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"The youngest in the morning are not

That till the night their life they can secure."

"When these everlasting doors are thrown open, we may be

that

the pleasures and beauties of this place will infinitely transcend our present hopes and expectations."

Thankful-Grateful.

Gratitude is rather the feeling, and thankfulness the expression of the feeling. We may look grateful, but we speak our thanks. Thankfulness is uttered; gratitude is sometimes too deep for utterance. Gratitude is on the alert to make a return for kindness; thankfulness publishes a kindness. Gratitude is silent, though lasting; thankfulness is temporary, and is the expression of our gratitude.

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"The young girl made me a more humble courtesy than a low one; 'twas one of those quiet,

sinkings, where the spirit bows itself

down; the body does no more than tell it."

"After we had saluted each other with proper ceremony, we all bent in to that Being who gave us another day."

"He scarcely would give me thanks for what I had done, for fear that might have an introduction of reward."

"The release of pain is the excess of transport. With what

we

feel the first return of health-the first budding forth of the new spring that has dawned within us!"

"In favor, to use men with much difference is good; for it makes the person preferred more and the rest more officious."

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and his benefactor's

"He retired, overpowered with his own respectful compassion."

Vacant-Empty.

That which has nothing in it is empty. That which requires something in it is vacant. Empty is a natural, vacant, a circumstantial quality. A space is purposely left vacant which is intended to be filled up; a space is empty which is merely not filled up. If we rise from our chair, the seat is empty; if we do not intend to return to it, the seat is vacant. A seat in Parliament becomes vacant by the death of a member. A vacant hour wants filling up; an empty title has nothing solid in it.

[Const. Stuffs out his vacant garments with his form
King John, iii. 4.

Ant. When my good stars, that were my former guides
Have empty left their orbs
Ant. and Cleop., v. 11.

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"Why should the air so impetuously rush into the cavity of the receiver,

if there were before no

room to receive it?"

"I did never know so full a voice issue from so

saying is true, the

a heart; but the

thought the

eye; when you walk, he

vessel makes the greatest sound." "Others, when they admitted that the throne was succession should immediately go to the next heir." "When you speak, he listens with a

watches you with a curled lip; if he dines with you, he sends away your

best hock with a wry face."

"Cold is the hearth within their bowers,

And should we thither roam;

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Would sound like voices from the dead"

"The watch-dog's voice that bayed the whispering wind,

And the loud laugh that spoke the

mind."

"If you have two vessels to fill, and you

you gain nothing by that; there still remains one vessel

"The pit was

one to fill the other,

; there was no water in it."

"The memory relieves the mind in her

any chasms of thought, by ideas of what is past.”

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moments, and prevents

Warlike-Martial.

Martial qualifies the external appearance, and is used passively; warlike qualifies the spirit, and is active in its meaning. A martial appearance has reference to the " pomp and circumstance" of war; a warlike appearance, to the expression and attitude of warriors. A man who breathes a spirit of hostility has a warlike appearance; a man in armour, or in military uniform, has a martial appearance.

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"But different far the change has been

Since Marmion, from the crown

Of Blackford, saw that

Upon the bent so brown."

"Gifts worthy of soldiers; the

scene

steed, the bloody and ever

victorious lance, were the rewards which the champions claimed from the liberality of their chief."

"But when our country's cause provokes to arms,

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"When a war."

state grows soft and effeminate, they may be sure of a

"They proceeded in a kind of

their law before they drew their sword."

justice with enemies, offering them

"She, using so strange and yet so well-succeeding a temper, made her

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These two words, though approximating very closely in signification, do not convey exactly the same meaning. The distinction between them depends on the active or passive sense of the words which they qualify. Inevitable respects some fixed law of nature over which no human power can prevail; whereas unavoidable qualifies some measure or step which we cannot help taking. That is unavoidable which circumstances will not allow us to escape from doing; that is inevitable which our condition, as human beings, will not allow us to escape from suffering. Death, fate, and ruin, are represented as inevitable; a bankruptcy or a marriage may be unavoidable.

The

[Cor. 'Tis fond to wail inevitable strokes As 'tis to laugh at them.

since fate inevitable Subdues us, and omnipotent decree

Coriolanus, iv. 2.

P. L., ii. 197.

Why with such earnest pains dost thou provoke
The years to bring the inevitable yoke,
Thus blindly with thy blessedness at strife!

WORDSWORTH. Ode on Intimations,' &c.]

Exercise.

His affairs were so deeply involved, that an exposure was become consequences of extravagance are ruin and misery. In consequence of the non-arrival of the packet, we were at the custom-house.

delayed

Had not the storm abated, we should have been

shipwrecked.

Oppression on one side, and ambition on the other, are the ―occa

sions of war.

The evils to which every man is daily exposed are

This step was, as without it, our ruin was

"If our sense of hearing were exalted, we should have no quiet or sleep in the most silent night, and we must

a clap of thunder."

-ly be struck deaf, or dead, with

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Single acts of transgression will, through weakness and surprise, be to the best guarded.

son.

SECTION III.

SYNONYMES OF INTENSITY.

IN examining the explanations in this section, it will be found that they are all based upon one leading principle, viz. intensity—that is, the difference between the one and the other word will be, that the second expresses a more intensive degree of the first. Here again, the student must be cautioned against confounding this principle with grammatical compariIn grammar, the comparative is a more intensive form of the same word, (the adjective,) and is confined to one class of words; but here, the second word is wholly unlike the first in form, though it expresses a more intensive degree in signification. We may refer to this principle the difference between the two verbs to hear and to listen. To hear is a simple act, to listen is an intensive act. We cannot help hearing, but we listen with intention. The same may be said of to see and to look. It costs us no effort of the sense, to see it is but opening the eye, and the scene enters ;" but in looking, there is an effort, a desire, an act, in fine, of the mind as well as of the which is not found in the former word. This principle operates to a great extent in language, and a very great number of differences are to be explained by its application. Whenever we find a difference of this sort between two terms, they may be ranged under the head of "Synonymes of Intensity."

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eye,

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