ITALY. We learn from Rome, that the pope and the English, in alliance, are interesting themselves for the exercise of the Catholic religion in Turkey! It is said the British have excited as great discontents in Sicily "as they have in India!" We have a rumor of an intended "sacrilegious" attack upon the person of the pope. Particulars ty feuds which have toc long distracted these states, the great body of the people seem disposed to judge of the proceedings of their government with candor and liberality. They feel the important truth that moderation is wisdom: and though differing in their views and means of judging, they are inclined to consider all honest politicians as having the public good for their polar star. We cannot rationally expect to extripate party spirit altogether; a por-not stated. tion of it seems requisite in a free government to excite public vigilance, but we may do much, as legislators and citizens to control and circumscribe its pernicions effects, and to banish from the community that illiberal and malignant temper, which ascribes the best actions to the worst motives and influences us to impute an evil design to those from whom we differ, even where we cannot withhold our approbation from their measures. A disposition the reverse of this ought to prevail Conscious of the purity of our intentions, we ought to consider others as equally honest, though they may be mistaken in their views. Such enlightened and liberal sentiments, tend to unite the people with their government, produce harmony in the public councils and dispatch in the public business. A paragraph dated Naples, April 5, mentions that very interesting discoveries had lately been made at Pompeii. Near the temple, a rectangular public edifice, of 260 palms in length and 120 in breadth, with a portico of 50 columns in the interior has been discovered, and in it several remarkable pieces of statuary and other works of art. It is hoped that this enclosure may prove a productive mine of objects of art. NETHERLANDS. Two thousand Quaker Hollanders were about to sail from Antwerp for Philadelphia. One ship with 350 of them had actually left that port destined as stated. These emigrants are probably wealthy. 1500 persons were also embarking at Amster. dam for the United States. In all our proceedings, let us cherish a spirit of A vessel has arrived at New-York from Amstermoderation and harmony, of vigilance and frugali-dam with 100,000S in specie and 288 pipes of ty, and be emulous to advance the real interest of gin. our constituents, that we may effectually obtain the the end for which we were vested with authority. WILLIAM PLUMER. June 5, 1815. Foreign Articles. ENGLAND, &c. It is observed, by the editor of the Columbian, that in about 60 years 1100 miles of canal have been cut in the British dominions. Some of these are "great and glorious works." The wife and five children of a man who lately emigrated to the United States from Ireland, being on board a vessel (passage paid, &c.) for the purpose of joining him, were turned ashore to starve, unprotected, because they could not produce a certificate from the clergyman and resident magistrate that they were at liberty to emigrate! FRANCE. A merchant ship, of 300 tons, is fitting out at Havre de Grace for Calcutta, which "makes a great noise in the papers." The French shipping revives very slowly. SPAIN. SWEDEN. The coasts of Sweden are closely watched to prevent the entrance of "unknown or suspicious per sons" into the kingdom! AUSTRIA. A very active correspondence is still carried on between the courts of Vienna and St. Petersburg. TURKEY. fortresses of Romelia are supplying with men and stantinople which gives us a very satisfactory ac Ancona, April 6.-A vessel has arrived from Concount of the disposition of the Sublime Porte in regard to the Christians found in the provinces of the empire. They report an order addressed to the Pacha of Jerusalem, which is quite new in the Pasha having excited just complaints on the part annals of Ottoman policy. The vexations of this of the Christians, the religious orders deputed to Rome a proper person to make known the situation of the church in these countries. His holiness has church have been crowned with success, and that had news that his efforts for the peace of this the Pacha had promised not only to protect the pilgrims, but to restore what had been extorted from them. The order was, "Hearken diligently, Pasha, it is thy master speaks to thee. The ordinary revenue of Spain is given at 48 millions of dollars, and the amount derivable from all the colonies is estimated at 12 millions more; together 60 millions. But the latter has fallen off very much; the full amount is far below the cost of the peace, establishment, and the people have no confi-plaints of the people have reached my ear, and dence in the public securities. Hence the treasury is always without money. A Madrid article of April 3, says "Whole bands of robbers infest the neighborhood of this city. All the neighboring villages have troops stationed to prevent their depredations. Great exertions are made to prevent the evils which attend peace. Our government has news from Mexico and Peru, but nothing transpires. Orders are given for troops to be sent out." At the date of our latest accounts from Cadiz, it was believed that Barcelona was in a state of insurruction-that general Lacy was assassinated, and that the mob had mutilated all the friars-unmanning them. The com demand vengeance.-Thou hast abused thy au- ly takes in many millions of acres of valuable ter-patriots. He attacked and defeated them; but they ritory which we always thought belonged to the rallied again at the distance of six leagues, where United States; wholly excluding us from any com- it was said they were again attacked and beaten munication with the river St. John's. But the com-by Morales. missioners under the treaty of Ghent are about to es- In the mean time the royal commander of fort tablish the lines. Guiana (Saruti) having heard of the arrival and Many vessels have recently arrived at Quebec.-success of Morales, sallied out and attacked the We have terrifying accounts of the dangers and suf- patriots under Cedana (second in command to Piar) ferings encountered in their passage up the gulph in which he himself was taken prisoner with nearand river St. Lawrence, in consequence of meeting ly the entire loss of all his men. vast quantities of floating ice, and from excessive The Jamaica papers are filled with accounts of cold. Some of these vessels were stationary in the depredations committed under the Carthagenian ice on the 14th and 15th of May! The Quebec edi-flag; but speak well of the Buenos Ayrean com.tor gives it as his opinion that from the very unfavora- Taylor. A vessel under this flag is said to be in ble change of the temperature of Canada, it will be the North sea. Among them they have nearly anniniimprudent to sail for the St. Lawrence before the lated the commerce of Spain-which begins to be latter end of April or the 1st of May! carried on chiefly in neutral bottoms. WEST INDIES. Several transports with troops have arrived at Barbadoes from England, as it is said on a secret expedition. It appears that many of the planters are retiring from the Bahama islands to St. Vincent, &c. MEXICO. We learn from Cadiz that the soldiers who lately einbarked at that port for America, were literally forced away; and it was thought probable that the half of them would join the patriots. The patriot privateers have lately made some valuable captures off the Havana. It is also believ ed that they have captured three armed vessels Certain communications from persons high in which lately sailed from this port, among them one authority in Mexico, intended for the use of Ferdi- formerly called the Jacob Jones, of Boston, carry nand's ministers, have been diverted from their des- ing 22 guns, on board of which it was thought there tination by one of the patriot privateers. They are was a viceroy for Mexico and a bishop. We fear interesting as shewing the progress of the revolu- that this report is too good to be true. tion, and as leading us to its probable result. Ei- We have a report that the people at Rio Janerio ther party is deficient of military supplies, both have followed the lead of those of Pernambuco, and want energy, and the war drags heavily on. Yet, drove of the king of Portugal. says a letter from the archbishop of Manochoan, Mr. Da Cruz, agent or minister from the repub"almost the whole population gravitates towards inde-lic of Pernambuco, has arrived at Washington city. pendence; and will at last overturn us by its own mere It is understood that he cannot be received in an weight." A dashing spirit like general Mina (who official capacity, though he will, no doubt, be treat-. is now about to take an active part in the affairs of ed with respect as an individual. Mexico) supported by a few men of energy and talents and tolerably supplied with the munitions of war, would accomplish the revolution in a very few weeks. CHRONICLE. The president's tour.-We shall not follow the pre It appears also by these despatches that there is sident step by step, and retail all the chit-chat stuff a great falling off of the royal resources in Mexi-that appears in the papers about him-as irksome co-100,000 persons were formerly employed in the to the republican mind and manners of Mr. Monroe mines; now there are but 20,000, and the coinage as to the people at large. We by no means find fault of the mint bas of course decreased-yielding at with the marks of respect paid to the chief magispresent only six millions of dollars, per annum. trate on a tour of duty, but think there is more of The internal taxes do not yield one fifth of their pomp and parade given to it by the people than the former amount; the tribute formerly paid to the fitness of things requires. But as it belongs to this king is refused; tythes are no longer depended up-work to keep a sort of journal of his official proceedon-out of 50 districts under an archbishop, 37 are ings and to record the various addresses offered in the hands of the patriots. Much of the plate to him in his tour, with his replies, we shall keep coof the churches has been melted up and applied to pies of them, and occasionally insert some of them in the king's purposes, &c. regular succession. Dr. Robertson says that the republican force of Mexico is eighteen thousand strong, well organized On the 9th instant he arrived at the seat the viceand disciplined-that they occupy the heart of president on Staten-Island, and entered the city of Mexico, and have an extent of territory that contains New York on the 12th. On the 14th he embarked a million of souls That they have a congress reguin a steam-boat for West-Point. While at Newlarly elected, after the manner of that of the United York and in its neighborhood, the president examinStates, and want nothing but a supply of arms to ed all the public works and visited most of the give them immediate success. public institutions-and was every where treated with the respect due to him as first citizen of the republic and as a gentleman. SOUTH AMERICA. The royal governor of Angustura, a place of considerable importance on the Oronoco, it appears had plotted to deliver up the place to the patriots under Piar, which was discovered six days before it was ripe for execution. In consequence, he was seized, and put in irons, to wait the decision of his fate by Morillo. Several of his accomplices had been put to death in a summary way. In consequence of these events the royal general Morales with a considerable body of troops, advanc. ed for the protection of Angustura, beseiged by the But-as to the addresses offered to him, the Essex Register has the following happy remarks:-"We have been pleased with every thing we have heard in the visit of the president of the United States, besides the addresses. In this we are guided as much by his pleasure as our own. We do not expect that he comes to us to read and write, but to see us. We should deem it very absurd on a private visit to give a gentleman a letter, and oblige him to read and answer it, before we conversed with York." him. Send to Washington as many addresses as the Pennsylvania legislature, at its last session, you can, and let him read them there; but at your March 11, passed "an act to authorise the governor own house, like friend of Northey, of Salem, only to appoint commissioners to explore the route of bid him, welcome." the intended canal for uniting the waters of the The New-York Gazette says-The steam frigate Seneca lake and Tioga river, in the state of Newhas been got in readiness to convey Mr. Monroe, the president, to the fortifications below-and we are informed that she will start this morning up the Hudson, to meet, and take him on board. The frigate is to be manned by the brave tars at our navy yard, and a detachment of the marines. Mr. Adams is expected to arrive from England and assume the duties of the department of state, early in July next. These commissioners are obliged to "make re. port to him, to be laid before the next legislature, of the practicability, importance and probable expence of making and completing the said canal, together with such other information as they may be able to obtain." Great advantages are anticipated from the completion of this plan, it being intended to unite the Seneca lake, by the Chemung and Susquehanna ri Nero-Hampshire election. Official-for governor, William Plumer 19,088; James Sheafe 12,029; Je-vers, with the Chesapeake. remiah Mason 3,607; Josiah Bartlett 539; scattering 112. Plurality for Mr. Plumer over all the candidates, 2,801. The Roanoke. A lot of tobacco [40 hhds.] from Marseilles, a little town of North Carolina, situate on the river Dan, a branch of the Roanoke, 300 miles from the sea-board, bas arrived at Norfolk, Va. This is noticed as the "first fruits" of late internal improvements and enterprize in that quar ter. "We have only to add (says the Geneva Gazette) that after these locks and canals are constructed, and when those at the Seneca falls are completed, (the latter of which will be effected the ensuing season) an uninterrupted inland navigation will be open from Lake Ontario to the Chesapeake bay," Com. Bainbridge and captains Evans and Perry, are appointed by the president of the United States to examine and survey the harbor of Newport, with a view to a site for a naval depot, dock yard, &c. The Prometheus and Lynx are ready for sea, at Boston, and only waiting a fair wind. The American Academy of Fine Arts in New Error. In giving an account of the arrival of the valuable cattle presented by Mr. Coke to Messrs. Patterson and Caton, and speaking of that distinguished gentleman, we designated him as the "rich-York, have purchased of colonel Trumbull, a colest and most particular farmer," instead of saying lection of original paintings for 13,000 dollars. he was the richest and most practical farmer in The Greek ship Jerusalem, on her voyage from England. Smyrna to the United States, lately foundered at The great canal. Contracts are offered for con- sea. Her cargo in part consisted of 450 tons of structing certain sections of the great canal, west-quicksilver, which, bursting, so corroded the iron ward of Rome, N. Y. Emigration. Among the foreign articles is some notice of a great emigration about to be made to the United States from Holland. Many persons also arrive from England and Ireland. Exchange of lands. Gen. Jackson, gov. M'Minn, of Tennessee, and gen. Meriwether, of Georgia, are appointed commissioners to negociate with the Cherokees an exchange of their lands in Tennessee and Georgia for lands on the White river, beyond the Mississippi. work that the water rushed into the ship from every part, and she sunk off Cape Hatteras. Of the crew consisting of 36 men, all Greeks, only 5 were saved. We observe notices of two deaths occasioned by the blunders of apothecaries-giving poison instead of physic. From the New-Orleans Gazette of May 7. We announced to our readers on Monday that Don Diego Morphy, late vice consul of his catholic majesty for Louisiana, had been summoned to appear before the court of the first district to answer Cotten. The southern printers have adopted an for the disrespectful and apparently contemptuous excellent practice. They now publish the names publication to which we on that day alluded.* Mr. of persons detected in selling stones and rubbish M. appeared in court, by his counsel, declined the for cotton. jurisdiction of the court, alleging that, in his conCharleston. The population of the resident inha-sular character, he was amenable for offences under bitants of the city of Charleston has just been as a certain grade, solely to the courts of the U. S. eertained, and is as follows: White males females Colored free males Slaves females Total 5573 5656-11,229 434 11,515 1,200 23,944 His honor, Judge Lewis, overruled this objection, holding that it was the indispensable duty and the indisputable right of every court of record to sustain its authority from violation and its dignity from insult; that the class of offences, to which the consular privilege contended for, extended, were of fences against positive law, and not of the description embraced in the doctrine of contempts. PreDied, at Georgetown, Dist. Col. on the 18th inst. paratory to further investigation, the court required the Rev. Leonard Neale, archbishop of Baltimore, of Mr. Morphy to answer whether or not, he was and successor of the late Dr. Carroll, in the 71st the author of the publication in question. Upon year of his age. his answering in the affirmative, he was required Bank Fisheries. We understand, (says a Boston to confess or to disclaim the supposed disrespect paper) that 55 sail of vessels have arrived at Mar- or contempt contained in his publication; he asked blehead this spring from the Grand Banks, averag- some time to consider, and was allowed until yesing 16,500 codfish; when cured for market it sup-terday to answer the interrogatories. Upon being posed they will weigh 33,611 quintals, and accord-brought up, he declared under oath that he had no ing to a fair calculation, will bring from 100,000 to design, by his publication, to speak with disrespect 120,000 dollars. for contempt of the court. Hereupon Mr. Morphy was discharged. Seneca and Susquehanna locks and canals.-It appears that, at the request of the "Seneca and Susquebanna Lock Navigation Company" of New-York, See page 239, present vol. Weekly Register. No. 18 OF VOL. XII.] BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JUNE 28 1817. Hac olim meminisse juvaini.--VIRGIL [WHOLE NO. 304. PRINTED AND Published by H. NILES, AT THE HEAD OF CHRÁP×J, E, AT §5 PER AKNUM. The article on "Political Economy" that fol-1 After numerous calculations and many appeals to lows, has so much occupied the attention of the the opinions as well as the experience of others, I editor for several days, as almost to prevent him have arrived at the following conclusions-that the from attending to any thing else: yet he has to re-manufactured goods (not made up into clothing) regret many interruptions and incidents calculated to quired to clothe the people of the United States, unhinge the mind of that degree of harmony which costs, or may be valued, thus-duties, &c. included: is so necessary to the proper accomplishment of For every white person under 10 years old undertakings like this. $12 per annum. -above 10 30 He respectfully invites a deliberate examination of the facts stated and assumed-assured that an attention to them, whatever may be thought of their arrangement and application, will be useful to his country. Political Economy-No. II. PROPOSITION THE FIRST. other free person (average) 20 Slave I cannot believe that these estimates are unreasonable. The more I look at them the more certain I feel that they are under the average cost. But accepting them as data, we have the following results: ful to clothe the people of the § $178,500,000 United States, The broad ground of this proposition admits the There are in the United States more introduction of numerous facts, and involves the than a million of families of free persons, most important subjects of POLITICAL ECONOMY. We each of which consumes an average vashall treat of them as briefly as we can; but if they lue of more than 40 per annum, in appear tedious to any one, let him turn to the close other manufactures; such as for beds of the article where the results of our enquiries are and bedding, table cloths and towels, collected and stated, pro and con. carpets, &c articles of ironmongery In the first place we have to calculate the value and brass wares; china, queen's, earthof the goods required to clothe and supply the peo-en and glass wares; window glass, lookple of the United States-and ing glasses, paper, &c. In the second, after shewing the value of all our The new houses built every year and agricultural products, to attempt to ascertain the the old ones repaired, for ironmongesurplus we might have, if we were to abandon cer- ry, window glass, paints, paper hangtain manufactures-and ing, &c. cannot cost less than $50 each By a comparison of the two, to demonstrate the for an average-say 200,000 at 508 proposition. Judging by the returns of the mar It is proper to observe, that we shall calculate shals in 1810, which, though defective, the former at so much as it may be supposed to cost gave a value to the product of our dis the farmer and planter-and the latter at the amount tilleries and breweries of more than which it clearly brings to him-immediately, in both 16 millions, and adding thereto the cases. The difference between the original cost or amount of foreign liquors consumed, final product, is the profit and support of the classes we cannot estimate the cost of our that do not labor-the merchants, traders, lawyers, drinks at less than &c. &c. and for the support of the general and state governments. It is important that this should be recollected. 50 millions lbs. of sugar, besides that which is made in the United States, (including the duty) at 124 at 50 40,000,000 10,000,000 30,000,000 6,250,000 8 millions galls. molasses, as above, 4,000,000 4 millions busk. salt, as above, at 60 2,700,000 25 3,750,000 100 3,500,000 The present population of the United States, mathematically ascertained by the facts furnished in the several censuses, amounts to about 9,200,000 souls. This is rather below than above the real number; for it is in the very nature of things that any census of the United States, while the people Minor articles-pepper and spices, are so thinly scattered over so vast a tract of coun-mustard, foreign fruits, &c. &c.-$5 try, must be defective. for each family, less than 10 cents per The present population may be thus designated: week, White persons under 10 years old 3,750,000 3,800,000 and ammunition, and the value of the implements and tools of our farmers, manufacturers and mechanics, And we have the sum of mily, he sold cloth made of his own wool, &c. and spun by the women of his family, that brought him 26,300,000 eighty dollars, and has yet fine wool enough on hand to make $400 worth more. He keeps a strict ac$310,000,000 count of all his receipts and disbursements, and the statement may be relied upon. He is incapable of Now, I am perfectly satisfied this vast amount saying what is not true. This plain unvarnished is far below the cost, or value, of the things named fact is worth a bushel of speculation. Here is a or referred to; and I wish it strongly impressed family entirely supplied with all its clothing, and on the mind of every one, that we should have to cloths required for other purposes, with a balance pay that amount annually to foreigners (if we could) of $69 in hand of a surplus, chiefly through the or live very different, indeed, from what we now wholesome employment of its women, whose labor do, by merely rejecting the following home manu- would otherwise have been lost to it and the country. factures: 1 1. SPINNING AND WEAVING. 2. WORKS IN IRON, except common blacksmith's work. 3. DISTILLING AND BREWING. Here it may be well to make a brief digression from the subject immediately before us. Some will be ready to say-"Certainly, no one would wish 4. WORKS IN GLASS and CLAY-PAPER and PAINTS to check or destroy family manufactures." But these -Leaving to us all other manufacturers or memay, to a given extent, be checked, or destroyed, chanics such as those who make and make-up lea- as easily as those of the greater establishments. It ther, hatters, all that work in wood and in metals is the disposition of every one to receive a fair value except iron, all engaged in the building or equip. ping ships and vessels-in short, all, except those that belong to the six things just named, which seem to be those that some would rather wish to dispense with. But I venture to say there are few who ever supposed their value to be any thing like what it is-Thus : The aggregate is Deduct as the value of the foreign goods imported and consumed of the classes enumerated (and it cannot exexceed this sum) to the original cost of the articles being added the duties, merchants' profits, &c. And the value of the domestic manufactures will appear to be for the labor of his hands. The common laborer, whose regular wages, or fair earnings, are equal to one dollar per day, will do the next thing to starving himself rather than work for 50 cents a day. Nothing but pinching necessity will induce him to it; and if so induced, he will waste all the time that he can as a sort of a balance against the necessity. 310,000,000 And—if through deep laid plans and immense sacri. fices in foreign countries to send goods to the United States, (which are smuggled ashore and thus avoid the duty) we are inundated with such goods, and they are sold at 50 per cent. less than their real worth, are not our household manufactures 80,000,000 affected? The gentleman whose letter I have noticed above, says that his wool on hand, enough to make $400 worth of cloth, would have been made into $230,000,000 cloth, "if there had been a demand for it." The dif ference, then, between the value of the wool and the cloth was, somehow, lost to him and his country I request the reader to stop and pause a little forever, during the last year. The females of this while to examine what I have stated. Let him pass substantial farmer's family are no more compelled to before him all the documents within his reach, and, spin than the "princess Charlotte" is; and they will in the absence of those, figure for himself, and com- not do it, over as much as is needful to clothe the pare his calculations with mine. I see nothing ex-family, unless they are reasonably paid for it: the low travagant in the aggregate—indeed, it appears to me price of the foreign article, or the prejudices of the to result from very moderate estimates, made when people in favor of it, operated, then, as an absolute facts were wanting. And the result is supported loss of the value of a certain part of the labor of as strongly by the returns of the marshals in 1810, those females, which might, and would, in other as returns so very defective as they were can sup circumstances, have furnished a certain quantity of port any thing; especially by their enumerations of goods for market. But we shall speak again on this spindles and spinning wheels and looms, and fur-matter, for it is very important. naces and forges and other works in iron, in those few states or districts where attention was paid to collect their amount. And although, perhaps, our manufacturing establishments are not now much more extensive, as to the work performed in them, than they were in 1810, yet it is notorious that household manufactures, (the sheet-anchor) have immensely increased since that period. Take the following abstract of a letter to the editor of the REGISTER from a Pennsylvania farmer, dated on the 2d instant, as evidence of what I say-for the case of this gentleman, living in one of the most popu-to advance with a great deal of caution. lous parts of that state, and but a few miles fron Baltimore, is the case of tens of thousands of his brother farmers. He says-his family consists of 8 persons, 7 of whom are above 10 years of age-his farm contains 250 acres. His whole disbursements for foreign goods, for clothing, for a year just past, for himself and bis family, was only eleven dollars, yet his current expences for the year amounted to $600. But in this period, after supplying himself and fa We shall now attempt an estimate of the value of all the agricultural products and capacities of the United States, by adding to the supposed consumption of the people the amount consumed in certain manufactures, the amount exported to fo. reign countries, and the amount of increase that might be produced by an increased quantity of la bor for agriculture, by the destruction of the manufactures named. This is a vast field, indeed, in which we may easily lose ourselves; but we intend It was the opinion of Dr. Cooper about three years ago, that the agricultural products of the United States were worth 640 millions of dollars-1See Vol. VII. p. 237, WEEKLY REGISTER.] But with great respect for such high authority, I must venture an opinion, that that result came out of erroneous propositions, while some things were omitted that would have changed it materially. The doctor's conclusions, after many calculations, were, that— |