuité de la Foi, 54 Obedience, a duty in a State, 114 Oceana, Harrington's, its defects, 481. See Harrington Opinion, of two kinds, 110; its defenders and assailants, 118; changes in, 125; influence in formation of character, 255 f. Optimates and Populares, Roman parties, 134 Orators, ancient and modern, 164 f.; Parties, in general, 127, 131, 133; in Greek empire, 128; in Rome, 129, 134; in Italy, ib.; in Morocco, ib.; in England, 133, 134; ecclesiastical, court, and country, 135; originWhig and Tory, 136 f.; coalition of, 464 f. Passive obedience, 460 Persecution, religious, among the ancients, 132 Persian empire, cause of its overthrow, 350 Persian Letters, 237 Persians, ancient, Machiavel on their subjugation by the Greeks, 103 f.; drunkenness in repute among, 257 Personal Identity, 33 Petronius, 390 Phædrus, 190 Philip of Macedon, his rejoinder to a candid Roman, 189; treasure amassed PHI by, 342; his army as Captain-General of Greece, 424 f. Philosophy, attention paid to in England, 33; in the early Christian period, 132; excellence of the English in, 159; Peripatetic introduced in the schools, 182; Cartesian, 183; the Eclectics, 184; the Epicurean, 197 f.; Stoic, 203 f.; Platonist, 210 f.; Sceptic, 213 f.; devotion to, 220; considerations on, 224 f. Plato, 361, 418, 420, 424, 481 Plautus, 420 Pleasure, Hume on, 198 f. Pliny, 193, 263, 342, 389, 394, 400, 416, 426, 429, 439 Plutarch, 190, 191, 226, 227, 249, 257, Poland, deficient in the arts, 305 Politics, science of, 98; 'every man a knave,' 118 Polybius, 103, 104, 121, 189, 292, 320, 342, 399, 402, 415, 416, 423, 424, 434, 435, 436, 441 Polygamy, reasons for and against, 233, 234, 235 Pope, 226 Population, of ancient nations, 381, 383; effect of slavery on, 387; of monasticism and infanticide, 396; disadvantages of the ancients as regards, 400; ancient and modern compared, 413, 432, 435; of Greek and Roman cities, 418 f.; of Roman Empire under Augustus and Trajan, 439, 440 Presbyterians, character of, 148 Britain, 95; accounted for in England, 96; advantages of, 97 Priests, enemies of liberty, 135; definition of, 147; a superstitious invention, ib.; of all religions the same, 245; their hypocrisy, 246; their self-deception, ambition and fury, ib.; among the Romans, 247 Protestant Succession, Hume's Essay on, 48; its advantages and disadvantages considered, 471 f., 475; reasons for excluding the Stuarts, 477 f. Rome, buildings of ancient, 56, 57; government under Emperors, 96; Roman tyranny, 102; most illustrious period of its history, 106; parties in, 129, 134; progress of arts in, 158; arbitrary decisions of consuls, 179; Roman rudeness, 191; Romans a candid race, 255; always at war, 292; corrupted by luxury, 305; armies of, 310; doubts as to Roman history, 351; cause of the destruction of the empire, 358; public spectacles, 387; influx of slaves, 389, 391; Civil Law, 391; pay of troops, 399; Roman humanity, 407; massacres during civil wars, 408; extent of, 423, 426, 427; how built, 425; population of, 425, 427; bills of mortality, 428; streets full of snow and ice, 433; largest population of empire, 450; how the emperors succeeded each other, 458 Romish Church, acquisition of power by, 149; a hindrance to learning, 183; inspires hatred of other reli gions, 284 Rousseau, 187 Sallust, 161, 188, 305, 428 Saxony, Catholic King and Protestant Sciences. See Arts Seneca, 387, 390, 393, 395, 396, 404 Severambians, history of the, 232 Shaftesbury, Lord, 117, 154, 191, 377 Shakespeare, 262 Slavery, Roman, 385 f.; influence on population, 387 f.; privileges of, 390; at Athens, 390, 420; in West Indies, 390; at Rome, 391 f.; in Sicily, 395; in Turkey and Egypt, 395; in Sparta, 421; in Corinth and Ægina, ib. Smith, Adam, letter to W. Strahan, Esq., 9; correspondence with Hume, 77 f.; assailed for his share in Hume's Autobiography, 80 f. Solomon, his polygamy, 234 Solon, legalizes infanticide, 396 Sophocles, 211 Spain, poverty of peasantry, 298; condition of ancient, 438 Sparta, absence of commerce, 290 Spinoza, 40 St. Clair, General, 3; Hume appointed secretary to, 47 Stage, English, licentiousness of, 183; the French, 284 Stanian, 342, 343 State, chief magistrate in a, 100; inconvenience of an elective monarchy, 101; necessity for wise laws, 105; ascendancy of one man, 115; authority and liberty in, 116; possessors of wealth in, 123; trade not regarded as an affair of, 157; internal police, 161; small states favourable to the arts, 182; divisions of the, 289; agricultural, 293; causes of its greatness, 294 f.; quantity of money of little consequence to, 315; refined life beneficial to, 319 Stoic, the, 203 f. Strabo, 247, 389, 393, 417, 425, 433, 436, 438, 440, 441 Strahan, letter to, from Adam Smith, 9; appointed Hume's literary executor, 79; declines, 80 Suetonius, 103, 386, 389, 426, 428 Superstition, 144; true sources of, 145; favourable to priestly power, 146; its insidiousness, 149; enemy to civil liberty, ib. Sweden, military force of, 492 Swift, Dr., 74, 332, 408 an Sybaris, cause of its populousness, 411 Syracuse, greatness of, 418 Tacitus, 96, 103, 135, 310, 373, 389, 392, 394, 396, 401, 426, 436, 441 Talon, 171 Tasso, 201 Taste, standard of, 266, 279; varieties, 269, f.; want of imaginative delicacy, 272; right criticism, 275, 278; its principles, 276; influenced by manners, 280; by religious principles, 283 Taxes, dangerous maxim as to, 356; Tertullian, 439, 440 Thebes, conquest by Alexander, 422 Thought, liberty of in ancient times, 66 Toleration, religious, 97 Tories, character and conduct of, 139, f.; none in Scotland, 143; union of High Church with Roman Catholics, 150 Tournefort, his visit to the Grand Turk's seraglio, 235; cited, 434 Trachinians, their application to Sparta, 399 Trade, not regarded as an affair of state, 157; needs a free government, 159; ancient marts, 160, 357; progress in France, 160; decay under absolute government, ib.; contributes to greatness of state, 289, 294; banks and paper currency, 311, 365; increases industry, 325; ignorance, 330, f.; restrictions in France, 336; obstructions to, 343; taxes on foreign commodities, ib.; domestic industry basis of foreign commerce, 346, f.; nations pre-eminent in, 356 Tragedy, power of, 258, f.; cause of pleasure produced by, 261, f.; tragic scenes in painting and poetry, 262; action of, 265 Treatise on Human Nature, Hume's, 2, 25, 32, 33, 36, 37, 40, 49 Turkey, taxes in, 360; slave trade in, 395 Tyre, destruction of, 410 United provinces, government of, 490 Valerius Maximus, 426 Varro, 389, 393, 394, 434 |