Ibid. κaì μáX' ¡ßŵvros1 dè deî] Translate: and, let me tell you (de), there is need of a man in full strength—I do not mean (dè) for the purpose of giving assistance, now that all is over, for what need of that ?—but to force open the door, he should have said, when in the urgency of his distress he again calls wildly and impatiently for some one to answer him from within. Schol: ἀνδρὸς δεῖ εἰς τὸ χαλάσαι τὰς πύλας, scil. ut id subito fiat, quia res urget. Videtur servus, quum hæc loquitur, conatus 1 Blomfield-on the faith of Porson's incidental and (if it must be said) ill-advised remark on Eur. Or. 614 (where see Professor Scholefield interposing the shield of Menelaus in defence of the broken armour of Achilles): “Conjunctiones istas (kal-dé) in eodem sententiæ membro haud credo occurrere apud istius aevi scriptores, nisi per librariorum errores" -here, as in Prom. 973. Pers. 153. 261. 546. Eum. 65. (and as Porson himself in Soph. Phil. 1362), has altered dè into yé, without bestowing (it should seem) a moment's consideration on the consequent alteration of the sense. Now : the counterpart of too," as Mr. Sewell has termed it (Hor. Philol. p. 128)-being as evidently connected with dis and duo, as μév with els-whence their well-known meanings for one thing, for another thing; in the first place, in the second place; on the one hand, on the otheris properly used to express a transition from one subject, or one property of a common subject, to another. Hence it denotes generally, in further speaking, moreover-in which sense, as often as the speaker would simply eke out his own words or meaning, it admits of various modifications: Isayor would say, I mean, in other words; see vv. 78. 181. 372. 806. 820. 859. Ag. 197-and so agrees very well with the Anglo-Saxon but (more correctly bot, or boot) which 'always intimates something MORE, Something to follow," insomuch that "whenever any one in discourse finishes his words with BUT, the question always follows: BUT what?"-see Horne Tooke's Diversions of Purley, Part I, ch. viii: and compare Matth. Gr. Gr. § § 616. 621. whose simplest elementary notion is being -whence we are led to connect it, etymologically, with the root of yelvopai and yiyvouai-whether used in amplification, it being, even, or in restriction, though it be but, at least, differs from dé (as Te from Kal) in that it is altogether retrospective, and either by itself, or by help of a supplementary clause in which it stands, serves but to give an emphasis But ye, to the word, or proposition, to which it is immediately subjoined: see Matth. Gr. Gr. § 602, Stephens' Greek Particles, pp. 92-98. and Appendix pp. 147. 151. No more apposite example, indeed, of their difference need be given than Pers. 260-1: ὡς πάντα γ ̓ ἔστ' ἐκεῖνα διαπεπραγμένα, καὐτὸς δ ̓ ἀέλπτως νόστιμον βλέπω φάος, where the ye, whilst it lays stress on Távra, tacitly enforces also the preceding exhortation αἰαῖ, διαίνεσθε, Πέρσαι, τόδ ̓ ἄχος Kλúovtes ib. 258-9; whereas the dé informs us further, that not only is there utter ruin there, but that it is beyond his hopes, that the messenger 66 only has escaped alone to tell" it: compare Job i, 15, 16, 17, 19. I will only add that, what kaì... πρós expresses in Prom. 73, ἢ μὴν κελεύσω κάτ milwüсw ye πрós. Eur. Phoen. 610, κal κατακτενῶ γε πρός. ib. 877, νοσῶν τε καὶ πρὸς ἠτιμασμένος. Hipp. 893, καὶ πρός γ ope. Heracl. 641, μáλOTA KαπрÓS γ ̓ εὐτυχεῖς τὰ νῦν τάδε. Hel. 956, ἀπόδος τε καὶ πρὸς σῶσον, might, so far as the mere wording goes, have been equally well expressed by καὶ . . . δέ: καὶ σῶσον δέκαὶ νῦν δ ̓ εὐτυχεῖς—and (though less energetic without γε) καπιθωΰξω δέ καὶ κατακτενῶ δέ-κἀξελῶ δέ:as,on the other hand kal...ye (as in Eur. Suppl. 766. which Matthiæ has noticed) might often be replaced by κal μáλα, for which our Poet has in one rare instance used kal TaÛTа Eum. 112. And so in emphatic answers ye is often equivalent to μáλiora (see Matth. Gr. Gr. p. 1064. note (d)), and, when subjoined to a word to shew (as in Tavu ye) that that word is to be taken in its fullest sense, exerts the same force as a prepositive κal (e.g. κal τáνν, with which compare Hor. Sat. i. 6, 22: vel merito, i.e. merito quidem) denoting that we are to go the whole length of the expression; just as, in Thucydides, the postpositive μáλora exerts the same force in numerical computation, as the prepositive ès or èrí: Matth. Gr. Gr. § 578. f. § 586. Compare the notes on Ag. 141. 695. esse vi aperire januam clausam ædis mulierum, quod quum sibi seni parum succedat, postulat opem." Klaus. 1 66 859. oux is d']"σr' Glasg. [Blomf. Dind.] male, neque Hermanni emendatione opus est, qui (de metr. Pind. p. 241.) legit: oux ås d' ȧpnça,1 ne sic quidem ille opem ferat, neque Döderlinii explicatione, qui in spec. Soph. p. 89. geori subaudiendum putat. Servo auxilium frustra invocari, quum res jam acta sit, in mentem venit; quare addit: non tamen, ut auxilium ferat." Well-who adds: "diameжрауμévшv Ald. Rob., forsitan recte: quum jam actum sit ;" and so Klausen : “diateπpayμévwv M.G.A.R. διαπεπραγμένῳ Τ.V. et Schol : τῷ σφαγέντι. Genitivus positus eodem sensu, quo éπì c. dat. v. 696 (721)." Compare Pers. 260, ós πάντα γ ̓ ἔστ' ἐκεῖνα διαπεπραγμένα, and see the note on Ag. 1346, ἐπ' égeipyaoμévois. Arnold on Thuc. i. 7 : πλoïμwτépwv övrov. Matth. Gr. Gr. § 563. For rí yáp; after which it is here most obvious to supply deî, see the note on Ag. 1104.—“ rí yáp ; Ag. 1064 (1104). 1160 (1206). modo dictum pro rí yàp aλo, modo pro rí yàp opeλos; et ita hoc loco." Klaus. 861. καθεύδουσιν μάτην] Klausen connects μάτην with ἄκραντα, but why should he not connect it with kadeúdovσw, which sufficiently answers here to the description of a verb "quod per se vanitatem designat," as he writes on v. 825, Ovýokovтes μárny? Translate and am talking to no purpose to persons idly sleeping, or to idle sleepers; and compare Fum. 94, εὕδοιτ ̓ ἄν, ὠή, καὶ καθευδουσῶν τί δεῖ; Jonah i, 6 : What meanest thou, O sleeper? 863. "Quod ad Stanleii conjecturam attinet, hunc versum cum proximo Choro forte tribuendos esse, haud negaverim illud sic amarissime dictum videri, et tum summo odio in Clytemnestram, tum gaudio ob jam receptam libertatem ex morte Ægisthi convenire: sed magis ex indole tragicorum videtur hæc Nuntio tribuere : alterum illud nimis artificiosum videtur, et tragœdiæ recentioris. Suavius decurreret hic versus, si legeretur Εοικεν αὐτῆς νῦν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ πέλας.” Butl. Ibid. ni upoû. “émičývov méλas Abresch. ex Ag. 1248, quia displicebat éλas cum gʊpoû conjunctum. Schützius réλas de tempore accipit; de loco Butlerus, prope Ægisthum. Sed etiamsi éλas abesset, 'This would place the text under the same construction as τίς λέγοι; ν. 580: Not that even so he might (i.e. can be conceived to) help a murdered man; see on v. 577. 2 Yet this arrangement of the words would not keep the incidental clause, vûv ...auxny, so plainly apart from the main proposition ἔοικε πεσεῖσθαι, as they now are distinguished by a pause, or trithemimeral cæsura, (easily marked by the actor's intonation) after oue-or perhaps, as Blomfield has suggested, after vûv. difficilis esset sententia ; quomodo enim dici potest Clytæmnestræ percussa cervix in novacula aciem casura esse ? ἐπὶ ξυροῦ εἶναι, vel ἵστασθαί, vel ßeßávaɩ, dicitur is qui in discriminis articulo versatur, non autem qui ipsam calamitatem subiit. Quare #enλnyμévns vertendum erit statim percutiende [immo quum percussa fuerit], potius quam percussa." Blomfwho compares, in illustration of ἐπὶ ξυροῦ· ἐπὶ κινδύνου, ἤ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὀξυτάτου ἤ ἀκροτάτου : Hesych., Hom. I. x, 173 : νῦν γὰρ δὴ πάντεσσιν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς ἤ μάλα λυγρὸς ὄλεθρος ̓Αχαιοῖς, ἠὲ βιῶναι. Theogn.557 : φράζει κίνδυνός τοι ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς. Soph. Ant. 996 : φρόνει βεβὼς αὖ νῦν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τύχης. Theocr. xxii, 6 : ἀνθρώπων σωτῆρας ἐπὶ ξυροῦ non éóvτwv, and adds: Hæc congessit Stanl. ab Theb. 97, partem ex Duporto, qui monet hoc proverbium etiam Herodoto usurpatum esse; nempe vi, ll : ἐπὶ ξυροῦ τῆς ἀκμῆς ἔχεται ἡμῖν τὰ πρήγματα, ubi Valck. laudat Simonidis epigramma : ̓Ακμᾶς ἑστακυῖαν ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ̔Ελλάδα πᾶσαν. Interdum breviter dicebatur ἐπ ̓ ἀκμῆς, sine ξυροῦ. Eur. Hel. 896, ὅν μόλις ποτὲ λαβοῦσ ̓ ἐπ ̓ ἀκμῆς εἰμὶ κατθανόντ' ἰδεῖν.” Add Hor. Sat. i. 9, 74: fugit improbus, ac me sub cultro linquit. Heyne on Il. x. 173 : "Proverbium ductum puta a momento, cum culter tonsorius jam admotus est cuti." Translate: Methinks, her throat being even now close upon the cutting point -i.e. the critical turn of the razor, just stopping short of drawing blood (¿upeîv ev xpô Soph. Aj. 786)—(she) is about to fall by a judicial visitation upon (it, or upon her, shall we say? Surely upon) her: for aux is but incidentally connected with reσeîobal, and in strictness belongs only to the apposition méλas v ènì έupoû, which is mixed up with the main proposition ἔοικε πεσεῖσθαι πρὸς δίκην πεπληγμένη (so the Guelph. MS. as collated by Askew), by the same license of construction, as we find in Ag. 275, ὑπερτελής τε, πόντον ὥστε νωτίσαι, ἰσχὺς πορευτοῦ λαμπάδος, πρὸς ἡδόνην πεύκη (ἔβη ?)—where see the note. We therefore, with the great majority of editors, retain in v. 864. πεπληγμένης, which when Klausen ventured to alter into πεπληγμένος observing "menλпуμévos G.A.R. пeλпyμévηs M.T.V. [cett.] Quæ videtur correctio"-he seems not (to say nothing of the opposition of M. and doubtful support of G.) to have considered, which was in itself the more obvious reading, and which, therefore, the more likely to invite alteration. With πpòs díκηy лen. justly, or here judicially, struck down—“ vicπρὸς δίκην πεπ. timarum sc. more." Stanl. see Soph. Aj. 298, kaì toùs pèv nỷxevíše. Eur. Hec. 564, εἰ δ ̓ ὑπ ̓ αὐχένα χρήζεις, πάρεστι λαιμὸς εὐτρεπὴς ὅδε. Οr. 51, φάσγανον ἐπ' αὐχένος βαλεῖν. Phœn. 1457, διὰ μέσου αὐχένος ὠθεῖ σίδηρον—compare above vv. 53. 140. 235. 299. 302.483. 623-25. Aj. 356. 1631. Theb. 608. Soph. Aj. 137. 279. 66 866. τοὺς τεθνηκότας λέγω] " λέγω M. G. A. R. λόγῳ Τ. V. [et Schol : ὁ τῷ λόγῳ τεθνηκὼς Ορέστης ἀπέκτεινε τὸν ζῶντα Αἴγισθον]. Oresti versum tribuunt G.A. R., servo T. V." Klaus. Vulgatam tuetur Pauw. ex v. 845 (825) λóyoi Ovýokovтes μárny, sed valde adblanditur Aéyo, quod dant Med. Guelph. Ald. Rob., probantibus etiam Stanl. Bourd. Schütz. Recte etiam monet Schütz in vulgata nihil inesse ainypar@ôdes, nam eos qui fama tantum mortui perhibebantur vivum hominem occidere posse nemo dubitat." Butl. Add that under the abstract generality, TOÙS TEðvηKÓTas, Angl. THE DEAD, the speaker might well be supposed to allude to τὸν λόγῳ τεθνηκότα Ορέστην, viz.—him that we had set dcun as dead, or among the dead; whereas toùs teOvŋkótas λóyw, inasmuch as it does not express any known and universal relation, could not possibly have been applied singly to Orestes. Stanley well compares Soph. Εl. 1477, οὐ γὰρ αἰσθάνει πάλαι ζῶντας θανοῦσιν οὖνεκ ̓ ἀνταυδᾷς ἴσα ; οἴμοι, ξυνῆκα τοὔπος. 867. oï3yw] “oï èyà G.T.V. oî éyò M. hic et v. 836 (873). oï'yw recentiores." Klaus-who, with Wellauer, has edited oï è̟yw. Ibid. è§ αἰνιγμάτων : compare Ag. 1077, ἐξ αἰνιγμάτων ἐπαργέμοισι θεσφάτοις. ib. 1145, ἐκ καλυμμάτων . . . δεδορκώς. 868. ὥσπερ οὖν] “ ὥσπερ οὕς ἐκτείναμεν Porsonus Adv. p. 160. ubi notavimus istas in Eschylum notulas a Porsono juvene scriptas fuisse. Sententiam postea mutavit; edidit enim &σtep ovv, memor fortasse versus 90 (88), ἤ σιγ ̓ ἀτίμως, ὥσπερ οὖν ἀπώλετο πατήρ.” Blomf—and so Dobree Adv. vol. ii, p. 28: " σrep ous Pors. Adv. p. 160, sed vide Platon. Cratyl. p. 405. C. H. St. Comicus Athenæi, &σtep ovv oi pýropes olim emendabam." ἀνδροκμήτα 869. ȧvôрокμñтa, manslaying, murderous. "Lege dvopoкμñтa [pro. vulg. ȧvdpókμηтa]. H. Steph. in explicanda hac voce ȧvdpoкμýs Scholiastem Sophoclis sequitur, qui ad Aj. 325. notat: σidnpokμñoiv” tą σidnpw φονευθεῖσιν, ὡς ἀνδροκμῆσιν. Verum Æschylus active sumit, hominem trucidans, nec h. 1. tantum, sed et Suppl. 679, åvdpokμηs λoryós. et Eum. 248, μóxbois avoрокμñσi: cum tamen verba hujus formæ ut plurimum passive sumantur, ut λιμοθνής [Ag. 1241.], ἀνδροδμής. Hesych : ̓Ανδροδημις (lege 'Ανδροδμής) ὕπανδρος γυνή.” Stanl. Add Eum. 956, ανδροκμῆτας δ ̓ ἀώρους ἀπεννέπω τύχας, and see on Ag. 783, ἀνδροθνῆτας φθοράς. 870. ἤ νικῶμεν] “ ἤ νικῶμεν Med. Guelph. Αld. Rob. εἰ νικῶμεν Turn. 1 See St. Paul's Ep. to Romans vii, 2. Vict., quod recentiores receperunt omnes; sed optimorum librorum lectionem revocavi secundum ea quæ ad v. 745 (738) disputata sunt” Well-and so Blomf. Scholef. Dind. Klaus. Translate: Let it be known, or conquer we or fail! "For thus," she argues, "it stands with me in this bad business—we either conquer or are for ever1 conquered—and the sooner we know our actual state, the better." In this summary view of the conditions of the contest for which she would arm herself, let us once more note the ȧvdpóßovλov kéap (Ag. 11.) of Clytemnestra, as represented in the former part of the Trilogy (Ag. 1339-1418), and at the same time, in the words roud' áþɩkóμŋv kakoû v. 871, observe that secret misgiving of the mind within, which we have formerly noticed on Ag. 1628. 872. σè kai pateźw] "Angl. I was just seeking for you—or the very person I am in quest of!-the kaì making parevo correlative, or (more familiarly speaking) apropos to apóμny, which word we must suppose Orestes to have overheard. So Klausen: "Etiam quæro te; intelligendum est, σTEр Kai KELS. Cf. Hartung. Partikeln i. p. 131." Yet Blomfield: "Hoc exemplum iis adjici potest, quæ dedit Dobræus in Aristoph. App. p. (36), in quibus kaì conjunctio postponitur voci, quam in constructione antecedit. Pene tamen suspicor legendum σὲ μὲν ματεύω, vel σέ τοι ματεύω” ! Ibid. Tode d'apкovvтws exet,3 Angl. for this man has got enough! "Egresso Oreste aperta manet porta media per quam aspicitur Ægisthi corpus intus jacens." Klaus. Abresch compares Eur. Hec. 318, kei σμίκρ ̓ ἔχοιμι, πάντ ̓ ἄν ἀρκούντως ἔχοι : and Blomfield adds Thucyd. i, 22. ἀρκούντως ἕξει. 873. φίλτατ' Αἰγίσθου βία] " Constructionem φίλτατε Αἰγ. βία, ubi est σxĥμа πроs тò σnpaivóμevov, illustrarunt Matth. Gr. Gr. § 434. Elmsl. ad Soph. Ed. T. 1167. et Eur. Bacch. 1306. Hoc tamen exemplum unicum est hujus circumlocutionis, Bía Tuvos, cum adjectivo masculini generis conjunctæ ; nam quod supra edidimus v. 644 (638) : eïπep pɩλóğevós tis Aiyiobov ẞía, diversi est generis. Dixit Euripides Phoen. 55, κλεινὴν Πολυνείκους βίαν.” Blomf. 875. οὔτι μὴ προδῷς] “ non deseres ; οὔτι μὴ προδώσεις foret : nequaquam deseras; si verum sit quod tradit Elmsl. ad Soph. Œd. C. 177, où μù So Milton: "Awake, arise, or be for ever fall'n"! Par. Lost. i, 330. Not unlike is the modern Clytemnestra's intrepidity: "If we should fail -We fail! But screw your courage to the sticking place, And we'll not fail": Shaksp. Macbeth, Act i. Sc. 7. 3 These words, spoken "after the manner of men" (I. Cor. xv, 32.), seem to have been borrowed from the athletic contests of Ancient Greece; as in Ag. 356. 1252, where see the notes. |