GAL

poverty of peasantry, 298; abun-
dance of bullion in, 338

Gallantry, the passion of, 192, f.
Gaul, character and condition of people,
256, 437; climate of, 433; popula-
tion of, 436

Gee, Mr., his writings on Trade,
322

Genoa, anarchy in, 105; bank of St.
George, 106
Gentleman's

Magazine, notices of

Hume's Dissertations in, 68, f.
Germany, scarcity of money in, 316;
inhabitants, 436

Gorgias Leontinus, 169
Government, absolute, inconveniences

of, 99; free and republican, depend-
ing upon checks, ib.; anarchy in
Roman, 100; Venetian and Polish,
ib.; Eastern mode of, 105; stability
of the Venetian, ib.; first principles
of, 109; founded on opinion, 110;
origin and object of, 113; consolida-
tion of, 115; origin of kingly, ib.;
struggle between authority and
liberty, 116; system of mixed, 119;
modern monarchical, great improve-
ments in, 161; abuses in the French,
162; sources of abuse in free go-
vernments, ib.; the Chinese, 183;
monarchical, owes its perfection to
the republican, 186; difference be-
tween monarchies and republics, 187;
ill manners of European republics,
188: knowledge in the arts of, 303;
different theories of in England, 443;
Deity, ultimate author of, 444; the
people the pretended source of power,
445; original foundation of, 446; re-
volution, 448; Athenian democracy,
449; force the origin of most govern-
ments, 450; allegiance to, 455; suc-
cession of Roman Emperors, 458;
title, 459; passive obedience to, 460;
when resistance to, lawful, 461; true
rule of, 468; English, as regarded by
James I., 473; under the Stuarts,
474; plan of, 482; chief support of
British, 489

Gracchi, sedition of, 394
Grant, General, 3

Greece, ancient, decline of arts in, 158;
small states favourable to the arts,
182; anxiety as to the balance of
power, 349; cold-blooded butcheries
in, 404, f.; unsettled state, 407; size
and population of cities, 418, f.,
422; neglect of military discipline,
442

HUM

Greeks, ancient, fond of the bottle, 257;
their privileges observed by Romans,

441

Guelfs and Ghibellines, factions of, 129
Guicciardin, 29, 303

Gustavus Vasa, 135

Hannibal, his victories in Italy, 351
Happiness, attainment of, 205, 220;
Spartan idea, 226; no perfect distribu-
tion of, 230
Hardouin, Père, 426

Harrington, J., his 'Oceana' the only
valuable model of a commonwealth,
481; prediction of, 122
Helvetia, inhabitants, 438
Henriade, 96

Henri IV., remark of, about astrologers,
373

Henry VII., treasure amassed by, 341
Herodian, 429, 436

Herodotus, 104, 410, 419, 424
Hertford, Earl of, 6

Hiero of Syracuse, understood the balance
of power, 352
Hirtius, 438

History of House of Tudor, Hume's, 6
Holland, form of government of, 95;
Presbyterian and Arminian factions
in, 136

Home, J., author of Douglas, 9, 64, 65
Homer,moral characters of his heroes, 267
Horace, 159, 177, 190, 194, 390
Horne, Dr., remarks on Hume's Disser-
tations, 68; attacks Hume and Adam
Smith, 80, f.

Hortensius, Nicolaus, 428

House of Commons, British, 112; sup-

port of popular government, 307
Human Life, more governed by fortune
than reason, 231

Human Nature, dignity and meanness
of, 150, f.; estimate of, 152; com-
parison of men and animals, ib.; its
passions, 154, f.; ills of, 226, f.
Human Understanding, Hume's Enquiry
concerning, 3

Hume, his birth and family, 1; residence
in France, 2, 3; rising reputation, 4;
plan of history, ib.; success of his
works, 6; attached to embassy to
Paris, ib.; illness, 7; his character
drawn by himself, ib.; his death, 13;
his passion for literature, 15; letter
to M. Ramsay, ib.; his mode of life,
18, f.; letters to Prof. Hutcheson, 27,
f., 33; his Collection of Scotticisms,
35; dissatisfied with his own style,
36; desire of applause, ib.; criticism
of his own works, 36, f.; Johnson's
observations, 40, 83; his Sceptic. 46;

HUM
Stoic, ib.; tendency to materialism, ib.;
residence in Edinburgh, 47; ap-
pointed Judge-Advocate of expedi-
tion against Port l'Orient, ib.; Philo-
sophical Essays concerning the
Human Understanding, 49; sale of
his works, 50; Warburton's attack,
ib.; his Essay on Miracles, 50; Con-
versation with a Jesuit, 51; his En-
quiry concerning the Principles of
Morals, 52; his letters to Gilbert
Elliot, 51, 54, t.; his Dialogues con-
cerning Natural Religion, 54, 77;
literary activity, 55; political dis-
courses, 56; becomes known abroad,
ib.; letter to Dr. Clephane, ib.; ap-
pointed keeper of Advocates' library,
59; his History of Great Britain, ib.;
letters to Adam Smith, 59, 78; trans-
lates Plutarch's Lives, ib.; declines
editing a newspaper, 60; his Four
Dissertations, 60, 67; his remarks on
Dr. Warburton, 64; dedication of
his Dissertations, 65; letters to
Andrew Millar, 60, 65; Essays on
Suicide and Immortality of the Soul,
69, f., surreptitiously published, ib.;
his care in preparing his works for
the press, 73; his changes of opinion,
73, 74; remarks on Bolingbroke and
Swift, ib.; neglects philosophy, 75, f.;
appoints W. Strahan his literary ex-
ecutor, 79; publication of his Auto-
biography, 80; hostile criticism, 81;
Wesley's sermon on, 82; his deathbed,
83; supplement to the Life of, 84;
watching his grave, ib.; list of edi-
tions of his works, 85; his remarks
on English parties, 107, f., 117, f.;
on the British constitution, 126;
charges early Christians with 'im-
prudence and bigotry,' 132; his defi-
nition of Priests,' 147; on Judaism
and Popery, 148; on Church of Eng-
land, ib.; on English sects, ib.; his
objection to mixed companies, 194;
his ideas of happiness, 198, 220; on
the value of money, 314; his plan of
a commonwealth, 482, f.

Hunt, Mr., on Hume's Treatise of Hu-

man Nature, 39; on Hume's scepti-
cism, 75

Hurd, Dr., his pamphlet against Hume,
5; a pious fraud, 62
Hutcheson, Professor, 27, f.
Hutchinson, Mr., his scheme for pay-
ment of National Debt, 370

Independents, character of, 148; political
union with Deists, 150

MAR

agriculture, 293; contribute to the
power of a state, 294
Marriage, contract of, 231; an extra
wife allowed by Athenians, 232;
among the ancient Britons, ib.; poly-
gamy, 233; duration of, 237 f.
Martial. 390, 395

Mauvillon, E'lazar publishes transla-
tion of Hume's Political Discourses
in France, 56

Medici, their wealth makes them mas-
ters of Florence, 123
Mehemet Effendi, saying of, 234
Melon, M., 289
Menander, 245

Miller, A., Hume's letters to, 60, 65;
letter to Hume, 68

Miracles, Hume's Essay on, 50; its
style, 51

Molinists, friends to superstition, 150
Monarchy, absolute, points of resem-
blance to a republic, 95; incon-
venience of an elective, 101; the
best form of, ib.; improved character
of modern monarchs, 161; absolute,
repugnant to law, 180; the Chinese,
183; enormous monarchies destruc-

ive to human nature, 355; plan of
limited, 482 f.

Money, not one of the subjects of com-
merce, 309; representative of labour,
312; causes high prices, 313; value
of in France, 314; its quantity
of little consequence to a State,
315 f.; scarcity in some parts of
Europe, ib.; rise of prices after dis-
covery of West Indies, 318; in China,
320;
has a fictitious value, 321;
causes of high interest, 322; rise of
interest in Scotland, 323; causes of
low interest, 326; interest the
barometer of the State, 327; propor-
tion between, and goods, 328; in-
terest in Roman Spain, 329; reduc-
tion of interest in England and
France, 330; methods of sinking and
raising its value, 337; treasures
amassed by Henry VII., 341; by
Philip of Macedon and Perseus, 342
Montesquieu, 440

Morals, Hume's Inquiry concerning the
Principles of, 52; a delicate sense
of, 151; harmony of authors as to,
267

More, Sir T., Utopia of, 481

Morocco, wars of colour in, 129, 130
Muscovites, ancient, 193

National Character, Hume's Essay on,
49; influence of physical causes,

PHI

244, 246 f.; of example, 248;
of government, 249; similarity
of Jews and Armenians, 250;
ancient Greek and Roman, ib.;
French and British, 251; negroes
inferior to whites, 252; pretended
influence of climate, 253; language
dependent on, ib.; of Northern and
Southern countries, 253 f. 256;
Turks and ancient Romans, 255;
moral causes of, 256; addiction to
strong drinks, 257; amorousness,
258
National Debt, a modern expedient,
361 f.; consequences of, 363, 368 f.;
scheme for payment of, 370

Nepos, Cornelius, Life of Atticus, 390
Newton, 183

Nicole, his Perpétuité de la Foi, 54
Ninus, immense army of, 443
Noone, John, 25

Parties, in general, 127, 131, 133; in
Greek empire, 128; in Rome, 129,
134; in Italy, ib.; in Morocco, ib.;
in England, 133, 134; ecclesiastical,
court, and country, 135; origin-
Whig and Tory, 136 f.; coalition of,
464 f.

Passive obedience, 460
Paten, pleadings of, 171
Paterculus, 416

Persecution, religious, among the an-
cients, 132

Persian empire, cause of its overthrow,
350

Persian Letters, 237

Persians, ancient, Machiavel on their
subjugation by the Greeks, 103 f.;
drunkenness in repute among, 257
Personal Identity, 33

Petronius, 390

Phædrus, 190

Philip of Macedon, his rejoinder to a
candid Roman, 189; treasure amassed

PHI

by, 342; his army as Captain-Gene-
ral of Greece, 424 f.
Philosophy, attention paid to in Eng-
land, 33; in the early Christian
period, 132; excellence of the Eng-
lish in, 159; Peripatetic introduced
in the schools, 182; Cartesian,
183; the Eclectics, 184; the Epi-
curean, 197 f.; Stoic, 203 f.;
Platonist, 210 f.; Sceptic, 213 f.;
devotion to, 220; considerations on,
224 f.

Plato, 361, 418, 420, 424, 481
Platonist, the, 210

Population, of ancient nations, 381,
383; effect of slavery on, 387; of
monasticism and infanticide, 396;
disadvantages of the ancients as re-
gards, 400; ancient and modern
compared, 413, 432, 435; of Greek
and Roman cities, 418 f.; of Roman
Empire under Augustus and Trajan,
439, 440

Presbyterians, character of, 148
Press, liberty of, 94; peculiar to Great

Britain, 95; accounted for in Eng-
land, 96; advantages of, 97
Priests, enemies of liberty, 135; defini-
tion of, 147; a superstitious inven-
tion, ib.; of all religions the same,
245; their hypocrisy, 246; their
self-deception, ambition and fury,
ib.; among the Romans, 247
Protestant Succession, Hume's Essay
on, 48; its advantages and disad-
vantages considered, 471 f., 475;
reasons for excluding the Stuarts,
477 f.

Rome, buildings of ancient, 56, 57;
government under Emperors, 96;
Roman tyranny, 102; most illus-
trious period of its history, 106;
parties in, 129, 134; progress of
arts in, 158; arbitrary decisions of
consuls, 179; Roman rudeness,
191; Romans a candid race, 255;
always at war, 292; corrupted by
luxury, 305; armies of, 310; doubts
as to Roman history, 351; cause of
the destruction of the empire, 358;
public spectacles, 387; influx of
slaves, 389, 391; Civil Law, 391;
pay of troops, 399; Roman hu-
manity, 407; massacres during civil
wars, 408; extent of, 423, 426, 427;
how built, 425; population of, 425,
427; bills of mortality, 428; streets
full of snow and ice, 433; largest
population of empire, 450; how the
emperors succeeded each other, 458
Romish Church, acquisition of power
by, 149; a hindrance to learning,
183; inspires hatred of other reli
gions, 284
Rousseau, 187

Sallust, 161, 188, 305, 428
Saserna, 434, 435

Saxony, Catholic King and Protestant
Elector of, 478
Sceptic, the, 213

Sciences. See Arts
Senate, an ideal, 488

Seneca, 387, 390, 393, 395, 396, 404

SEV

Severambians, history of the, 232
Shaftesbury, Lord, 117, 154, 191, 377
Shakespeare, 262

Slavery, Roman, 385 f.; influence on
population, 387 f.; privileges of,
390; at Athens, 390, 420; in West
Indies, 390; at Rome, 391 f.; in
Sicily, 395; in Turkey and Egypt,
395; in Sparta, 421; in Corinth and
Ægina, ib.

Smith, Adam, letter to W. Strahan,

Esq., 9; correspondence with Hume,
77 f.; assailed for his share in
Hume's Autobiography, 80 f.
Solomon, his polygamy, 234
Solon, legalizes infanticide, 396
Sophocles, 211

Spain, poverty of peasantry, 298; con-
dition of ancient, 438

Sparta, absence of commerce, 290
Spenser, 473

Spinoza, 40

St. Clair, General, 3; Hume appointed
secretary to, 47

Stage, English, licentiousness of, 183;
the French, 284
Stanian, 342, 343

State, chief magistrate in a, 100; in-
convenience of an elective monarchy,
101; necessity for wise laws, 105;
ascendancy of one man, 115; autho-
rity and liberty in, 116; possessors
of wealth in, 123; trade not regarded
as an affair of, 157; internal police,
161; small states favourable to the
arts, 182; divisions of the, 289;
agricultural, 293; causes of its great-
ness, 294 f.; quantity of money of
little consequence to, 315; refined
life beneficial to, 319

Stoic, the, 203 f.

Strabo, 247, 389, 393, 417, 425, 433,
436, 438, 440, 441

Strahan, letter to, from Adam Smith,

9; appointed Hume's literary exe-
cutor, 79; declines, 80

Suetonius, 103, 386, 389, 426, 428
Suicide and the Immortality of the
Soul, Hume's Essays on, 69 f.; note
by Allan Ramsay (?) 71
Suidas, 440

Superstition, 144; true sources of,
145; favourable to priestly power,
146; its insidiousness, 149;
enemy to civil liberty, ib.

Sweden, military force of, 492

Swift, Dr., 74, 332, 408

an

Sybaris, cause of its populousness,

411

Syracuse, greatness of, 418

VAR

Tacitus, 96, 103, 135, 310, 373, 389,
392, 394, 396, 401, 426, 436, 441
Talon, 171

Tasso, 201

Taste, standard of, 266, 279; varieties,
269, f.; want of imaginative delicacy,
272; right criticism, 275, 278; its
principles, 276; influenced by man-
ners, 280; by religious principles,

283

Taxes, dangerous maxim as to, 356;
best kind of, 358; on land, 359
Temple, Sir W., 357
Terence, 241

Tertullian, 439, 440

Thebes, conquest by Alexander, 422
Theocritus, 415

Thought, liberty of in ancient times, 66
Thucydides, 104, 228, 290, 399, 404,
411, 414, 419, 421, 422, 424
Tiber, frozen, 432
Timoleon, 399

Toleration, religious, 97

Tories, character and conduct of, 139, f.;
none in Scotland, 143; union of High
Church with Roman Catholics, 150
Tournefort, his visit to the Grand
Turk's seraglio, 235; cited, 434
Trachinians, their application to Sparta,
399

Trade, not regarded as an affair of state,
157; needs a free government, 159;
ancient marts, 160, 357; progress in
France, 160; decay under absolute
government, ib.; contributes to great-
ness of state, 289, 294; banks and
paper currency, 311, 365; increases
industry, 325; ignorance, 330, f.; re-
strictions in France, 336; obstructions
to, 343; taxes on foreign commodi-
ties, ib.; domestic industry basis of
foreign commerce, 346, f.; nations
pre-eminent in, 356

Tragedy, power of, 258, f.; cause of
pleasure produced by, 261, f.; tragic
scenes in painting and poetry, 262;
action of, 265

Treatise on Human Nature, Hume's, 2,
25, 32, 33, 36, 37, 40, 49

Turkey, taxes in, 360; slave trade in,
395

Tyre, destruction of, 410

United provinces, government of, 490
Upper House, plan for an, 491
Ustariz, Geronimo di, 384

Valerius Maximus, 426

Varro, 389, 393, 394, 434