38 London Literary and Philosophical Intelligence. Though peace, in seeming, tranquillized his [VOL. 3 And grace, where Seine rolls her polluted tide. But list---that shout from subject Gallia's shore, And oh! may Freedom's hallowing light be A guardian halo o'er each deathless head. LONDON INTELLIGENCE. NEW WORKS published Feb. 1, 1816. THE Harold's Pilgrimage; by Lord Byron. The Dragon Knight: a poem, in twelve Cantos; by Sir J. B. Burgess, bart. Foliage, or Poems, original and translated, by Leigh Hunt. Revolt of Islam: a poem, in twelve cantos; by P. B. Shelley. Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude; by the same. Poetical Remains and Memoirs of John Leyden. Rhododaphne, or the Thessalian Spell; a poem. De Vaux, or the Heir of Gilsland; a poem. By Robert Carlyle. An Ode to the Memory of the Princess Charlotte; by James Edmeston, author of " the Search," and other poems. The Dramatic Works of the Right Hon. R. B. Sheridan; by T. Moore, esq. Retribution, or the Chieftain's Daughter; a tragedy, in five acts; by John Dillon. An Account of the Captivity of Captain Robert Knox, and other Englishmen, in the island of Ceylon. The Ladies' Encyclopædia. NOVELS. Northanger Abbey ; a romance. J. W. Lake, Esq. is preparing for the press a volume of Poetry. A New Biographical Magazine is about to be commenced in monthly numbers, containing Portraits with Lives and Characters of Eminent and Ingenious Persons of every age and nation. Each number will contain eight highly finished Portraits from the most esteemed likenesses, engraved in his best style by HOLL, with the Lives and Characters written by Mr. HARRISON. Mr. JOHN OVERTON will speedily publish Strictures on Dr. Chalmers's Discourses on Astronomy, shewing that his astronomical and theological views are irreconcileable with each other. Sir EGERTON BRYDGES has nearly ready for publication a novel entitled: The Hall of Helingley, or the Discovery. Mr. S. P. THOMPSON, of Liverpool, is printing a descriptive poem entitled: Birkenhead Priory. Mr. EDWARD DANIEL has in the press, The Gaol, a collection of original poems. Prince MAXIMILIAN of NEUWIED, whose Travels in Brasil we have noticed in former numbers, returned to Neuwied in August last, where the whole of the collections in natural Persuasion; by the author of Pride and history made by him previously arrived. He Prejudice. 4 vols. Tales of my Landlady. 3 vols. Sir James the Ross: a border story. Frankenstein. 3 vols. The Rev. J. C. LATROBE is preparing anarrative of his late Tour in South Africa,togeth er with some Account of the State of the Missions of the United Brethren in that interesting country. The work will be comprised in one quarto volume embellished with coloured engravings. Mr. PERCY proposes to publish by subscription Cawood Castle, and other Poems. Remarks, Moral, Practical, and Facetious, on various interesting Subjects. Selected from is now engaged in preparing an account of his travels for the press. The work will be embellished with upwards of 200 engravings, representing subjects in natural history, local scenery, and the inhabitants. Government with a laudable desire to promote the interests of science, is equipping four vessels for the purpose of exploring theGreenland seas, which, according to the reports of persons employed in the fishery, were never known to be so free from ice as in the last season. Two of these vessels, under the command of Capt. BUCHAN, late of the Pike sloop of war, just returned from Newfoundland, will endeavour to penetrate to the north pole,while the other, under Capt. Ross, will proceed up Davis's Straits, the extent or termination of which is still utterly unknown. The ships are to be ready for sea by the beginning of March. In the press, Zelix Alburez; or Manners in Spain, interspersed with poetry: by ALEX. C DALLAS, esq. VOL. 3.] Intelligence: Literary and Philosophical. Baron VON SACK, whose voyage to Surinam at every raising, than the former ones. was printed some years since, is about making a scientific tour in Egypt, accompanied by Mr. William Müller, whom the Academy of Berlin have charged with various commissions for that country. Mr. PETER COXE's long expected poem entitled The Social Day, will appear in the spring. It will be embellished with 28 engravings by Messrs. Bond, Bragg, Burnet, Byrne, Engelheart, Finden, Landseer, Middiman, Moses, Scott, Scriven, and C. Warren, from designs presented to the author as tributes of respect by some of the most eminent artists of the metropolis. Capt. BLAQUIERE is preparing a translation of Signor Nananti's Narrative of a Voyage to Barbary and Residence at Algiers. The author had resided many years in England and was returning to Nap when the ship which conveyed him was taken by a corsair and carried to Algiers. Though he was immediately restored to liberty, through the intercession of the British consul, yet he lost all he had with him, including the literary collection of his whole life. Dr. ADAM NEALE has in the press, Travels through Germany, Poland, Moldavia, and Turkey, in a quarto volume illustrated with eleven engravings. NATURAL ROADS.---In the Royal Society of Edinburgh, a paper was read by Mr. Dick, on the appearances call the "Parallel Roads" in Glenroy, in the shire of Inverness. This glen extends about eight or nine miles from N. E. to S. W. and consists of six or seven distinct vistas or reaches, produced by the projections and bending of the hills. It is very narrow, and the river Roy runs along its bottom. On the sloping sides of the hills on each side are seen what have been called the Parallel Roads, a series of shelves receding one above another, through the whole extent of the glen. Each shelf preserves a horizontal_position throughout the length of the glen. In number, height, and position, they are similar on the opposite sides of the glen. These shelves, which some have supposed to be artificial, Mr. Dick shows, very satisfactorily, must have been produced by the action of the surface of a vast lake, which must have filled the valley, but undergone a series of successive subsidences, by the bursting out of its waters, corresponding to the number of roads" now visible. He has, he thinks, ascertained the point in the glen through which the waters rushed when the lake subsided to the second level. Mr. Dick supports his theory by observations made on the margins of deep lakes in the Highlands, and by an analogous road or shelf, which surrounds a valley above the town of Subiaco, forty-six miles east from Rome and which is known to have been once on a level with the waters of the lake, by the ruins of the baths of Nero, and of the aqueduct by which Appius Claudius conveyed water from this lake to Rome, though the lake is now much lower. The following is given as fact in a late Manchester Cronicle:---Early potatoes may be produced in great quantities by resetting the plants, after taking off the ripe and large ones. A gentleman at Dumfries has re-planted them six different times this seaso", without any additional manure; and instead of falling off in quantity, he gets a larger crop of ripe ones 39 His plants have still on them three distinct crops, and he supposes they may still continue to vegetate and germinate until they are stopped by the frost. By this means he has a new crop every eight days, and has had so for six weeks past. Mr. Sewell, assistant professor at the Veterinary College, has discovered a mode of curing a chronic lameness to which hunters, chargers, and other valuable horses are liable, after any considerable exertion. It consists in dividing the nervous trunk, and extirpating a portion of it, where it enters the foot behind the pastern joint. Mr. George Sinclair,gardener to the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey, states, that the larvæ of the phalana tortrices, or grubs, are often the cause of blight in fruit-trees. Two orchards at Woburn were annually more or less subject to the ravages of those insects till the following expedient was adopted.---Immediately after the fall of the leaves a waggon load of lime was placed in the orchard and suffered to slake by the weather. Advantage was then taken of the morning dews to powder every part of the surface of the trees with the lime while in its most caustic state. This process has been annually repeated with such success, that since its first adoption there has been but one partial attack of the insects; and this is attributed to the lime used that season having lost much of its causticity before it was appli ed, and to a heavy fall of rain immediately after the liming. It is essential that the algae be removed from the trees previously to the application of the lime, as they not only do injury by closing the pores of the bark, but also form the principal nests where the eggs of the insects are deposited during winter. When these parasitical plants are once displaced, they never recover themselves if the liming be annually repeated. Seventy bushels of lime properly applied will be sufficient for an orchard of five acres completely stocked with full grown trees. Dr. Clarke, of Cambridge, has made a curious addition to our knowledge respecting wood tin. When exposed to the action of his powerful blow-pipe, it fases completely, and acquires a colour nearly similar to that of plumbago, with a very strong metallic lustre. It is very hard, brittle, and easily reducible to a fine powder, not at all affected by nitric acid, muriatic acid, and nitro-muriatic acid, even when assisted by heat. Hence it must still continue in the state of an oxide. From this experiment it may be inferred, with considerable confidence, that the assertion of Dr. Hutton and his followers, that all granite has been in a state of igneous fusion is erroneous, and that, on the contrary, the granite in which the ores of tin occur has never been in that state. Mr. Wm. Cole is printing Conversations on Algebra; being an introduction to the first principles of that science. The Rev. T. R. ENGLAND has in the press, Letters from Abbé Edgeworth to his friends, written between 1777 and 1807, with memoirs of his life. Mr. ROBERT BLOOMFIELD is engaged in a descriptive poem of the splendid mansion and that enchanting spot, Southill, near Bedford, the seat of the late Mr. Whitbread. Mr. JAMES HAKEWELL announces a Pictu resque Tour of Italy; in illustration of, and 40 The Patent Completing Printing-Press-Painters, &c. in London. [voL. 3 reference to, the celebrated works of Addison, Eustace, and Forsyth. The first number will appear early in the spring. COMPLETING PRESS. From the Literary Gazette, January, 1818. In our last Number, we mentioned that the Literary Gazette was the only Journal in the world printed by this admirable Machine; and as a matter of extraordinary mechanical interest we subjoin a brief account of the process by which about a thousand of these large sheets are per hour produced by this magical invention. The beauty of the movements, their rapidity, their precision, are enhanced to the imagination by the nature of the operation they perform: it looks as if mind and not mat. ter were at work. We see a boy lay a white sheet of paper upon the web (here described,) and while we tell three it is received by another boy, as flour comes from the mill, a perfect newspaper, printed on both sides, with a degree of unequalled force, clearness, and correctness. A more gratifying scene than the action of this piece of mechanism, it is impossible to conceive: it seems the very climax of human ingenuity, and if ever a thing of the kind merited public admiration and acknowledgment, we hesitate not to say that it is this wonderful apparatus. Printed in the house where SAMUEL JOHNFON lived and died, by a Machine as curious and unique as his endowments were stupendous and unrivalled; the Literary Gazette now presents at least two incidental attractions, in addition to those which have been already honoured with such cheering encouragement. We beg to request the notice of our readers to our page as a specimen of the art of printing by the singular means devised and perfected as is below explained. About ten years ago Mr. Bensley was applied to by Mr. Konig, a Saxon, who submitted to him proposals for joining him in the prosecution of a plan for improving the common printing press, which consisted chiefly in moving the press by machinery, by which the labour of one man might be saved. A press was formed on this plan; but the result was so unsatisfactory as to induce the rejection of it altogether. It will readily be conceived that this resolution was not taken till after numberless experiments had rendered the prospect hopeless. The idea of cylindrical impression now presented itself, which had been attempted by others without success; and a machine on this construction was completed, after encountering great difficulties, at the close of the year 1812. It may be proper here to introduce an outline of its operation. The form (i. e. the composed types) is placed on a carriage or coffin, which is constantly passing under the inking cylinders, obtain ing a coat of ink in its ingress and egress; these cylinders have a lateral and rotatory motion, for the purpose of equalizing the ink before it is communicated to the form. After the form is thoroughly inked, it passes under the printing cylinder, on which the paper is laid, where it receives the impression, and thence delivers itself into the hands of the boy who waits to receive it. This is termed a single Machine; by the assistance of two boys it prints 750 sheets on one side per hour. As despatch, however, is of the utmost importance to a newspaper, it was deemed advisable to constract what is called a Doubie Machine. This in no respect from that above describ ed, excepting the addition of a second printing cylinder, by which means, with the assistance of four boys, 1100 sheets are printed within the hour on one side. The Machines used for printing the Times newspaper are on this plan, and have now been constantly in use since November 1814. After the Times' Machines were constructed, the grand improvement of the Completing Machine was suggested, so called from its delivering the sheet printed on both sides. It has a double inking and printing apparatus, with two carriages or coffins, each large enough to admit a double demy form 344 by 21 inches. The paper is laid on an endless web, called the feeder, which revolves at intervals thence the sheet passes into the Machine, and is ejected in a few seconds printed on both sides. By this means 900 sheets are struck off in an hour, printed on both sides, or 1800 impressions; if the double sized paper be used, 3600 impressions. Two boys and an overlooker are all the assistance requisite, and a steam engine of one-horse power is sufficient force to impel it. The Patentees must feel a just pride in the completion of such an arduous undertaking, after so many years of labour and expense; and it is not the least gratifying circumstance attending it, to consider that in England so important an invention has been matured, which had been previously rejected by all the principal cities on the continent; for the inventor (Mr. Konig) spent not less than two years in seeking patronage in Germany and Russia, till at length to use his own words, he was compelled to seek refuge in England, the only country where mechanical inventions are duly rewarded.". size. It may be seen at the Atheneum Office.] [The Literary Gazette contains 16 pages, quarte FINE ARTS IN LONDON. From the Monthly Magazine, February, 1818. If any doubt existed, that success in the fine arts depends on no natural contingencies of climate, we might quote the excellency, and perhaps the actual superiority, of the British school, in every department of art in which native genius has been duly called forth. There can, we presume, beat this time no doubt but that Patronage is the basis of all successful exertions of genius; and that it was Pericles who produced a Phidias and a Praxiteles,---just as Napoleon produced a Canova and a David. Similar patronage of the merchants and nobility of Britain has, in like manner, engendered a WEST, a LAWRENCE, a WILKIE, a TURNER, and a CHANTREY; and produced a host of other artists, such as no country could ever boast. Thus it appears, from a list of each class inserted in the seventh and last number of the Annals of the Fine Arts, that modern Patronage has created in England not less than NINE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-ONE professional artists of various descriptions, resident in and near the metropolis. Of whom there are-- 532 Painters. 45 Sculptors. 149 Architects. 93 Engravers in Line. 38 in mixed styles. 19 in Mezzotinto. 33 in Aquatinta. 22 on Wood. And, what deserves to be especially noticed, among the painters there are no less than fortythree la dies! WE E do not think this extraordinary or other experiments, but simply to try, voyage has received enough of by the use of gas and ballast, to fall in public attention. The renewal of the with, and take advantage of currents of Habeas Corpus Suspension and other air, so skilfully as to be wafted to a propolitical matters, about the period it was posed destination. In the latter case this performed, were the wonders of the day; was fully accomplished, and its accomand an excursion singularly curious to plishment forms an era in the annals of science was passed over as silently and aerostation more surprising than that of rapidly as the young aeronaut himself de Rozier, which the poet so beautifully passed over the Channel. We deem it paints: worthy a niche in our Temple. It may be remembered that Mr. Sadler, senior, made a similar attempt in October 1812; and though it was believed at the time he might have made the coast of Cumberland or Scotland, yet in his endeavour to steer a course for Lancashire, the winter night overtook him, and having dropped into the sea, he was providentially rescued by a fishing vessel from a watery grave. The narrative of this bold adventure, published soon after, is extremely interesting, though written in a style of inflation, not out of unison with a balloon story. It is perhaps the fault of these narratives that they do not enter sufficiently into the minute philosophical detail of natural appearances, and of the indications given by the instruments with which the car is furnished: that they are rather descriptive than scientific. It may indeed be fairly urged in their defence, that the object of the attempts was not atmospheric G ATHENEUM. Vol. 3. So on the cloudless air the intrepid Gaul Watch, as it rises, the diminished sphere. Sees like a map in many a waving line, Inheriting, as it should seem, the cool by the perils of his preceding expedition, intrepidity of his father, and unmoved Mr. Windham Sadler chose a more auspicious season; and all the requisite preparations being made, ascended from Portobello Barracks near Dublin, at 20 the 22d of July last. The balloon, the minutes past 1 o'clock, P. M. on Tuesday 42 Mr. Sadler's late Æronautic Voyage across the Irish Channel. narrative says, was comparatively small, but its specific dimensions are not mentioned. The design being to cross the Channel as directly and quickly as pos sible, it was prudently determined by the æronaut to keep as entirely in the lower regions of the air as he could, thereby avoiding the loss of time in ascending and descending, as well as the expenditure of gas. The ascent was fine, with a light wind from the W. S. W. which in a few minutes raised the traveller to a height, whence the glorious landscape below was visible in all the sublime variety of land and sea, hill and valley, city and hamlet, together with winding coast and promontories, and, in particular, the Wicklow mountains, forming altogether a panorama, of the grandeur of which we may imagine something, but must take an aërial voyage fully to comprehend. This was, however, but a glimpse: a congregation of vaporous clouds soon obscured the voyager from every eye, and all the world from his eye. The sensation of cold on entering this cloud caused Mr. S. to put on some additional clothing; and finding, from the distention of the balloon, that his elevation was greater than he intended, he opened the valve, and threw out some pieces of paper, which, as they appeared to recede, indicated a continued ascent, notwithstanding this expedient, and he speedily soared above the cloud, and reached a clearer atmosphere. Here the balloon seemed to remain stationary for above two minutes,-occasional glimpses of the terrene were caught through the roiling masses of vapour, the reports of guns were heard, and the balloon now descending as rapidly as it had risen, a few minutes past two o'clock it was found to be perpendicular over the hill of Howth, so that very small progress indeed had been made during the forty-five minutes which had already elapsed. Not discouraged, Mr. S. threw out about 40lb. of ballast, again ascended, passed over Howth to the right of Ireland's Eye, and kept in the same direction till 25 minutes after 2, when he reached a second current of air from the W. N. W. and was borne, at within 14 minutes to 3, completely clear of the eastern extremity of the hill. We now follow his own narrative: [VOL. 3 My elevation was at this time about two 38, when, on a sudden, I was enveloped in a miles and a half, the Thermometer standing at snow shower, the effect of which, as the sunbrilliant beyond description; it was, howbeam glanced on the descending flakes, was ever, but of short duration, and speedily clearing away, I again enjoyed a serene atmosfrom the North of Dublin, towards Drogheda phere, and distinctly traced the indented coast and Newry, and on the southward, that rounding from Bray Head towards Wexford. tractive prospect, none was more anxiously In the midst, however, of the varied and atlooked for than the WELCH COAST, the immediate object of my destination, and at length five minutes past three I caught the first glimpse this was added to my other gratificatious, as at of the lofty mountain tops of the PRINCIPALI rits raised by the view, I now partook of some TY---my anxiety being removed, and my spirefreshment, and here, although at no very great altitude, perceived a phenomenon, which ed me even to a degree of extreme uneasiness, I had never before observed, and which affectnamely, that as the sun shone upon the car, the parts of my body immediately exposed to its influence were warm, almost to oppression, while the extremities endured the contrary sensation of the most rigorous cold. The thered to the sun it rose to 75. mometer, in the shade stood at 37, but expos Having refreshed myself, and holding the care was now to make the course as direct as object of my destination full in view, my chief possible, and for that purpose to keep the balfoon steadily in the current of air which was rapidly waiting me to the coast of Wales, and that apparently to the southward of Holyhead; to effect this, I therefore frequently used the counteracting powers of the gas and ballast, at mer to escape, or casting over a part of the intervals permitting small portions of the forlatter, so as to keep the balloon at an equal alrect line across the Channel. titude, by which means my course was a di Finding that every thing answered in the most perfect manner, my sensations arising not from my immediate situation, can better be only from the prospect of ultimate success, but conceived than conveyed by language---seated calm and serene atmosphere, wafted with a at ease and security in the middle regions of a rapid but unobserved motion over the broad expanse of ocean leaving its undulating billows posite shores of Ireland and Wales, with the far below me---enjoying at one glance the opentire circumference of the Isle of Man, attracted here and there by the gliding vessels, twenty-one of which in one fleet, formed a strikmg object as they directed their course to the northward--all combined, may convey some itself in all directions around. faint idea of the splendid view which spread At ten minutes past four, I could distinctly see the long-projected shadow of the balloon half-past four discerned the moon, but with passing over the surface of the waters, and at no other appearance than as seen from the earth in a clear day---Within 20 minutes of of Howth, on which the new Light-house is five I could still perceive the projecting point erected, a circumstance which I attributed to of the sun being in the West, bringing it more the situation in which I was placed, and that imm diately under the lustre of its beams---at thi time the sea presented a most splendid appearance, the sun still lighting with a purple tintitsevening waves, which began to be a lit |